Poor antimicrobial activity of methanol and ethanol extract of leaves of Solanum trilobatum Linn.

ABSTRACT Sponge Aaptos aaptos is a marine biota that has great potential, which can be applied, in the pharmaceutical field because of the presence of large compounds in inhibiting microbial growth. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions of sponge Aaptos aaptos on microbial growth of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. The samples were extracted by maceration with 96 % ethanol and fractioned with n-hexane, choloroform and methanol. Testing is done using the Disc Diffusion Agar method. Crude ethanol extract and fraction of sponge Aaptos aaptos showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and categorized as strong, with an average value of 20.32 mm for ethanol extract with strong categories, chloroform fraction 13,28 mm with medium category and methanol fractions 18,48 mm strong category. Keyword: Aaptos aaptos, antimicrobial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans. ABSTRAK Spons Aaptos aaptos merupakan biota laut yang memiliki potensi sebagai antimikroba yang dapat diterapkan di bidang farmasi dengan kandungan senyawa yang besar dalam menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas daya hambat dari ekstrak dan fraksi spons Aaptos aaptos terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Candida albicans. Sampel diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan etanol dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut n–heksan, kloroform dan metanol. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion Agar. Ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi dari Spons Aaptos aaptos menunjukkan aktivitas antimikroba paling besar terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan dikategorikan kuat, dengan nilai rata – rata 20,32 mm untuk ekstrak etanol dengan kategori kuat, fraksi kloroform 13,28 mm, kategori sedang dan fraksi metanol 18,48 mm kategori kuat.Kata Kunci : Aaptos aaptos, aktivitas antimikroba, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans

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Antimicrobial Activity of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) Paste against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Burger Patties

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak ◽

10.21776/ub.jitek.2021.016.02.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 132-143

Author(s):

Selvia Tharukliling ◽

Lilik Eka Radiati ◽

Imam Thohari ◽

Agus Susilo

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Plate Count ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Paste Content

This study aims to determine the antimicrobial activity of red fruit paste against Staphylococcus aureus FNCC-0047 and Eschericia coli FNCC-0091 by using ethanol and n-hexane as well as the total plate count value of the patty with red fruit paste added on different observations day. The concentration of paste extract for antimicrobial activity test was 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%. The calculation of the total value of the burger patty plate is calculated on the 3rd, 7th and 14th d with the red fruit paste content in the formula as much as 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%. The results showed that the fatty acids of red fruit paste were dominated by oleic acid and linoleic acid, which are unsaturated fatty acids and palmitic acid, which are saturated fatty acids. The yield of red fruit paste in n-hexane solvent was higher than ethanol solvent. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) from the use of different solvents to the mean clear zone of the two bacteria tested. The antibacterial activity shown by the ethanol extract and n-hexane extract of red fruit paste was in the inactive category at the 6.12% level, the moderate category at the 12.5% to 25% level and the strong category at the 50% level. There was a significant difference (P <0.05) from the total microbial value in each treatment where the higher the red fruit paste content in the patty, the lower the total microbial value found on each d of observation. The use of red fruit paste at a level of 10% to 15% can withstand the rate of microbial growth

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Comparative studies of the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola on Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans in vitro

Nigerian Journal of Technological Research ◽

10.4314/njtr.v16i1.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 52-58

Author(s):

Elizabeth Winful ◽

Olanikpekun Idowu ◽

Opeoluwa O. Fasanya ◽

Nkechi E. Egbe

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Diffusion Test ◽

Garcinia Kola ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. Although a wide range of chemotherapeutic antimicrobials are available for treatment of microbial related infections and diseases, development of resistance to these chemotherapeutic agents is rapidly on the increase. Extracts from some plants have shown some promise in antimicrobial activity. This has led to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola against Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans in vitro. The Garcinia kola seeds extracts were obtained using 70% ethanol and distilled water respectively. Phytochemical screening of Garcinia kola revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides. Both extracts of the seeds were investigated for antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion sensitivity tests. The ethanol extract produced zones of inhibition of about 7.3 mm for Candida albicans only at a concentration of 800mg/ml for the disc diffusion test. For the agar well diffusion test, the aqueous extract produced zones of inhibition of about 9.5 mm, while the ethanol extract produced zone of inhibition of 19 mm against Candida albicans at a concentration of 800 mg/ml. However, at the same concentration, the ethanol extract produced zones of inhibition of about 8.5 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The findings of this study revealed that Garcinia kola was not effective in treating Klebsiella pneumonia infections but has potential in treating Candida albicans infections. Keywords: Garcinia kola, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans

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Antimicrobial Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Caesalpinia Pulcherrima (Linn.) Sw. Leaves

10.21016/icreset.2018.au14ef31o ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Prof. Mariam M. Dumato ◽

Prof. Meldred Baguio

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract

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Assessment of antimicrobial activity of Cola milleni seed and pulp extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum

Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/bajopas.v12i1.12s ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75

Author(s):

A.M. Aliyu ◽

S.J. Oluwafemi ◽

S. Kasim

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Penicillium Notatum ◽

Standard Techniques

All over the world, hundreds of plants have been identified based on researchers and experimental evidence as good sources of medicinal agents. The bioactive components (phytochemicals) of both the seeds and pulp of Cola milleni were extracted using ethanol as solvent. The bioactive components detected were alkaloids, tanins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, sterols, resins and terpenes while Flavonoids, anthraquinones, anthracyanides and phenol were not detected for both the seed and pulps. Antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract (Seed and pulp) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Penicillium notatum was carried out using standard techniques. Staphylococcus aureus had the highest zone of inhibition for pulp having a range of 9.7mm±0.58mm - 19.7mm±2.52mm while Penicllium notatum had the least with 0.00mm. S.aureus also had the highest zone of inhibition range of 14.3mm±2.08mm - 21.3mm±1.53mm for the seed extract while penicillium had the least inhibition range of 5.0mm±1.00mm - 5.7mm±0.58. E.coli showed the highest minimum inhibitory concentration with ethanol extract of the pulp (160mg/ml) while penicillium notatum was not reactive. The minimum inhibitory concentration of seed against penillium notatum was the highest (160mg/ml) while staphylococcus aureus showed the lowest of 40mg/ml. The antimicrobial activity is as a result of the presence of phytochemicals detected, which suggest the use of the plant for the treatment of diseases caused by these organisms. Key words: Cola millenii, Phytochemical, Antimicrobial activity, Bacteria, Fungi

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Modulatory antimicrobial activity of piper arboreum extracts

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.2478/botcro-2013-0026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 303-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Saulo R. Tintino ◽

Celestina E. S. Souza ◽

Gláucia M. M. Guedes ◽

Jaqueline I. V. Costa ◽

Francisco M. Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Natural Products ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antifungal Drugs ◽

Synergistic Activity ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Antibiotic Drugs ◽

Pharmacological Targets ◽

Microbial Infections

AbstractThe side effects of certain antibiotics have been a recent dilemma in the medical arena. Due this fact, the necessity of natural product discovery could provide important indications against several pharmacological targets and combat many infectious agents. Piper arboreum Aub. (Piperaceae) has been used by Brazilian traditional communities against several illnesses including rheumatism, bronchitis, sexually transmitted diseases and complaints of the urinary tract. Medicinal plants are a source of several remedies used in clinical practice to combat microbial infections. In this study, ethanol extract and fractions of Piper arboreum leaves were used to assay antimicrobial and modulatory activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution method of ethanol extract and fractions from the leaves of P. arboreum ranging between 8 and 1024 μg mL-1. The capacity of these natural products to enhance the activity of antibiotic and antifungal drugs was also assayed. In these tests, natural products were combined with drugs. The natural products assayed did not demonstrate any clinically relevant antimicrobial activity (MIC ≥ 1024 μg mL-1). However, the modulation of antibiotic activity assay observed a synergistic activity of natural products combined with antifungal (such as nystatin and amphotericin B) and antibiotic drugs (such as amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin). According to these results, these natural products can be an interesting alternative not only to combat infectious diseases caused by bacteria or fungi, but also to combat enhanced resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic and antifungal drugs.

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