scholarly journals Economic inequality as a source of interpersonal violence: Evidence from sub-Saharan Africa and South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Harris ◽  
Claire Vermaak
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Cent Increase ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

This article examines whether the close association of income inequality and violence identified for high income countries applies also to sub-Saharan Africa and, in particular, to South Africa. Cross sectional analysis across sub-Saharan countries provided no evidence of such an association. However, using homicide rates and several measures of inequality across South Africa’s 52 districts does provide evidence of a significant positive relationship between homicide rates and expenditure inequality. A one per cent increase in inequality is associated with an increase in the homicide rate of 2.3 to 2.5 per cent. This relationship remains significant after controlling for other characteristics of the district.

scholarly journals Housing and child health in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. e1003055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy S. Tusting ◽  
Peter W. Gething ◽  
Harry S. Gibson ◽  
Brian Greenwood ◽  
Jakob Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
And Child Health

Special COVID-19 Preventive Diets Consumed in sub-Saharan Africa during the Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (06) ◽  
pp. 18192-18205
Author(s):  
Eridiong O. Onyenweaku ◽  
◽  
H Kesa ◽  
AK Tchuenchieu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Combretum Micranthum ◽  
June July

COVID-19 is nowadays considered a pandemic whose mortality rate is clearly higher in developed countries. In contrast to predictions, Africa appears as one of the least affected continents. This pilot study was designed with the aim of identifying the various foods/drinks consumed in various sub-Saharan countries under partial or total lockdown to prevent the disease. In this condition, a cross-sectional online survey was carried out for six weeks (June/July, 2020). A total of 817 people from Cameroon (246), Ethiopia (35), Ghana (57), Kenya (87), Nigeria (211) and South Africa (181) voluntarily took part to this study. Among them, 51.7% reported consuming nothing special for COVID-19 prevention. On the other hand, foods/drinks consumed by the rest of the respondents for therapeutic purposes were grouped into five classes; infusions made from spices, honey and fruits (like lemon, lime, ginger and garlic) were the most popularly consumed class followed by fruits and vegetables. Two other groups related to medicinal plants consisted of ‘Bark Infusions and decoctions’ mainly of Kinkeliba (Combretum micranthum) or Quinquina (Cinchona officinalis), as well as ‘Maceration, decoction or infusion of Neem leaves or Artemisia. These were mainly consumed in Cameroon. Another group was ‘local beverages’ like those from Hibiscus, beetroot or lemonade. The last group was represented by those consuming conventional medicines/supplements especially Vitamin C and Zinc. This was mainly the case in South Africa. Globally, females, white people (race) and those affluent (income) had a significantly higher tendency to consume conventional medicines (p<0.05). Up to 70% of the respondents believed the cited special diets/drinks could be helpful in boosting the immune system. The majority reported informing themselves through social media, friends and relatives. A systematic review of the healthy properties and antiviral potential of the identified special foods, therefore, becomes a prerequisite for prioritizing and promoting them in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Complications of traditional circumcision amongst young Xhosa males seen at St Lucy’s Hospital, Tsolo, Eastern Cape, South Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugochukwu Anike ◽  
Indiran Govender ◽  
John V. Ndimade ◽  
John Tumbo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Excessive Bleeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Traditional circumcision of males is common amongst many societies in sub-Saharan Africa. Circumcision amongst the Xhosa people of South Africa represents a rite of passage to manhood. Traditional male circumcision has an increased risk for complications that include sepsis, genitalmutilation, gangrenous penis, excessive bleeding, dehydration, renal failure and death. The aim of this study was to describe the complications of traditional circumcisions amongst Xhosa men as seen at St. Lucy’s Hospital in the Eastern Cape Province.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was conducted in 2008. Records of 105 malesadmitted to St. Lucy’s Hospital with complications following traditional circumcision were reviewed. Data collected included age, education level, race, reasons for circumcision, complications, the period of circumcision, duration of hospital stay and the outcomes. Descriptive data analysis was performed using statistical software SPSS 17.0.Results: The ages ranged from 15–35 years with 68 (64.8%) between 15–19 years. 83 (79%) had a secondarylevel of education, 16 (15.2%) primary, 5 (4.8%) tertiary and 1% had no education. 60 (57%) werecircumcised as initiation to manhood, 21 (20.0%) due to peer pressure, 20 (19.0%) for cultural reasons, and 1(1.0%) was forced. The complications were sepsis (59 [56.2%]), genital mutilation (28 [26.7%]), dehydration(12 [11.4%]) and amputation of genitalia (6 [5.7%]).Fifty-nine (56.2%) patients were circumcised in winter.79 (75.2%) were circumcised in the forest, and 25 (23.8%) in initiation centres. Fifty-eight (55.2%) werecircumcised by traditionalists, and 47 (44.8%) by tribal elders (initiators). Hospital stays ranged from 8 to28 days. 66% were healed and discharged, and 29 (27.6%) were referred to higher centres of care.Conclusion: Genital sepsis was the most common complication of traditional male circumcision.Complications were related to the circumciser, advanced age of the patient and place of circumcision. Thereis need for training of the traditional circumcisers on safe techniques and use of hygienic practices in orderto reduce the complications identified in this study.

scholarly journals Factors associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding for six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
PROF DANIEL TER GOON ◽  
Anthony Idowu Ajayi ◽  
OLADELE VINCENT ADENIYI
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Context Specific

Abstract Background: Exclusive breast feeding (EBF) is associated with reduction of post-natal HIV transmission and optimal infant growth. Given that the factors influencing EBF are multi-factorial and context-specific, we examined the prevalence and factors associated with EBF practice in the first six months among mothers on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between January – May 2018 on 469 parturient women enlisted in the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission cohort study in the Eastern Cape. EBF was defined as infant feeding with breast milk only. We collected relevant socio-demographic, lifestyle and maternal information by interview. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were fitted to determine the factors associated with EBF practice.Results: EBF for six months was practised by a few women (32.0%). The prevalence of EBF was significantly higher among married women (36.8%), unemployed women (36.6%), non-smokers (32.7%) and those who never drank alcohol (37.0%). Unemployed women (AOR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.08-2.56) and those with grade 12 or less level of education (AOR =2.76, 95% CI: 1.02-7.49) had a higher likelihood of practising EBF for six months while mothers who consumed alcohol (AOR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.34-0.85) were less likely to practice EBF for six months. Conclusions: Sub-optimal rate of EBF in this study is comparable with the national (31.6%), sub-Saharan Africa (36%) and WHO global (35%) rates. Advocacy campaign on EBF must target alcohol cessation and the creation of a favourable workplace environment for lactating mothers.

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