Assessment of gross malnutrition among primary school children using body mass index as an assessment tool in abakaliki metropolis of Ebonyi State, South-East Nigeria

This study aims to compare dominant factors of anthropometrics and motor component among children relative body mass index. A total 5819 primary school children (3243 boys and 2576 girls) aged 7.30±0.28 years old were subdivided into four groups according their Body Mass Index (BMI) namely underweight group (UWG), normal weight group (NWG), overweight group (OWG) and obese group (OBG). The parameters involved in this study are weight, height, standing broad jump (SBJ), sit and reach (SAR), hand wall toss (HWT) and 20 meter run (20MR). Method of Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was employed to ascertain the domain factors parameters for each BMI group. For boys and girls, initial PCA identifies two components with higher Eigen value (> 1). In first component VF1 for boys and girls, PCA after varimax rotation revealed two varifactors that are weight (> 0.90) and height (> 0.80) for all BMI group. Otherwise, second component VF2 for boys and girls revealed high factor loading on low muscular strength, hand-eye coordination and speed. This study indicates there is direct effect between motor proficiency and BMI among preschool population and revealed that primary school children with high body mass may have lower motor proficiency on explosive strength, coordination and speed compared with normal body mass.

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Comorbidities in Primary vs Secondary School Children With Obesity and Responsiveness to Lifestyle Intervention

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2018-02318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 104 (9) ◽

pp. 3803-3811 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kylie Karnebeek ◽

Supriya Thapar ◽

Maartje Willeboordse ◽

Onno C P van Schayck ◽

Anita C E Vreugdenhil

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Secondary School ◽

Primary School ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Body Mass ◽

School Children ◽

Interquartile Range ◽

Primary School Children ◽

Z Score

AbstractContextChildhood obesity increases the risk of diseases as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.ObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in school-age children with obesity and to compare its prevalence and the effect of a lifestyle intervention between children in primary and secondary school and between boys and girls.DesignCross-sectional analysis and lifestyle intervention.SettingCentre for Overweight Adolescent and Children’s Healthcare.PatientsComorbidities were evaluated in 149 primary and 150 secondary school children with (morbid) obesity (162 girls). The effect of lifestyle intervention was studied in 82 primary and 75 secondary school children.InterventionOne-year interdisciplinary lifestyle intervention.ResultsInsulin resistance (37%), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (3%), dyslipidemia (48%), hypertension (7%), and elevated liver transaminase levels (54%) were already common in primary school children. Glomerular hyperfiltration and insulin resistance were more prevalent in secondary school children. IGT was more prevalent in girls. The change in body mass index z score after intervention was greater in primary school children (primary vs secondary: −0.25 ± 0.32 vs −0.11 ± 0.47), even as the change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations [primary vs secondary: −0.30 (interquartile range, −0.70 to 0.10) vs −0.10 (interquartile range, −0.40 to 0.30)] and systolic blood pressure z score (primary vs secondary: −0.32 ± 1.27 vs 0.24 ± 1.3). The change in body mass index z score, but not in comorbidities, was greater in boys (boys vs girls: −0.33 ± 0.45 vs −0.05 ± 0.31).ConclusionsThe presence of comorbidities is already evident in primary school children with obesity. The effect of a lifestyle intervention on these comorbidities is greater in primary compared with secondary school children, stressing the need for early interventions.

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