Commons within areas designated for nature conservation: the map of commons of the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park

The aim of the publication was to assess the geotourist attractiveness of protected areas in Poland among weekend tourists based on the example of Gorczański National Park. The park location near urbanized areas makes it an attractive field for research on weekend tourism development. The tourist potential of the park is presented, starting from geological aspects and geotourist values. Then, the tourist potential was analysed, with a focus on geotourist resources, which include tourist trails and didactic routes. The tourist traffic volume was also examined. On the basis of legal documents, such as nature conservation plans, threats related to tourism development in protected areas were presented as indicated by park managers. In accordance with the Act on Nature Conservation, the threats are divided into four groups: internal existing and potential threats and external existing and potential threats. The tourists’ opinion on the geotourist attractiveness of the park was investigated with surveys conducted during selected weekends significant in the context of tourist traffic volume. Thus, a profile of people visiting the park for short stays was obtained, as well as their assessment of the tourist resources of the area, with particular emphasis on geotourist values.

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DOMESTICATION, DEGENERATION, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ADDO ELEPHANT NATIONAL PARK IN SOUTH AFRICA, 1910s–1930s

The Historical Journal ◽

10.1017/s0018246x19000761 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

JULES SKOTNES-BROWN

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Nature Conservation ◽

National Park ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Artificial Feeding ◽

Game Reserve ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This article examines conflict between farmers and elephants in the Addo region in 1910s–1930s South Africa to explore the porosity of the concepts ‘wild’, ‘tame’, and ‘domestic’, and their relationship to race, degeneration, nature conservation, and colonialism. In the 1910s, settler farmers indicted the ‘Addo Elephants’, as ‘vicious’ thieves who raided crops and ‘hunted’ farmers. This view conflicted with a widespread perception of elephants as docile, sagacious, and worthy of protection. Seeking to reconcile these views, bureaucrats were divided between exterminating the animals, creating a game reserve, and drawing upon the expertise of Indian mahouts to domesticate them. Ultimately, all three options were attempted: the population was decimated by hunter Phillip Jacobus Pretorius, an elephant reserve was created, the animals were tamed to ‘lose their fear of man’ and fed oranges. Despite the presence of tame elephants and artificial feeding, the reserve was publicized as a natural habitat, and a window onto the prehistoric. This was not paradoxical but provokes a need to rethink the relationship between wildness, tameness, and domesticity. These concepts were not implicitly opposed but existed on a spectrum paralleling imperialist hierarchies of civilization, race, and evolution, upon which tame elephants could still be considered wild.

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Re-establishment of Park Nature Conservation Area in Bukhansan (Mt.) National Park Using Marxan with Zones

Journal of Environmental Science International ◽

10.5322/jesi.2017.26.2.133 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 133-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jung-Hun Yeum ◽

Bong-Ho Han

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

National Park ◽

Conservation Area

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The Making of a National Park: Ruins of Nature and History in Northern Dobrudja

East European Politics and Societies and Cultures ◽

10.1177/0888325417703185 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 596-614

Author(s):

Calin Cotoi

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Political Ecology ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Analytical Potential ◽

The Social ◽

Social Construction Of Nature ◽

Critical Discourses ◽

Gain Access

After 1990, nature conservation areas multiplied all over Central and Eastern Europe. National parks came into being as part of a dramatically changing society, economy, and culture. Scholarly efforts to understand national parks rely either on arguments about the social construction of nature or on political ecology. In this article, I attempt to point to the analytical potential of the literature on ruins for expanding studies carried out in both theoretical traditions. I draw from fieldwork in nature conservation areas in southeastern Romania to explore how actors gain access to critical discourses and complex ways of narrating and enrolling the landscapes. The mechanisms that counterpoise safeguarding and development are analyzed as parts of a longue durée articulation of ruination and modernization.

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The Carmel Fire and Its Conservation Repercussions

International Journal of Wildland Fire ◽

10.1071/wf9970277 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 277 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

UN Safriel

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

National Park ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Fire Prevention ◽

Public Concern ◽

Dynamic Nature ◽

Minimal Intervention ◽

Conservation And Management

The forest fire in Mt. Carmel National Park in Israel in 1989 resembled the 1988 fire in Yellowstone Park in that public concern motivated the authorities to appoint professional committees to assess rehabilitation options and fire policies. The committees re-evaluated the goals and practices of nature conservation and management in protected areas, in a much broader context than just fire prevention. The recognition of the dynamic nature of ecosystems, the low predictability of their behaviour, and the role of fire as a disturbance agent that promotes biodiversity, contributed to recommendations of minimal intervention, allowing self-regeneration. The Israeli committee commissioned an interdisciplinary-research program designed to direct post-fire and fire-reduction management, and provide insights for planning for the region as a biosphere reserve. The results of this three-year program are reported in this issue.

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WildCountry

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc030221 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 221 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Harry F. Recher

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

New South ◽

New South Wales ◽

Term Survival ◽

South Wales ◽

Reserve System

REGARDLESS of the merits and values of individual national parks and nature reserves, Australia's conservation reserves do not ensure the survival of the continent's biota. There are many reasons for this. Reserves, even the largest, are too small and vulnerable to broad area disturbance. Consider that, in January 2003, fires burnt more than two-thirds of Kosciuszko National Park, which at 690 000 ha is the largest park in New South Wales and one of the largest in Australia. This shows how even the largest conservation reserves are at risk of catastrophic disturbance. The much smaller Nadgee Nature Reserve (21 000 ha) in southeastern New South Wales has burnt almost in its entirety twice in the 35 years I have worked there. The Nadgee fires and those in Kosciuszko were started by lightning and were the result of prolonged drought, events common across the continent. When small size is coupled with isolation, the long-term survival of populations and the exchange of propagules within the reserve system becomes problematical. Small size and isolation do not leave much scope for plants and animals to adapt to long-term climate change, either through dispersal or by evolution. Even reserving 10 or 15% of land for nature conservation, as recommended by some international conservation agencies, will be inadequate; a target of 30% would have better ecological credentials, but even this could prove inadequate unless the nature conservation reserve system was designed to allow for long-term evolutionary change, which it is not (see Archer 2002; Recher 2002a,b).

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Features Of The Legal Regime Of National Parks Under The Legislation Of The Republic Of Poland

Actual problems of improving of current legislation of Ukraine ◽

10.15330/apiclu.50.119-132 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 119-132

Author(s):

N.R. Kobetska

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Real Estate ◽

National Parks ◽

National Park ◽

Private Property ◽

State Ownership ◽

Private Land ◽

Legal Regime ◽

Problematic Issue ◽

The Republic

The article presents an analysis of one of the oldest and most important forms of nature conservation - National Parks, and their regulation in the legislation of the Republic of Poland. The material is based on the systematic interpretation of the Law of the Republic of Poland «On Nature Conservation», the analysis of scientific literature and the identification of some problematic issues of implementation of the prescriptions of the legislation in practice. Much attention is paid to the theoretical characteristics of National Parks, their place among other forms of nature conservation in Poland, the functions they perform. The issues of creation of the National Park, the regime of management of its territory, organization and zoning of the National Park have been consistently revealed. It also analyzes the bans fixed within the National Park and ensures its protection against external adverse effects. Problematic issues are raised related to the removal of land and real estate from private owners, the achievement of a compromise between private economic interests and public environmental interests. A comparison of the basics of functioning of National Parks in Poland and Ukraine is also partly presented. The author focuses on the differences in the legal regime of national nature parks under the legislation of Ukraine and Poland. The Polish legislation does not distinguish as an independent recreational function and does not allocate separate recreational functions within the national park. At the same time, the organization of tourist routes and the provision of conditions for visiting the park is one of the tasks and a significant source of revenue for the national parks of Poland, and the number of visitors many times exceeds their number in the territories of the national parks of Ukraine. In the territory of the national parks of Poland (as in Ukraine) a combination of exclusive state ownership (in Ukraine - the property of the Ukrainian people) and private property is possible. At the same time, as in Ukraine, the most problematic issue is the acquisition of ownership of real estate (including private land) when creating or expanding the territory of national parks.

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