scholarly journals Suspected lead poisoning in two captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) in South Africa, in 2008 and 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. North ◽  
Emily P. Lane ◽  
Kelly Marnewick ◽  
Peter Caldwell ◽  
Glen Carlisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Acinonyx Jubatus ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
Lead Levels

Whilst lead poisoning in raptors, scavenging birds and waterfowl is well studied and common knowledge, there is surprisingly little literature detailing the risk to mammalian scavengers and captive carnivores fed hunted meat. This case report describes the death of two captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus jubatus) following acute onset of nervous symptoms. Clinical signs included hyper-excitability, seizures, arched back, tail held abnormally high and hyper-salivation. Necropsy findings included bullets or a bullet in their stomachs. Kidney and liver lead levels from one cheetah (15.6 ppm and 17 ppm respectively) were consistent with a diagnosis of lead poisoning; liver from the second cheetah was not available for testing. Both animals were routinely fed hunted antelope or game birds. This is the first report of oral lead poisoning in captive large carnivores, although these are unlikely to be the first cases. Without awareness of the risks of feeding hunted game, lead exposure will continue to be an underdiagnosed reality in the rehabilitation of endangered carnivores.

scholarly journals Putative Otobius megnini-associated clinical signs in horses in South Africa (2012–2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Condition ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Otobius Megnini ◽  
Neuromuscular Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Clinical Conditions ◽  
Elevated Heart Rate

Otobius megnini has been associated with certain clinical conditions in horses in both California and Mexico. A number of cases similar to those described previously have been identified by the author in South Africa. This case report summarises these cases to demonstrate that the clinical condition occurs readily in South Africa and may be increasing in occurrence. The disease has minimal coverage in the literature making it more likely that a veterinarian, unfamiliar with the disease, will miss the diagnosis. The author would like to make veterinarians aware of this as a potential differential diagnosis. This study is a retrospective review of clinical data. Clinical records of patients with similar clinical signs and treatment were reviewed and grouped together as relevant cases for this case report. Ten cases of O. megnini associated neuromuscular dysfunction are reported, suggesting a link between the occurrence of the tick and the clinical condition. Clinical signs include third eyelid prolapse, localised muscle fasciculations, elevated heart rate and limb stamping. Serum chemistry changes commonly show increased aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase enzymes activities. The occurrence of the ticks within South Africa and the increasing number of cases presented demonstrate the need for more investigation into the pathophysiology of this condition.

scholarly journals Induction of myeloperoxidase deficiency in granulocytes in lead- intoxicated dogs

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Caldwell ◽  
L Taddeini ◽  
RL Woodburn ◽  
GL Anderson ◽  
M Lobell
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Red Cell Membranes

Abstract Lead interferes with heme synthesis in erythrocytes and has a deleterious effect on red cell membranes. We measured myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity in the granulocytes of dogs fed increasing quantities of lead. Concurrently, iodination capability and in vitro bactericidal activity were measured. Blood lead levels were monitored. Three of 4 dogs poisoned with lead developed significant decreases in MPO enzyme activity in their granulocytes. The decline in MPO activity correlated with cumulative lead toxicity as judged by blood lead levels and clinical signs of lead poisoning. Iodination ability in all 4 dogs decreased with cumulative lead toxicity. After discontinuation of lead administration, recovery of granulocyte MPO activity preceded recovery of iodination ability. This observation suggests the possibility of separate effects of lead on iodination ability and MPO activity. Moderate impairment of bactericidal capacity developed in 3 of 4 dogs with severe lead poisoning. Clinical infections were not observed during the course of the study.

scholarly journals Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis caused by Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribner infected by Claviceps paspali: a case report

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 336-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Moyano ◽  
AM Molina ◽  
AJ Lora ◽  
J. Mendez ◽  
A. Rueda
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Poisoning Case ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Claviceps Paspali

A natural poisoning case caused by ingestion of Paspalum paspaloides (Michx.) Scribner infected by Claviceps paspali in a bovine herd in Huelva (Spain) is described. This kind of intoxication, frequently described in South Africa and America is rare in Europe and this is the first description in Spain. Clinical signs, which affected 23 calves out of a total of 130 animals, consisted in a nervous syndrome characterized by tremor, hyperexcitability, incoordination, ataxia, depression and paralysis, signs that were aggravated when animals were subjected to certain types of exercises. The most relevant lesions were detected in the brain and consisted in microhaemorrhages diffused through the parenchyma of the brain, neuronal degeneration, satellitosis, neuronophagia, gliosis, and moderate neuropil degeneration in the peripheral zones of the brain.  

scholarly journals Induction of myeloperoxidase deficiency in granulocytes in lead- intoxicated dogs

Blood ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
KC Caldwell ◽  
L Taddeini ◽  
RL Woodburn ◽  
GL Anderson ◽  
M Lobell
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Red Cell Membranes

Lead interferes with heme synthesis in erythrocytes and has a deleterious effect on red cell membranes. We measured myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity in the granulocytes of dogs fed increasing quantities of lead. Concurrently, iodination capability and in vitro bactericidal activity were measured. Blood lead levels were monitored. Three of 4 dogs poisoned with lead developed significant decreases in MPO enzyme activity in their granulocytes. The decline in MPO activity correlated with cumulative lead toxicity as judged by blood lead levels and clinical signs of lead poisoning. Iodination ability in all 4 dogs decreased with cumulative lead toxicity. After discontinuation of lead administration, recovery of granulocyte MPO activity preceded recovery of iodination ability. This observation suggests the possibility of separate effects of lead on iodination ability and MPO activity. Moderate impairment of bactericidal capacity developed in 3 of 4 dogs with severe lead poisoning. Clinical infections were not observed during the course of the study.

scholarly journals LEAD POISONING IN DOG – CASE REPORT

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Isa Poci Palumbo ◽  
Luiz Henrique De Araújo Machado ◽  
Michiko Sakate ◽  
Daniela Fregni Caetano ◽  
Didier Quevedo Cagnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Mongrel Dog ◽  
Hematological Evaluation ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

The present study reports the occurrence of lead poisoning in a male, 2 year-old mongrel dog attended at UNESP Botucatu Veterinary Hospital. The animal was brought to the hospital with claim of gastrointestinal and nervous disturbs for 10 days, worsening in the last 24 hours. After unsuccessfully attempts to control status epileticus, the animal died. Hematological evaluation revealed significant rubricytosis and basophilic stippling, highly suggestive of lead poisoning. Serum lead concentration confirmed toxic levels of this element. Necropsy evidenced the presence of foreign bodies in stomach (one stone and two metallic objects) and, microscopically, characteristic inclusions in renal parenchyma. Fragments obtained from liver and kidneys revealed lead concentrations of 0, 8 μg/g and 25 μg/g, respectively, which in association to clinical signs of saturnism, determined the diagnosis of lead poisoning.

The use of ICT by SMMEs in a Digital Economy: A case study in Buffalo City Metropolitan in South Africa [Abstract]

10.28945/4314 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Underdeveloped Areas ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Set Up

Aim/Purpose: The goal of this study is to advance understanding of ICT utilization by SMMEs by checking access, ability (in terms of technological skills) and usage of ICT among some SMMEs entrepreneurs operating their businesses in an underdeveloped areas to enhance their business activities in order to utilizes the digital opportunities 21st century digital economies present. Background: In today’s world no nation or region is untouched by the forces of globalization and digital economy. One of the key pioneering forces of globalization is the advances of ICT like internet, social networks, etc. In the sphere of business, this pioneering force has also altered the way businesses and organizations communicate and interact with customers and society at large. Such alternation presents obvious opportunities for wealth creation and growth for businesses and organizations that are well-equipped to take advantages of them. But for those that are less-equipped, particularly SMMEs, globalization can easily lead to fore-closures and marginalization. It is a common knowledge that SMMEs entrepreneurs mostly rely on ICT gadgets like mobile phone, Laptops, Tablets to conduct their business activities as many of them don’t have enough capital to set up offices with necessary equipment. Therefore, using various ICT functions/programs on these ICT devices to enhance their business activities are critical to their businesses in the 21st century digital economies. Methodology: Purposeful sampling was used to approach fifty-four SMMEs entrepreneurs operating their businesses in underdeveloped areas locally called Townships in Buffalo City Metropolitan. Microsoft excel was used in the descriptive statistics. Contribution: This research will add to the growing knowledge ICT usage in SMMEs in the 21st century digital economies. Findings: The results indicate that the participating SMMEs entrepreneurs need to be educated, trained and supported in the use of the ICT applicable to enhance their business activities in order for them to take advantages of 21st century digital economies present. Recommendations for Practitioners: The agencies tasked with looking after SMMEs in South Africa needs to consider the lacked of utilisation of ICTs by SMMEs entrepreneurs operating their businesses in underdeveloped areas as one of the barrier to growing of their businesses and take necessary steps to address it. Recommendation for Researchers: Since age and gender have been proven to be key-moderating variables in many technology acceptance models. There is a need to explore in depth whether the factors of gender and age also act as barriers. Impact on Society: The research will assist stakeholders, policy makers and agencies tasked with looking after SMMEs to identify the barriers hindering SMMEs to grow and address them accordingly. Future Research: More work needs to be done to check whether gender, age of the SMMEs entrepreneurs have some effects on their attitude towards the integration of ICT into their business activities.

Cerebellar Infarction with Acute Onset of Vertigo and Cochlear Symptoms; A Case Report.

1993 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-410
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Yamazaki ◽  
Chihiro Harada ◽  
Munetaka Yamakawa ◽  
Tsutomu Sohma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Cerebellar Infarction

Surgical management of choke through oesophagotomy in a buffalo: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devasee Borakhatariya ◽  
A. B. Gadara
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Cervical Oesophagus ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oesophageal Obstruction ◽  
Large Animals

Oesophageal disorders are relatively uncommon in large animals. Oesophageal obstruction is the most frequently encountered clinical presentation in bovine and it may be intraluminal or extra luminal (Haven, 1990). Intraluminal obstruction or “choke” is the most common abnormality that usually occurs when foreign objects, large feedstuff, medicated boluses, trichobezoars, or oesophageal granuloma lodge in the lumen of the oesophagus. Oesophageal obstructions in bovine commonly occur at the pharynx, the cranial aspect of the cervical oesophagus, the thoracic inlet, or the base of the heart (Choudhary et al., 2010). Diagnosis of such problem depends on the history of eating particular foodstuff and clinical signs as bloat, tenesmus, retching, and salivation

scholarly journals Brain Abscess Caused by Nocardia: Case Report and Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Maria Eduarda Conte Gripa ◽  
Tiago Paczko Bozko Cecchini ◽  
Tobias Ludwig do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Brain Abscess ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Rare Clinical Entity ◽  
Brain Abscesses

AbstractNocardia brain abscess is a rare clinical entity, accounting for 2% of all brain abscesses, associated with high morbidity and a mortality rate 3 times higher than brain abscesses caused by other bacteria. Proper investigation and treatment, characterized by a long-term antibiotic therapy, play an important role on the outcome of the patient. The authors describe a case of a patient without neurological comorbidities who developed clinical signs of right occipital lobe impairment and seizures, whose investigation demonstrated brain abscess caused by Nocardia spp. The patient was treated surgically followed by antibiotic therapy with a great outcome after 1 year of follow-up.

scholarly journals Uptake of exogenous estrogen as a differential diagnosis of ovarian-remnant-syndrome in a bitch: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ganz ◽  
Axel Wehrend
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Menopausal Symptoms ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Estrogen Exposure ◽  
Exogenous Estrogen ◽  
Endocrine Parameters

Abstract Background Clinical signs of heat in bitches that have been previously spayed are often associated with the presence of ovarian remnant syndrome. The inclusion of exogenous estrogens as a differential diagnosis in this regard is often ignored and may lead to misinterpretation of the case. Case presentation Herein, we report a case of exogenous estrogen exposure over several months to a 6.5-year-old spayed crossbred bitch, weighing 8.4 kg. The bitch presented in the clinic because of suspected ovarian remnant syndrome. Castration was performed within the first 6 months after birth. Important endocrine parameters measured at the first appointment were Anti-Müllerian hormone (< 0.01 ng/mL), progesterone (0.36 ng/mL), estradiol-17ß (20.7 pg/mL), and luteinizing hormone (< 0.1 ng/mL). After an extensive conversation with the owner, it was revealed that she was using an estrogen spray because of severe menopausal symptoms. After the owner stopped using this spray, the symptoms of the bitch disappeared. Conclusion Therefore, the uptake of estrogens should be a differential diagnosis for symptoms of the ovarian remnant syndrome. A detailed anamnesis is crucial to identify the source of estrogen in the environment of the affected bitch.

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