scholarly journals Trends in daily precipitation in highlands region of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eder Alexandre Schatz Sá ◽  
Carolina Natel de Moura ◽  
Victor Luís Padilha ◽  
Claudia Guimarães Camargo Campos
Keyword(s):  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Rainfall Anomaly ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Weather Stations

This study evaluates the occurrence of trends in time series of precipitation in the highlands region of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Daily precipitation data of three weather stations at Lages, São Joaquim and Campos Novos were used to evaluate rainfall trends. The trends were analyzed through the Seasonal Mann Kendall test, to include occurrence of maximum annual 1-day precipitation (RX1), maximum annual consecutive 2-day precipitation (RX2) and maximum annual consecutive 3-day precipitation (RX3) and evaluation of Rainfall Anomaly Index (RAI). Trends were identified in two of three weather stations investigated. Positive precipitation trends were found in the spring and winter for Lages, and in the spring and summer for São Joaquim. Also, there is a trend of increase in the RX1, RX2 and RX3 frequencies and an increase in positive anomalies in the last decade for these stations. There are no statistically significant trends in the precipitation of Campos Novos, which may be associated with the short series of available data for the analysis. The occurrence of El Niño phenomenon with moderate to strong intensity was usually associated with the occurrence of positive precipitation anomalies and the La Niña phenomenon was related to the occurrence of negative anomalies. However, the influence of La Niña in the periods of negative anomaly has been reduced since the beginning of the 21st century.

scholarly journals Identificação das causas climáticas dos eventos extremos e dos impactos dos ENOS Canônico e Modoki nas macrorregiões de Alagoas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1880-1897
Author(s):  
Djane Fonseca Da Silva ◽  
Pedro Fernandes de Souza Neto ◽  
Silvania Donato da Silva ◽  
Maria José da Silva Lima ◽  
Iara Bezerra da Silva Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
El Nino ◽  
The State ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Equatorial Pacific Ocean ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data

Anomalies of sea surface temperature that occur in some regions of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean are being studied because their cause different impacts and originate in different ways, are the ENOS, Modoki and Canonical. The objective of this work is to identify the climatic causes of the extreme events that occurred in the macro-regions of Alagoas, and at the same time, to compare the effects of ENOS Canonical and Modoki and their classes on the macro-regions of Alagoas. The daily precipitation data for 21 municipalities in the State of Alagoas were obtained through the National Water Agency from 1963 to 2014. EN Modoki and low promoted an increase in rainfall in the Eastern region. EN Fortes, on the other hand, caused a decrease in rainfall in the Sertão. Canonical LN events caused a significant increase in rainfall in the three macro-regions, but the effect was better in LN Forte. During the phases of the Atlantic Dipole, the negative phase generated positive SPI across the state, and in the positive phase, there was a decrease in SPI in the East, and a negative SPI record in Sertão and Agreste. The climatic causes of the extreme events were the combination of semiannual, interannual scales, scale between 1-2 years of ENOS, scale of ENOS extended and scale of 11 years (Dipole and sunspots), potentiating the local total rainfall, and for cases of drought , your absence. It was found, through cluster analysis, similarity between the SPIs of La Niña low and La Niña Canonical, and between El Niño Canonical is linked to El Niño Forte. Mathematically, the categories of El Niño and La Niña strong and weak showed better correlations with ENOS Modoki and Canonical, suggesting a pattern for Alagoas.

scholarly journals Precipitation Anomalies in Southern Brazil Associated with El Niño and La Niña Events

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2863-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice M. Grimm ◽  
Simone E. T. Ferraz ◽  
Júlio Gomes
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies

scholarly journals Diversity of East China Summer Rainfall Change in Post-El Niño Summers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhang ◽  
Xiaoye Zhou ◽  
Pang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Fei Liu
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
North China ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
La Niña ◽  
East China ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Huaihe River Valley ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Cluster 2

East China has experienced positive precipitation anomalies in post-El Niño summers, mainly in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley. This kind of monsoonal rainfall change induced by El Niño, however, is not always the same due to El Niño diversity and mean state change. Here, we use cluster analysis on the post-El Niño (PE) East China summer precipitation anomalies to identify the diversity of this El Niño-induced monsoon change. The result shows that PE East China summer rainfall anomalies mainly display three different modes for all selected 20 El Niño events from 1957 to 2016. Cluster 1 shows the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River demonstrate strong wet anomalies, while South and North China are dominated by dry anomalies, similar to a sandwich mode. Cluster 2 is distinguished by dry anomalies over South China and wet anomalies over North China, exhibiting a dipole mode. Compared with Cluster 1, the change caused by Cluster 3 is different, showing negative anomalies over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley. The three clusters are correlated with successive events of El Niño, a quick transfer to a strong La Niña and a quick transfer to a weak La Niña respectively. The associated anomalous anticyclone (AAC) focuses on (120°E, 20°N) in Cluster 1, which expands southward for Cluster 2 and moves eastward for Cluster 3. The feedback of AAC-sea surface temperature (SST) mainly works for supporting the AAC in Cluster 1, but it is weak for Cluster 2; the strong easterly anomalies related to La Niña contribute to the AAC location change for Cluster 2. Both AAC-SST feedback and easterly anomalies support the AAC of Cluster 3. The CMIP5 output can capture these diverse responses in circulation except that their simulated AAC for Cluster 1 is significant to the east of the observed.

scholarly journals A Variabilidade Climática e os Desastres Naturais no Estado do Ceará (1991-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Aurélio da Silva Lima ◽  
Marcos Antônio Tavares Lira
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
La Nina

Resumo O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi discutir como os desastres naturais identificados no Estado do Ceará se relacionam com a variabilidade climática, destacando-se aqueles associados à precipitação, no período de 1991 a 2019. No que alude à metodologia, adotou-se pesquisa descritiva, explicativa e de natureza qualitativa-quantitativa. Tratou-se de um estudo de caso, cuja técnica de coletas de dados partiu de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. A análise de dados foi feita a partir da estatística multivariada, por meio de regressão não-linear e coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. Os dados climáticos foram obtidos, principalmente, a partir da Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (FUNCEME), já os registros de desastres, através da Coordenadoria Estadual de Defesa Civil do Ceará (CEDEC-CE) e Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os desastres naturais com maior número de registros foram as estiagens e secas, correlacionando-se de forma alta e negativa com as chuvas, associando-se ao fenômeno El Niño e/ou às condições oceano-atmosféricas desfavoráveis às chuvas do Atlântico tropical. Já as inundações, as enxurradas, os alagamentos e as chuvas intensas constituíram o segundo grupo de tipificações de desastres examinados, correlacionando-se de forma moderada e positiva com as chuvas, associando-se ao fenômeno La Niña e/ou às condições oceano-atmosféricas favoráveis às chuvas do Atlântico tropical. Logo, concluiu-se que há uma tendência de aumento do número de desastres naturais no Ceará, os quais estão relacionados com a variabilidade climática.

scholarly journals On the influences of the El Niño, La niña and Atlantic Dipole Paterni on the Amazonian Rainfall during 1960-1998

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everaldo B de SOUZA ◽  
Mary T KAYANO ◽  
Julio TOTA ◽  
Luciano PEZZI ◽  
Gilberto FISCH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Dipole Pattern ◽  
Sst Anomalies

The influence of the large-scale climatic variability dominant modes in the Pacific and in the Atlantic on Amazonian rainfall is investigated. The composite technique of the Amazon precipitation anomalies is used in this work. The basis years for these composites arc those in the period 1960-1998 with occurrences of extremes in the Southern Oscillation (El Niño or La Niña) and the north/south warm (or cold) sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies dipole pattern in the tropical Atlantic. Warm (cold) dipole means positive (negative) anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic and negative (positive) anomalies in the tropical South Atlantic. Austral summer and autumn composites for extremes in the Southern Oscillation (El Niño or La Niña) and independently for north/south dipole pattern (warm or cold) of the SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic present values (magnitude and sign) consistent with those found in previous works on the relationship between Amazon rainfall variations and the SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific and Atlantic. However, austral summer and autumn composites for the years with simultaneous occurrences of El Niño and warm north/south dipole of the SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic show negative precipitation anomalies extending eastward over the center-eastern Amazon. This result indicates the important role played by the tropical Atlantic in the Amazon anomalous rainfall distribution.

scholarly journals Investigação da Influência do El Niño e da La Niña Sobre a Variabilidade da Precipitação na Cidade de Patos, Paraíba.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Shayenny Alves de Medeiros ◽  
Raul Araújo da Nóbrega ◽  
João Miguel De Moraes Neto ◽  
Aldinete Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Gleyka Nóbrega Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Total Data ◽  
State Water ◽  
Annual Total ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies

A área de interesse para este estudo foi o município Patos- PB, onde foram utilizados dados totais mensais e anuais (1960-2019) da precipitação, disponibilizados pela Superintendência do Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (SUDENE) e pela Agência Executiva de Gestão das Águas do Estado da Paraíba (AESA). Os dados foram utilizados para estudar a variabilidade da chuva, investigando as anomalias de precipitação em anos de ocorrência El Niño e La Niña. A Técnica utilizada foi a dos Percentis que determinou a classe pluviométrica da precipitação caracterizando os totais nas seguintes classes: Muito Seco (MS), Seco (S), Normal (N), Chuvoso (CH) e Muito Chuvoso (MC). Os resultados destacam os meses de janeiro a abril com as máximas precipitações mensais, representando 86,85% do total anual esperado, e os meses de menor ocorrência de chuvas são de agosto a outubro. Foi utilizada a técnica do Desvio Padronizado de Precipitação (DPP) para investigar a existência de influência dos eventos El Niño e La Niña, na variabilidade das precipitações. Os (DPP) mensais apresentam valores negativos e positivos, entre -1,71 e 5,62. Observou-se que os DPP negativos predominam tanto na época de El Niño (70,21%) quanto de La Niña (59,09%), não representando uma evidência significativa da influência dos fenômenos sobre a variabilidade da chuva.  Investigation of the Influence of El Niño and La Niña on the Variability of Precipitation in the City of Patos, ParaíbaA B S T R A C TThe area of interest for this study was the municipality of Patos-PB, where were used monthly and annual total data (1960-2019) of rainfall, provided by the Northeast Development Superintendence (SUDENE) and the Executive State Water Management Agency Paraíba. Data were used to study rainfall variability, investigating precipitation anomalies in years of occurrence El Niño and La Niña. The technique used was the Percentiles that determined the rainfall class characterizing the totals in the following classes: Very Dry (VD), Dry (D), Normal (N), Rainy (R) and Very Rainy (VR). The results highlight the months from January to April with the highest monthly rainfall, representing 86.85% of the expected annual total, and the months with the lowest rainfall are from August to October. The Standardized Precipitation Deviation (SPD) technique was used to investigate the influence of El Niño and La Niña events on precipitation variability. The monthly (SPD) values  are negative and positive, between -1.71 and 5.62. When analyzing the DPPs separately for the years with the occurrence of the events El Niño and La Niña, it is concluded that there is a predominance of negative DPPs with annual averages of 70.21 and 59.09% respectively, thus, not representing significant evidence of the influence of phenomena on rainfall variability.Keywords: Rainfall, Quantis, Standard Deviation 

scholarly journals ORBITAL AND SURFACE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION COMPARED TO FAO-56 STANDARD IN STATE OF ACRE

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-559
Author(s):  
Rafael Coll Delgado ◽  
Leonardo Paula de Souza ◽  
Marcos Gervásio Pereira ◽  
Catherine Torres de Almeida ◽  
Rafael De Ávila Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The State ◽  
La Niña ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Weather Stations

ORBITAL AND SURFACE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION COMPARED TO FAO-56 STANDARD IN STATE OF ACRE  RAFAEL COLL DELGADO1; LEONARDO PAULA DE SOUZA2; MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA3; CATHERINE TORRES DE ALMEIDA4 E RAFAEL DE ÁVILA RODRIGUES5 1Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Professor Doutor do Instituto de Florestas, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, UFRRJ, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil, [email protected]; 2Universidade Federal do Acre, Professor Doutor do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Natureza, UFAC, CEP 69.920-900, Rio Branco, AC, Brasil,  [email protected];   3Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Professor Doutor do Departamento de Solos, UFRRJ, CEP 23890-000, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil,  [email protected];4Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Doutoranda em Sensoriamento Remoto, INPE, CEP 65250-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brasil, [email protected];5Universidade Federal de Goiás, Professor Doutor da Unidade Acadêmica Especial, Instituto de Geografia, UFG, CEP 75704-020, Catalão, GO, Brasil, [email protected].  1 ABSTRACT Evapotranspiration is a critical component of the hydrological and life cycles, with a major impact on water consumption by the population, agricultural activities, and the global climate. This study aims to compare the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) eight different empirical methods with the FAO-56 standard, using orbital and surface data for the years 2003 and 2008 in the State of Acre. For surface data methods, the Irmak-2 and Val-4 showed a higher performance and the Alexandris method showed the worst performance compared with the FAO-56 standard. The spatial distribution of ETo derived of the orbital data method were compared based on the annual mean, presenting lower ETo (2.26 mm d-1) in 2003 and higher average (3.94 mm d-1) in 2008. This interannual variability of ETo may be associated with moderate El Niño events in 2003 and strong La Niña in 2008. The statistical analysis showed satisfactory results of the evapotranspiration mean values for the years 2003 and 2008 obtained by MODIS sensor data, but it is important to have a greater representation of weather stations in the state for future studies. The results serve as a subsidy for water demand estimates of vegetation, as well for biomass productivity and changing landscape studies. Keywords: orbital platforms, water availability, weather stations.  DELGADO, R. C.; SOUZA, L. P.; PEREIRA, M. G.; ALMEIDA, C. T.; RODRIGUES, R. A. EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO ORBITAL E DE SUPERFÍCIE COMPARADOS AO PADRÃO FAO-56 NO ESTADO DO ACRE  2 RESUMO A Evapotranspiração é um componente crítico do ciclo hidrológico e da vida, com grande impacto no consumo de água pela população, em atividades agrícolas e no clima global. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo comparar a evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) a partir de diferentes métodos ao padrão FAO-56, utilizando dados orbitais e de superfície para os anos de 2003 e 2008 no Estado do Acre. Para os dados de superfície, o Irmak-2 e o Val-4 mostraram um maior desempenho e o método proposto por Alexandris o pior desempenho em comparação ao padrão FAO-56. A distribuição espacial dos valores de ETo foi comparada com base nos valores médios anuais, sendo que o período de 2003 apresentou ETo mais baixa (2.26 mm d-1) e o ano de 2008 os valores mais elevados (3.94 mm d-1). Esta variabilidade de ETo pode estar associada aos eventos de El Niño moderado em 2003 e La Niña forte em 2008. A análise estatística apresentou resultados satisfatórios dos valores médios para os anos de 2003 e 2008 de evapotranspiração obtidos pelo sensor MODIS, porém é importante que haja uma maior representativadade das EMS no estado para estudos futuros. Os resultados servem como subsídio para estimativas de demanda hídrica da vegetação, como também para estudos de produtividade de fitomassa e mudança da paisagem. Palavras-Chave: plataformas orbitais, disponibilidade de água, estações meteorológicas.

scholarly journals Stochastic Multisite Generation of Daily Precipitation Data Using Spatial Autocorrelation

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malika Khalili ◽  
Robert Leconte ◽  
François Brissette
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Daily Precipitation ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Stochastic Weather Generator ◽  
Daily Precipitation Data ◽  
Precipitation Processes ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Spatial Moving Average

Abstract There are a number of stochastic models that simulate weather data required for various water resources applications in hydrology, agriculture, ecosystem, and climate change studies. However, many of them ignore the dependence between station locations exhibited by the observed meteorological time series. This paper proposes a multisite generation approach of daily precipitation data based on the concept of spatial autocorrelation. This theory refers to spatial dependence between observations with respect to their geographical adjacency. In hydrometeorology, spatial autocorrelation can be computed to describe daily dependence between the weather stations through the use of a spatial weight matrix, which defines the degree of significance of the weather stations surrounding each observation. The methodology is based on the use of the spatial moving average process to generate spatially autocorrelated random numbers that will be used in a stochastic weather generator. The resulting precipitation processes satisfy the daily spatial autocorrelations computed using the observed data. Monthly relationships between the spatial moving average coefficients and daily spatial autocorrelations of the precipitation processes have been developed to find the spatial moving average coefficients that reproduce the observed daily spatial autocorrelations in the synthetic precipitation processes. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, seven stations in the Peribonca River basin in the Canadian province of Quebec were used. The daily spatial autocorrelations of both precipitation occurrences and amounts were adequately reproduced, as well as the total monthly precipitations, the number of rainy days per month, and the daily precipitation variance. Using appropriate weight matrices, the proposed multisite approach permits one not only to reproduce the spatial autocorrelation of precipitation between the set of stations, but also the interstation correlation of precipitation between each pair of stations.

scholarly journals Combined Impacts of PDO and Two Types of La Niña on Climate Anomalies in Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 3253-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoyi Ding ◽  
Wen Chen ◽  
Juan Feng ◽  
Hans-F. Graf
Keyword(s):  
La Niña ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Climate Anomalies ◽  
La Nina ◽  
Flow Interaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Nao Pattern

Combined impacts of the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and two types of La Niña on climate anomalies in Europe are studied. Particularly, the conjunction of the negative PDO phase and two different types of La Niña events favors strong and significant North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) pattern anomalies with opposite polarity. For the central Pacific (CP) La Niña, a clear positive NAO signal can be detected, which is accompanied by positive surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly and a dipolar structure of precipitation anomalies in Europe. In addition, a typical negative Pacific–North America (PNA) teleconnection pattern forms, including a high pressure anomaly over the southeastern United States, which may contribute to the development and maintenance of the NAO anomaly by strengthening the baroclinicity and the local eddy–mean flow interaction. However, for the eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña, a zonal wave train in the high latitudes can be observed, which is quite different from the typical PNA structure. Here, an anomalous anticyclone over southern Greenland supports a negative NAO pattern through the local eddy–mean flow interaction and the associated vorticity advection. Hence, reversed SAT and precipitation anomalies occur over Europe. Further analyses indicate that the wave trains emanating from the North Pacific and the synoptic eddy–mean flow interaction play essential roles in forming the anomalous NAO phases. The different wave trains for the CP and EP La Niña events may be attributed to the differences in the location and intensity of anomalous convection induced by different types of SST anomaly as well as by the corresponding background westerly wind anomalies in the upper troposphere.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document