Privacy and New Technologies: The Limits of Traditional Research Ethics

2014 ◽  
pp. 537-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C. Burbules
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Traditional Research

An Ethics Framework for a Learning Health Care System: A Departure from Traditional Research Ethics and Clinical Ethics

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (s1) ◽  
pp. S16-S27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth R. Faden ◽  
Nancy E. Kass ◽  
Steven N. Goodman ◽  
Peter Pronovost ◽  
Sean Tunis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Ethics ◽  
Ethics Framework ◽  
System A ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Learning Health Care System ◽  
Care System

scholarly journals Digitization, Vulnerability, and Holocaust Collections

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-118
Author(s):  
Malin Thor Tureby ◽  
Kristin Wagrell
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Research Ethics ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Structural Approach ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Archival Practices

Although digitization has become a word that is almost synonymous with democratization and citizen participation, many museums and other cultural heritage institutions have found it difficult to live up to this political vision of inclusivity and access for all. In Sweden, political ambitions to digitize the cultural heritage sector are high. Yet, institutions still struggle to reconcile their previous practices with new technologies and ethical guidelines for collecting and curating material. In this article we identify, analyse, and try to find resolutions for the current gap that exists between cultural heritage practice and government policy on digitization, open access, and research ethics. By examining two Swedish examples of Holocaust collections that have not been digitized because of internal policies of secrecy and confidentiality, we attempt to demonstrate how discourses about vulnerability affect the ways in which certain archival practices resist policies of accessibility and ethical research. In order to unpack the discourses on vulnerability, Carol Bacchi’s post-structural approach to policy analysis has been used together with Judith Butler’s theories on vulnerability and resistance. In addition to understanding how cultural heritage institutions in Sweden have protected some of their collections and how this has obstructed efforts to make these collections more accessible, we also offer some suggestions on how these issues can be resolved by reimagining digitization as transformation.

Sociological Research Ethics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farida Fozdar ◽  
Mark Israel
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Online Data ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
Social Governance ◽  
Governance Strategy ◽  
Governance Models

Sociology has been at the forefront of scholarly debate about how to engage in social research ethically. This chapter considers sociology’s contribution to some of the key contemporary debates in this area. It begins with an outline of philosophical approaches to the ethics of undertaking social research, considering how these have been applied in sociological research. It also engages with the question of ethics governance models. The chapter then focuses on five established and emerging areas of ethical debate: the nature and formalization of consent; the use of new technologies and online data; the complexities of data sharing; the growing impact of insights from intercultural and indigenous research; and issues in autoethnography. It concludes with a question about the wider implications of sociological research as a social governance strategy.

scholarly journals New Non-Validated Practice: An Enhanced Definition of Innovative Practice for Medicine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Mastroleo ◽  
Felicitas Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
Innovative Practice ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Multiple Meanings ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Right To Try Laws

A significant part of the literature on innovative practice in medicine relates to seizing opportunities and curbing harms for patients in desperate situations. Unfortunately, the term innovation has multiple meanings and a rich rhetorical flourish that adds confusion and misunderstanding to an already difficult debate. This paper aims to enhance the current definition of innovative practice for medicine. First, we replace the term innovation with the more literal of new non-validated practice. To identify this meaning, we analyse the traditional research ethics’ distinction between research, validated practice, and innovation in the Belmont Report. Second, we propose the following explicit definition of new non-validated practice: the first or recent use of diagnostic, therapeutic or preventive interventions that introduce a significant change, with an insufficient level of evidence of safety or efficacy for regular healthcare, and with the main aim to benefit individual patients. This definition is a promising conceptual tool to inform empirical research, ethicists, and the harmonization of its regulation and legislation (e.g. right-to-try laws).

scholarly journals Recognising influence: helping authors of non-traditional research outputs evidence the reach and potential impacts of their work

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Bucknell
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Primary Form

New technologies and the underlying scholarly structure mean that it is now easier than ever to track and report on the online activity surrounding scholarly articles. But how can these methods and tools be adapted to provide similar benefits for scholars who do not consider the journal article their primary form of output, and what challenges are associated with that? This poster will present some of the early developments in this area, and detail how the data might bring future benefits for researchers in a variety of disciplines.

Are research ethics guidelines culturally competent?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Gray ◽  
Jo Hilder ◽  
Lindsay Macdonald ◽  
Rachel Tester ◽  
Anthony Dowell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Ethics Guidelines ◽  
Research Ethics Guidelines

Research ethics guidelines grew out of several infamous episodes where research subjects were exploited. There is significant international synchronization of guidelines. However, indigenous groups in New Zealand, Canada and Australia have criticized these guidelines as being inadequate for research involving indigenous people and have developed guidelines from their own cultural perspectives. Whilst traditional research ethics guidelines place a lot of emphasis on informed consent, these indigenous guidelines put much greater emphasis on interdependence and trust. This article argues that traditional guidelines are premised on relationships of equal power, and that often the researcher has more power that is not fully equalized by providing information. Where there is a relationship of unequal power, then focusing on interdependence and trust is more likely to achieve ethical safety. We illustrate this thesis by describing the detail of a research project looking at the use of interpreters, where we video-recorded live consultations and then interviewed the patient, interpreter and doctor. We conclude by suggesting that mainstream research ethics guidelines should pay more attention to the development of a trustworthy relationship between subject and researcher, and that, following the lead from clinical medicine, we should develop a culturally competent ethical framework for research on human subjects.

scholarly journals Qualitative accounting research in the time of COVID-19 – changes, challenges and opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Molinari ◽  
Charl de Villiers
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Purpose COVID-19 restrictions have severely impacted access to the traditional data and data sources used by qualitative researchers. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the corresponding challenges and opportunities of conducting qualitative research in accounting. Design/methodology/approach This study highlights the opportunities opened up by the way the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting qualitative accounting research, discussing the most common qualitative accounting research methods, practices and techniques used during the different phases of research. Findings The COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping some of the traditional research methods, practices and techniques in qualitative accounting research. Particularly, academic researchers who are reluctant to use the new technologies need to adapt their research approach, deal with the new challenges and exploit the opportunities to conduct research in a COVID-19 environment. Some changes in research methods, practices and techniques will affect accounting research in the long term. Research limitations/implications This paper could be a valuable resource for qualitative accounting researchers. Originality/value This paper is one of the first to focus on the changes, challenges and opportunities for conducting qualitative accounting research in a COVID-19 setting. As such, this paper could be a valuable resource for different types of qualitative accounting researchers, specifically the discussion of ways to deal with the changes and challenges, as well as the opportunities, as summarised in the table.

scholarly journals What Research Ethics Should Learn from Genomics and Society Research: Lessons from the ELSI Congress of 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail E. Henderson ◽  
Eric T. Juengst ◽  
Nancy M. P. King ◽  
Kristine Kuczynski ◽  
Marsha Michie
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Genomic Research ◽  
Return Of Results ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Society Research

In much the same way that genomic technologies are changing the complexion of biomedical research, the issues they generate are changing the agenda of IRBs and research ethics. Many of the biggest challenges facing traditional research ethics today — privacy and confidentiality of research subjects; ownership, control, and sharing of research data; return of results and incidental findings; the relevance of group interests and harms; the scope of informed consent; and the relative importance of the therapeutic misconception — have become important policy issues over the last 20 years because of the ways they have been magnified by genomic research efforts. Research that examines the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of human genomics research has become a burgeoning international field of scholarship over the last 20 years, thanks in part to its support first by the genome research funding bodies in the U.S. and then by national science agencies in other countries.

Principles of Low-Vacuum SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1304-1305
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Specimen Surface ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Gaseous Environment ◽  
New Information ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
New Interactions ◽  
Gas Pressures

Only recently it became possible to expand scanning electron microscopy to low vacuum and atmospheric pressure through the introduction of several new technologies. In principle, only the specimen is provided with a controlled gaseous environment while the optical microscope column is kept at high vacuum. In the specimen chamber, the gas can generate new interactions with i) the probe electrons, ii) the specimen surface, and iii) the specimen-specific signal electrons. The results of these interactions yield new information about specimen surfaces not accessible to conventional high vacuum SEM. Several microscope types are available differing from each other by the maximum available gas pressure and the types of signals which can be used for investigation of specimen properties.Electrical non-conductors can be easily imaged despite charge accumulations at and beneath their surface. At high gas pressures between 10-2 and 2 torr, gas molecules are ionized in the electrical field between the specimen surface and the surrounding microscope parts through signal electrons and, to a certain extent, probe electrons. The gas provides a stable ion flux for a surface charge equalization if sufficient gas ions are provided.

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