Circulating Immune Complex Levels are Associated with Disease Severity and Seasonality in Children with Malaria from Mali

Complement receptor one (CR1) is essential for removing circulating immune complexes (CIC), with malaria infection contributing to the formation of large amounts of CIC. We investigated CIC levels in children with malaria, of varying severity and seasonality. Two hundred age and sex-matched severe and mild malaria cases were studied during and after active disease. Pediatric controls had increased CIC levels (mean = 32 μg mEq/mL) compared to adult controls (mean = 26.9 μg mEq/mL). The highest levels of CIC were reported in severe malaria (mean = 39 μg mEq/mL). Higher levels of CIC were recorded in younger children and those with low E-CR1 copy numbers. Our data suggest that low levels of E-CR1 copy numbers, found in children with severe malaria, may adversely affect the ability to remove IC. Furthermore, the high background for circulating immune complex imply that Malian children are under constant assault by other pathogens that evoke a strong immune response.

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Malaria Infection in Mice. Plasmodium Berghei Infection in Mice: A Model for Immune Complex Disease and Autoimmunity

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Function and Structure of the Immune System ◽

10.1007/978-1-4615-9101-6_106 ◽

1979 ◽

pp. 647-654

Author(s):

Lambert G. Poels ◽

Catherine C. van Niekerk ◽

Christoph R. Jerusalem ◽

J. Agterberg ◽

E. H. van Elven

Keyword(s):

Immune Complex ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Immune Complex Disease

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Role of Platelet Indices as a Potential Marker for Malaria Severity

Journal of Parasitology Research ◽

10.1155/2021/5531091 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Biruk Bayleyegn ◽

Fikir Asrie ◽

Aregawi Yalew ◽

Berhanu Woldu

Keyword(s):

Severe Malaria ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Warning Signs ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Platelet Indices ◽

Potential Marker ◽

Immature Platelet Fraction ◽

Platelet Parameter ◽

Malaria Severity

Purpose. Platelet parameter alteration such as platelet count and platelet indices are more common than in other blood cell lines due to diverse causative pathophysiological mechanisms in severe malaria infection. In malaria patients, no more studies evaluated platelet indices in relation to disease severity and prognosis. Therefore, this review assessed the current scientific knowledge on the potential role of platelet indices for the diagnostic marker of severe malaria infection. Results. Hence, after reviewing recent literatures, elevation of mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in addition to decreased plateletcrit and platelet counts is the known potential risk factor associated with warning signs of severe malaria. Thus, thrombocytopenia < 150 × 10 9 / L , MPV ≥ 9.05 fL , and PDW ≥ 14.550 % as well as significantly higher P-LCR and decrease in PCT are shown significant sensitivity and specificity as they are used as diagnostic and prognostic values in severe malaria infection. Conclusion. Platelet indices are useful predictors of malaria severity. Immature platelet fraction (IPF%) is raised in the case of severe malaria, and it was significantly more useful than MPV. Advanced research will further investigate the platelet index abnormality associated with specific age and gender among specific malaria species.

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Experimental Circulating Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis

Uremia Investigation ◽

10.3109/08860228409115842 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 8 (3-4) ◽

pp. 183-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Frederick G. Germuth ◽

Eugene Rodriguez

Keyword(s):

Immune Complex ◽

Immune Complex Glomerulonephritis ◽

Circulating Immune Complex

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A Novel Carbon Monoxide-Releasing Molecule Fully Protects Mice from Severe Malaria

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.05571-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (3) ◽

pp. 1281-1290 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Ana C. Pena ◽

Nuno Penacho ◽

Liliana Mancio-Silva ◽

Rita Neres ◽

João D. Seixas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Severe Malaria ◽

Adjuvant Treatment ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Inhalation Therapy ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Primary Therapy ◽

Content Type

ABSTRACTSevere forms of malaria infection, such as cerebral malaria (CM) and acute lung injury (ALI), are mainly caused by the apicomplexan parasitePlasmodium falciparum. Primary therapy with quinine or artemisinin derivatives is generally effective in controllingP. falciparumparasitemia, but mortality from CM and other forms of severe malaria remains unacceptably high. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a novel carbon monoxide-releasing molecule (CO-RM; ALF492) that fully protects mice against experimental CM (ECM) and ALI. ALF492 enables controlled CO deliveryin vivowithout affecting oxygen transport by hemoglobin, the major limitation in CO inhalation therapy. The protective effect is CO dependent and induces the expression of heme oxygenase-1, which contributes to the observed protection. Importantly, when used in combination with the antimalarial drug artesunate, ALF492 is an effective adjunctive and adjuvant treatment for ECM, conferring protection after the onset of severe disease. This study paves the way for the potential use of CO-RMs, such as ALF492, as adjunctive/adjuvant treatment in severe forms of malaria infection.

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Circulatory hepcidin is associated with the anti-inflammatory response but not with iron or anemic status in childhood malaria

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2012-10-461418 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 121 (15) ◽

pp. 3016-3022 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Florence Burté ◽

Biobele J. Brown ◽

Adebola E. Orimadegun ◽

Wasiu A. Ajetunmobi ◽

Nathaniel K. Afolabi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Cerebral Malaria ◽

Severe Malaria ◽

Severe Malarial Anemia ◽

Key Points ◽

Mild Malaria ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Childhood Malaria ◽

Malarial Anemia

Key Points Hepcidin rises more dramatically in mild malaria than in severe malaria. Hepcidin levels are linked to inflammation, not anemia, in severe malarial anemia and cerebral malaria.

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Evaluation of Angiopoietins 1 and 2 in Malaria-Infested Children

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2020/2169763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

A. O. Oluboyo ◽

S. I. Chukwu ◽

B. O. Oluboyo ◽

O. O. Odewusi

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Severe Malaria ◽

Uncomplicated Malaria ◽

Malaria Infection ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Endothelial Activation ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Blood Cell Counts ◽

Control Serum

Background. Malaria could affect people of all ages, most especially young children. The study evaluated the levels of serum angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) which are critical regulators of endothelial activation and integrity with some hematological parameters (total white blood cell counts (WBC), total red blood cell counts (RBC), platelet counts, and malaria parasite density) in malaria-infected children. Method. A total of 92 blood samples from children between the ages of 6 months to 15 years were analyzed. The samples consisted of 30 cases of severe malaria, 40 cases of uncomplicated malaria, and 22 apparently healthy subjects served as control. Serum Ang-1 and -2 levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. The hematological parameters were determined using the WHO standard. Results. There was significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum Ang-1 of uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria compared with the control, while significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in Ang-2 and Ang-2/Ang-1 ratio in uncomplicated malaria and severe malaria compared with the control. RBC and platelet showed significant decrease, while WBC showed significant increase in severe malaria compared with uncomplicated malaria and control. Conclusion. This study showed that subjects with malaria infection had a significant increase of Ang-2 and Ang-2 : Ang-1 ratio but presented with a significant decrease of Ang-1. Ang-1 and Ang-2 may be used to determine the severity of malaria infection since their levels differ significantly in malaria subjects compared with the control.

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