The effect of 16 Arg/Gly β2–adrenergic receptors gene polymorphism on pulmonary function in asthmatic children treated with nebulized salbutamol

We evaluated clinical status and pulmonary function in 60 perennially asthmatic and 11 normal children before and repeatedly after incrementally increasing bicycle ergometer exercise. The changes in clinical status and pulmonary function which were elicited by strenuous exercise were graded by an air exchange and a physiological grading system respectively. Normal children showed no significant clinical or physiological changes after exercise. Strenuous exercise elicited significant deteriorations in clinical and physiological measurements in 36% to 77% of asthmatic girls and 46% to 90% of asthmatic boys, the frequency depending on the test used to determine exercise-induced abnormalities. The incidence of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was statistically significantly higher in asthmatic boys than girls. The higher incidence of EIA in boys was primarily due to a larger number of very severe attacks in boys than girls; mild and moderate EIA was about equally common in the two sexes. Most patients with EIA developed large and small airway obstruction, although large airway obstruction tended to be the predominant and the more severe abnormality. Clinical and physiological abnormalities, regardless of severity, were usually most marked during the first ten minutes after exercise and lessened thereafter. Mild EIA usually lasted for only 15 minutes or less; severe EIA improved, but usually did not resolve within 35 minutes of exercise. There were three patients in whom the severity of EIA got worse after exercise and an additional seven in whom the improvement was minimal. In these ten patients isoproterenol aerosol terminated EIA, indicating that exercise-induced large and small airway obstruction in asthmatic children is primarily. if not solely. due to bronchospasm.

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Effect of Short-Term Exposure to Low Levels of SO2 and NO x on Pulmonary Function and Methacholine and Allergen Bronchial Sensitivities in Asthmatic Children

Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal ◽

10.1080/00039896.1991.9934390 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 296-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jing-Long Huang ◽

Shih-Yue Wang ◽

Kue-Hsiung Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Short Term ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Short Term Exposure ◽

Low Levels

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Comparison of the Effects of Inhaled SCH 1000 and Fenoterol on Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.66.1.109 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 109-114

Author(s):

R. Yeung ◽

G. M. Nolan ◽

H. Levison

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Pulmonary Function ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Anticholinergic Drugs ◽

Base Line ◽

Anticholinergic Agent ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Before And After ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Better Than

The effect of 40 µg of SCH 1000 (ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic agent) on bronchodilation and suppression of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) was compared with 400 µg of fenoterol and a placebo in a single-blind controlled study. Twenty-seven randomly selected asthmatic children performed a standardized treadmill exercise challenge and the 17 children who were shown to have EIB continued in the study. Pulmonary function was evaluated before and after drug administration and exercise. When individual results were analyzed and grouped according to the responsiveness of EIB to the drugs, two patterns emerged: (1) the EIB was more severe in those (6/17) children who did not respond to either drug than in the rest of the children; (2) the resting pulmonary function was significantly better in the children (4/17) who responded to both drugs than in those (7/17) who responded to fenoterol alone. In conclusion SCH 1000 was shown to be an effective bronchodilator comparable to, but no better than, fenoterol. It had minimal side effects. As an EIB inhibitor it depended on relatively normal base line pulmonary function and only a moderate deterioration following exercise, whereas fenoterol depended on the exercise response alone. Although anticholinergic drugs are not very extensively used, SCH 1000 may be useful in some patients where the β2 adrenergic drugs cause significant side effects or are contraindicated.

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Pulmonary Function Testing in Asthmatic Children. Tests to Assess Outpatients During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2020.571112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Mario Barreto ◽

Melania Evangelisti ◽

Marilisa Montesano ◽

Susy Martella ◽

Maria Pia Villa

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Pulmonary Function Testing ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Function Testing

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Computer-aided classification of small airways dysfunction using impulse oscillometric features: a children-focused review

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik ◽

10.1515/bmt-2018-0219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 121-131

Author(s):

Nancy Avila ◽

Homer Nazeran ◽

Nelly Gordillo ◽

Erika Meraz ◽

Laura Gochicoa

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Airway Obstruction ◽

Small Airways ◽

Asthma Diagnosis ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Peripheral Airway ◽

And Control

AbstractBackground and objectiveSpirometry, which is the most commonly used technique for asthma diagnosis, is often unsuitable for small children as it requires them to follow exact instructions and perform extreme inspiration and expiration maneuvers. In contrast, impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a child-friendly technique that could serve as an alternative pulmonary function test (PFT) for asthma diagnosis and control in children as it offers several advantages over spirometry. However, the complex test results of IOS may be difficult to be understood by practitioners due to its reliance on mechanical and electrical models of the human pulmonary system. Recognizing this reality, computer-aided decision systems could help to improve the utility of IOS. The main objective of this paper is to understand the current computer-aided classification research works on this topic.MethodsThis paper presents a methodological review of research works related to the computer-aided classification of peripheral airway obstruction using the IOS technique, which is focused on, but not limited to, asthmatic children. Publications that focused on computer-aided classification of asthma, peripheral dysfunction and/or small airway impairment (SAI) based on impulse oscillometric features were selected for this review.ResultsOut of the 34 articles that were identified using the selected scientific web databases and topic-related parameters, only eight met the eligibility criteria. The most relevant results of the articles reviewed are related to the performance of the different classifiers using static features which are solely based on the first pulmonary function testing measurements (IOS and spirometry). These results included an overall classifiers’ accuracy performance ranging from 42.24% to 98.61%.ConclusionThere is still a great opportunity to improve the utility of IOS by developing more computer-aided robust classifiers, specifically for the asthmatic children population as the classification studies performed to date (1) are limited in number, (2) include features derived from tests that are not optimally suitable for children, (3) are solely bi-class (mostly asthma and non-asthma) and therefore fail to include different degrees of peripheral obstruction for disease prevention and control and (4) lack of validation in cases that focus on multi-class classification of the different degrees of peripheral airway obstruction.

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