scholarly journals Cytological diagnosis of metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the ascitic fluid: Report of a case highlighting the diagnostic difficulties

CytoJournal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Nelson ◽  
Charanjeet Singh ◽  
Stefan E. Pambuccian
Keyword(s):  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an uncommon tumor affecting adolescents and young adults that is only rarely encountered in body fluid cytology. We report the cytological features of metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the ascitic fluid of a 17-year-old female patient, who had presented with abdominal distention, 21 months after being diagnosed with perirectal alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The rare single neoplastic cells that were admixed with abundant reactive mesothelial cells were initially misinterpreted as reactive mesothelial cells. However, their neoplastic nature was established after a careful review of their cytological features and the performance of immunoperoxidase stains. Compared to the reactive mesothelial cells that were present in the sample, the malignant cells were smaller, with less ample and more homogenous cytoplasm. They had slightly larger, more hyperchromatic, and more frequently eccentric nuclei, with larger nucleoli. This case highlights the potential pitfall of the misinterpretation of metastatic alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma cells for reactive mesothelial cells. Awareness of this potential diagnostic problem and recognition of the cytomorphological features of this neoplasm in the body fluids allows the identification of malignant cells, even when they are rare and intimately associated with mesothelial cells.

scholarly journals Ascitic Fluid Cytology Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 345-350
Author(s):  
CC Nwafor ◽  
K Obioha ◽  
TO Akhiwu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Ascites is a symptom that can originate due to diverse pathologies. A lot of investigations including ascitic fluid cytology (AFC) can be done on it to help determine its origin. The aim of this study, is to document the findings and highlight the importance of AFC in patient care in Uyo. All AFC reports and slides in the Department of Histopathology, University of Uyo were retrieved, reviewed and used for this study. The age ranged from 1.5 – 80 years with mean age, 41.79 (±17.23) years. About 71.8% of the ascitic fluid (AF) specimens were from patients between the 3rd and 6th decade. Females predominated in all age groups expect 10-19 year's group, with a male to female sex ratio of 1:2.4. Malignant cells were seen in 28.7% of all the samples, while 51.2% were negative for malignant cells. Malignant cells were seen in 4 (6.7%), 11 (18.3%) and 6 (10%) of the AFC performed due to various liver pathologies, ovarian malignancies and intra-abdominal malignancies respectively. Malignant cells were found more in females with a male to female ratio of 1: 3.6. Age group 40-49 years accounted for most of the malignant cases (26.6%). The pattern of AFC in Uyo is similar to the pattern in other parts of Nigeria

scholarly journals Epithelial Membrane Antigen, Vimentin, Desmin, Calretinin, E-Cadherin on Cell Block Preparations to Distinguish Well Differentiated Adenocarcinoma from Benign, Reactive, Atypical Mesothelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 1302-1308
Author(s):  
Neha Jaiswal ◽  
Jayant Makrande ◽  
Sunita Vagha
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Membrane Antigen ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
Definitive Diagnosis ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
E Cadherin

BACKGROUND Inconclusive cytomorphology often results due to failure to distinguish between adenocarcinoma cells from benign, reactive, atypical mesothelial cells in effusion specimens. To resolve such dilemmas, auxiliary techniques like immunohistochemistry were utilised to reach a definitive diagnosis for better treatment and management of patients. We wanted to compare cytodiagnosis achieved on cell block preparations with the cytodiagnosis on conventional smear and perform immunohistochemistry for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), calretinin, desmin, vimentin and E-cadherin on cell block preparation of the fluids in cases of indistinguishable cytomorphology of adenocarcinoma and reactive, atypical, and benign mesothelial hyperplasia. METHODS The immunohistochemical markers namely EMA, calretinin, vimentin, desmin and Ecadherin were applied on cell blocks employing streptavidin-biotin method. Immunohistochemistry was interpreted by giving scores to the percentage of stained cells. RESULTS EMA and E-cadherin had 100 % sensitivity in diagnosing adenocarcinoma whereas calretinin, vimentin and desmin were 100 % sensitive in diagnosing reactive, atypical mesothelial carcinoma on the cell block preparations. CONCLUSIONS Immunocytochemistry of fluid should be carried out on the cell block preparation where cytological diagnosis on conventional smear and cell block fails to detect malignant cells in the preparation. KEY WORDS Cell Block, Adenocarcinoma, Mesothelial Cells, Immunohistochemistry, EMA, Calretinin, Vimentin, Desmin, E-Cadherin

DIAGNOSTIC ROLE AND UTILITY OF CONVENTIONAL SMEAR AND CELL BLOCK IN BODY FLUID CYTOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Rina Kumari ◽  
Pankaj Kumar Suman ◽  
R.K. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Cell Block ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Aim The aim of this study was to compare the cytological features of exudative uids by conventional smear (CS) method and cell block (CB) method and also to assess the utility of the combined approach for cytodiagnosis of these effusions. Materials and Methods: One hundred cases pleural and peritoneal exudative uid samples were subjected to evaluation by both CS and CB methods over a period of 6 months between March 2019 to September 2019. Cellularity, architecture patterns, morphological features and yield for malignancy were compared, using the two methods. Along with the conventional smears, cell blocks were prepared by using 10% alcohol–formalin as xative agent. Result Cellularity and additional yield for malignancy was 5% more by the CB method. Conclusions CB produced signicantly better results while detecting malignant lesions and reducing suspicious results. CB technique denitively increased detection of malignancy in uid effusion when used as an adjunct to CSs. Also, CB provides material suitable for molecular genetic analysis for targeted therapies.

scholarly journals Diagnostic value of acid phosphatases (ACP) in differentiating reactive mesothelial cells from cancer cells in the body fluid effusions

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 6446-6451
Author(s):  
Yun-Hui Li ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Xiu-Xia Chen ◽  
Bin Liang ◽  
Xue-Shan Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mesothelial Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Phosphatases

scholarly journals A machine learning model for screening of body fluid cytology smears

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parikshit Sanyal ◽  
Sayak Paul ◽  
Vandana Rana ◽  
Kanchan Kulhari
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Test Set ◽  
White Balance ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Validation Set ◽  
Fluid Cytology

Introduction: Body fluid cytology is one of the commonest investigations performed in indoor patients, both for diagnosis of suspected carcinoma as well as staging of known carcinoma. Carcinoma is diagnosed in body fluids by the pathologist through microscopic examination and searching for malignant epithelial cell clusters. The process of screening body fluid smears is a time consuming and error prone process. Aim: We have attempted to construct a machine learning model which can screen body fluid cytology smears for malignant cells. Materials and methods: MGG stained Ascitic / pleural fluid cytology smears were included from 21 cases (14 malignant, 07 benign) in this study. A total of 693 microphotographs were taken at 40x magnification at the same illumination and after correction of white balance. A Magnus Microphotography system was used for photography. The images were split into the training set (195 images), test set (120 images) and validation set (378 images). A machine learning model, a convolutional neural network, was developed in the Python programming language using the Keras deep learning library. The model was trained with the images of the training set. After completion of training, the model was evaluated on the test set of images. Results: Evaluation of the model on the test set produced a sensitivity of 97.87%, specificity 85.26%, PPV 95.18%, NPV 93.10% In 06 images, the model has failed to detect singly scattered malignant cells/ clusters. 14 (3.7%) false positives was reported by the model. The machine learning model shows potential utility as a screening tool. However, it needs improvement in detecting singly scattered malignant cells and filtering inflammatory infiltrate.

scholarly journals Cytological diagnosis of osteoblastoma of the talus: Case report with unusual presentation and diagnostic pitfalls

CytoJournal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Smita Chandra ◽  
Neeti Puri ◽  
Meena Harsh ◽  
Anil Kumar Juyal
Keyword(s):  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Cytological Diagnosis ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Precise Diagnosis ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Extensive Involvement ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls

Osteoblastoma is a rare bone tumor mostly affecting the young adults and commonly involving the spinal cord and long bones. Talus is the uncommon site of presentation, and if involved, then the neck is more commonly involved than the body of talus. The cytological diagnosis of osteoblastoma is limited, and to the best of our knowledge, its fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in the talus has still not been reported in the literature. The present case of osteoblastoma is, therefore, being reported due to the unusual presentation in elderly male in the body of talus and showing extensive involvement on X-ray. The case was initially diagnosed on FNA cytology excluding the possibility of giant-cell tumor and osteosarcoma. The case also highlights the importance of vigilant observation of subtle cytological features of this rare tumor which may be helpful in avoiding diagnostic pitfalls, especially at an uncommon site and with unusual presentation. An early precise diagnosis by cytology may be followed by appropriate treatment and thus avoiding any further complications.

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