A Way to Europe: New Refugees’ Migration Patterns Revealed

The final destination country for refugees heading to Europe may be a changing one depending on various factors, such as the relocation program at the EU level, their ability to make decisions, geographic factors, finances, available routes, visa options, networks, chance, labor markets, etc., but for many of them their choices are limited. The purpose of this paper is to show how refugees select their destination countries, by looking at similarities across European countries. We aim to explain how country-specific factors may relate to the magnitude of migration flows, employing cluster and network analysis, and connecting meso- and macro-levels. The variables considered in our analysis fall under the four types of factors for host countries described by Van Hear, Bakewell, and Long (2012). Our analysis reveals that host countries in Europe can be grouped into four clusters: (i) Top Destination Economically Performing Countries; (ii) Emergent Destination Countries; (iii) Periphery and Less Economically Performing Countries; and (iv) Outlier Countries.

The French domestic "sanitary pass" did not solve Covid-19 vaccination inequities in France

The French sanitary pass led to an increase in vaccination rates in France, but local heterogeneities in vaccination rates remain. To identify potential determinants of these heterogeneities and how the French sanitary pass influenced them, we used a data-driven approach on exhaustive nationwide data, gathering 181 socio-economic and geographic factors. Our analysis reveals that, both before and after the introduction of the French sanitary pass, factors with the largest impact are related to poverty, with the most deprived areas having greater than 10 times the odds of being among the districts with lower vaccination rates.

KAJIAN FAKTOR GEOGRAFI PADA PERTUMBUHAN USAHA KECIL NON PERTANIAN DI DESA BORONA DAN DESA TIBOBO KABUPATEN HALMAHERA BARAT

The study of geographic factors (distance and location) is the background of this research. The objectives of this study are 1). To study geographic factors that support the growth of small non-agricultural enterprises in Borona Village and Tibobo Village, West Halmahera Regency, 2). This is to determine the contribution of small non-agricultural businesses to job opportunities in Borona Village and Tibobo Village, West Halmahera Regency. The research method is quantitative. According to the research objectives, two villages were selected that have different geographic factors (distance from the city center), namely Borona Village, Ibu District, representing villages far from Jailolo City (72 km) and Tibobo Village, Sahu District, representing villages close to Jailolo City (9 km). ). The results showed that geographic factors (distance from the city center) influenced the growth of small non-agricultural enterprises in the two research locations. Of the total 211 business units, 142 business units (67.30%) are located in Tibobo Village which is located close to the center of Jailolo City compared to Borona Village which is located far from the center of Jailolo City which only has 69 types of businesses or 32.70%. The workforce is absorbed in non-agricultural small businesses which are spread over 3 business groups consisting of 16 types of businesses and covering 211 business units.

The Impact of Demographic, Socio-Economic and Geographic Factors on Mortality Risk among People Living with Dementia in England (2002–2016)

Increasing numbers of people living with dementia (PLWD), and a pressured health and social care system, will exacerbate inequalities in mortality for PLWD. There is a dearth of research examining multiple factors in mortality risk among PLWD, including application of large administrative datasets to investigate these issues. This study explored variation mortality risk variation among people diagnosed with dementia between 2002–2016, based on: age, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, geography and general practice (GP) contacts. Data were derived from electronic health records from a cohort of Clinical Practice Research Datalink GP patients in England (n = 142,340). Cox proportional hazards regression modelled mortality risk separately for people with early- and later- onset dementia. Few social inequalities were observed in early-onset dementia; men had greater risk of mortality. For early- and later-onset, higher rates of GP observations—and for later-onset only dementia medications—are associated with increased mortality risk. Social inequalities were evident in later-onset dementia. Accounting for other explanatory factors, Black and Mixed/Other ethnicity groups had lower mortality risk, more deprived areas had greater mortality risk, and higher mortality was observed in North East, South Central and South West GP regions. This study provides novel evidence of the extent of mortality risk inequalities among PLWD. Variance in mortality risk was observed by social, demographic and geographic factors, and frequency of GP contact. Findings illustrate need for greater person-centred care discussions, prioritising tackling inequalities among PLWD. Future research should explore more outcomes for PLWD, and more explanatory factors of health outcomes.

Images of South Korea and Russia in the Mutual Representations of the Student Youth of Both Countries

The perspectives of modern South Korean youth on Russia and perspectives of Russian youth on South Korea respectively are reconstructed and interpreted in this article. The research was conducted on the basis of analysis of 100 in-depth interviews with Russian and South Korean student youth (50 students in each group), specializing in Russian-Korean relations, intercultural communications and language of the country studied. Natural and geographic factors, historical and cultural associations, the image of the countrys citizens are found to be the main South Korean students perspectives on Russia. Economic system, the image of the countrys citizens, historical and cultural features of the country represent the main Russian students perspectives on South Korea. In general, mutual images of each country contain many stereotypes which are mediocre for common perception. Such stereotypical thinking and the lack of knowledge about modern socio-economic realities among future specialists in Russian-Korean relations may be a serious obstacle that places under risk effectiveness of further cooperation between the two sides.

An Unhealthy World

This chapter explains how the world that faced COVID-19 was not a world free of existential threats, merely from the widespread knowledge of them. The pandemic revealed just how vulnerable we have always been, and how vulnerable we will remain unless we learn its lessons. The first step to doing so is understanding the ways in which the world is still unhealthy and the forces which enable this poor health. This means looking at health disparities, which emerge from the misalignment of the structures that underlie health—the social, economic, political, and geographic factors which unfold across time and distance to shape our world. Creating a healthy world means engaging with health on this level—and we cannot prevent the next pandemic without creating a healthy world. The chapter discusses how we can do so, by first looking at the ways we have fallen short. The challenges of widespread disease, the proliferation of unsafe behaviors like smoking, and other forms of preventable mortality all speak of a world that is still unhealthy. The chapter then looks at how these challenges intersected with COVID-19. Finally, it considers the role global cooperation and international institutions played in addressing COVID-19, and their importance for creating a better future for health.

Political Discourse in the Maghreb: An Analysis of Amazigh Identity in Algeria and Morocco

The Imazighen (plural of Amazigh) are an indigenous group primarily located in Northern and Western Africa. While Amazigh communities are present across the Maghreb, the role of Amazigh identity in Morocco and Algeria is of particular interest given each country's distinct treatment of ethnic and linguistic minorities. In Algeria, Amazigh identity is not as overtly politicized as in Morocco, wherein Amazigh communities are often at the forefront of public discourses and are often scapegoated as a source of political instability. Compared to Morocco, Algerian Imazighen generally experience higher acceptance levels due to numerous social, political, historical, and geographic factors that underpin the treatment and perceptions of Amazighté in Morocco and Algeria today. This article analyzes Algeria and Morocco's respective independence movements, political systems, language laws, and geographic topography to link the contemporary role of Amazigh identity to each national setting's unique history, politics, and geography.