scholarly journals A Review of the Treatment of Opioid-induced Constipation with Methylnaltrexone Bromide

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMT.S1168
Author(s):  
Francisco M. Abarca ◽  
Theodore J. Saclarides ◽  
Marc I. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Database Search ◽  
Mu Receptor ◽  
Quaternary Derivative ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Common Adverse Reaction

Objectives Review and summarize the mechanism of action of methylnaltrexone bromide (methylnaltrexone) and its effectiveness in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation. Data Source A multi-database search was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE databases, in addition to electronic links to related articles and references. Background Opioids are effective medications for the management of moderate to severe pain, but they are associated with a number of side effects, especially within the gastrointestinal system. Constipation is a very common adverse reaction in patients with late-stage, adverse illness, who require long term administration of opioids on a chronic basis to help alleviate pain. In April 2008, the Food and Drug Administration approved the use of methylnaltrexone, a quaternary derivative of naltrexone which does not cross the blood brain barrier, for the management of patients with opioid-induced constipation. Methylnaltrexone acts as a selective peripheral Mu-receptor antagonist, without affecting the effects of opioids on central analgesia. Conclusions Studies have been shown that methylnaltrexone can be used safely in the treatment of opioid-induced constipation without either interfering with opioid effects on central anesthesia or precipitating opioid withdrawal.

scholarly journals Side-Effects of Long-Term Administration of Erlotinib in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Becker ◽  
Atie van Wijk ◽  
Egbert F. Smit ◽  
Pieter E. Postmus
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Term Administration

Long-Term Administration of Tianeptine in Depressed Patients after Alcohol Withdrawal

1992 ◽  
Vol 160 (S15) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malka ◽  
H. Lôo ◽  
H. Ganry ◽  
A. Souche ◽  
C. Marey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Multicentre Trial ◽  
Dysthymic Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Neurochemical Effect

Alcohol interferes with the central metabolism of the catecholamines and especially with indolamines (5-HT). Thus, the use of an antidepressant such as tianeptine, whose main neurochemical effect is to increase the reuptake of 5-HT, seems to be particularly indicated for the continued treatment of depressed patients after alcohol withdrawal. This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and acceptability during long-term administration of tianeptine in depressed patients (major depressive episode or dysthymic disorder) in a multicentre trial, after withdrawal from alcohol abuse or dependence. The results relate to 130 depressed patients, who abstained from alcohol and received treatment for a year. Only one patient dropped-out because of side-effects, and medication was interrupted in 5% of subjects because of alcoholic relapses. Prescribed in the long term, tianeptine did not produce orthostatic hypotension, changes in bodyweight, or alterations in the ECG. All changes found in haematological and biochemical investigations suggested an improvement in patients' physical state. This, and other studies, indicate that tianeptine appears to have the potential to be a safe antidepressant, which might be particularly useful in those patients who are susceptible to the side-effects of psychotropic drugs.

scholarly journals The Bluegreen Algae (AFA) Consumption over 48 h Increases the Total Number of Peripheral CD34+ Cells in Healthy Patients: Effect of Short-Term and Long-Term Nutritional Supplementation (Curcumin/AFA) on CD34+ Levels (Blood)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
José Joaquín Merino ◽  
María Eugenia Cabaña-Muñoz ◽  
María Jesús Pelaz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Nutritional Supplementation ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Bluegreen Algae

Several active principles from plants could trigger the release of stem cells from the bone marrow. Stem cell mobilizers have shown side effects in patients. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to find the natural products from plants (curcuminoids, glycosinolate of sulforaphane, AFA bluegreen algae), which could be potential stem mobilizes without adverse side effects. The antioxidant curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-2,5-dione], glycosinolate of sulforaphane (broccoli) or AFA (Aphanizomenon flos) extract promote beneficial effects in patients. The number of circulating stem cells were monitored by HSC marker-CD34 by flow cytometry in peripheral blood from healthy subjects. CD34 is a hematological stem cells (HSC) marker. A double-blind study was conducted in 22 healthy subjects. We have evaluated whether short-term AFA—Aphanizomenon flos aquae—algae or curcuminoids consumption (powder or liquid formulation) over 48 consecutive hours could increase the total number of peripheral CD34+ blood cells (n = 22, n = 5 subjects/group). The total number of circulating CD34+ cells were quantified after short-term and long-term nutritional supplementation; their levels were compared with their own basal levels (n = 5/group, controls: before taking any supplement) or placebo-treated patients (n = 7); their average age was 54 years old. We also evaluated whether long-term nutritional supplementation with several nutraceuticals could enhance HSC mobilization by increasing the total number of peripheral CD-34+ cell after seven or 38 consecutive days of administration (n = 5, with seven placebo-treated patients). The long-term administration take place with these doses/day [curcuminoids: 2000 mg/day, equivalent to 120 mg of curcuminoids/day), glycosinolate of sulforaphane (66 mg/day), plus AFA Algae bluegreen extract (400 mg/day)]. On the last day (10 a.m.) of treatment, blood samples were collected six hours after taking these supplements; the average age was 54 years old. Notably, the blue green AFA algae extract consumption over 48 h enhances HSC mobilization by increasing the total number of peripheral CD34+ cells. The long-term administration with curcuminoids, glycosinolate of sulforaphane, and AFA bluegreen algae extract also increased the total number of CD34-HSC cells after seven or 38 days of consecutive of administration in healthy subjects.

scholarly journals Macrophage-Based Therapies for Atherosclerosis Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renyi Peng ◽  
Hao Ji ◽  
Libo Jin ◽  
Sue Lin ◽  
Yijiang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Triggered Drug Release ◽  
Inflammatory Vascular Disease

Atherosclerosis (AS), a typical chronic inflammatory vascular disease, is the main pathological basis of ischemic cardio/cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Long-term administration was characterized with low efficacy and serious side effects, while the macrophages with attractive intrinsic homing target have great potential in the efficient and safe management of AS. In this review, we focused on the systematical summary of the macrophage-based therapies in AS management, including macrophage autophagy, polarization, targeted delivery, microenvironment-triggered drug release, and macrophage- or macrophage membrane-based drug carrier. In conclusion, macrophage-based therapies have great promise to effectively manage AS in future research and clinic translation.

Treatment of tardive dyskinesias with vitamin E*

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Schmidt ◽  
P Meister ◽  
P Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Tardive Dyskinesia ◽  
Physician Patient Relationship ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Physician Patient

SummaryThe hypothesis that tardive dyskinesias observed after long-term administration of neuroleptics are due to the formation of free radicals following this medication has prompted studies on the use of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), an antioxidant to treat patients suffering from such side-effects. The present study aimed at reproducing earlier encouraging results in treating 23 patients with vitamin E, using a double-blind crossover design. Inclusion criteria were: duration of tardive dyskinesia for at least 3 months, appearance of the symptoms during neuroleptic treatment or after stopping this kind of medication. The 10 subjects in the first group (Gl) were treated for 14 days with 1 200 mg vitamin E per day and then for 14 days with placebo. For the second group (G2) with 9 subjects, the treatment periods were inversed. The 2 dropouts in each group were not due to experimental problems: there was no complication due to vitamin E intake, or only negligible side-effects. Side-effects were rated on the AIM scale on days 0, 14 and 28. The results of the present study do not confirm earlier reports: there was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between placebo and vitamin E in any of the groups. However, the fact of taking these symptoms into account in the physician-patient relationship has contributed significantly to a decrease of tardive dyskinesia in both groups, from the beginning until the end of the investigation period, during which both neuroleptic and tranquilizing treatments were kept constant. Further studies should include longer treatment periods with vitamin E or even test the preventive effect of vitamin E in the production of tardive dyskinesia by neuroleptics.

Role of amiodarone in the management of atrial arrhythmias in adult Fontan patients

Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. heartjnl-2020-317378
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kawada ◽  
Praloy Chakraborty ◽  
Lucy Roche ◽  
Erwin N Oechslin ◽  
Candice Silversides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Fontan Patients

BackgroundPatients with Fontan circulation are known to be at high risk for developing atrial tachyarrhythmias (AAs). Our objective was to examine the efficacy and safety of amiodarone in the management of ATs in adult Fontan patients.MethodsPrimary outcomes of this single-centre, retrospective study included freedom from AAs and incidence of adverse effects of amiodarone on Fontan patients. Heart failure (HF) events and composite outcomes of death from any cause, Fontan revision and heart transplantation were evaluated as secondary outcomes. Predictors of HF and discontinuing amiodarone were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 61 patients (mean age 31.6±11.3 years, 40.9% female), who were treated with amiodarone in between 1995 and 2018, were included. AAs free survival at 1, 3 and 5 years were 76.2%, 56.9% and 30.6%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 50.5 months, 34 (55.7%) patients developed side effects, and 20 (32.8%) patients discontinued amiodarone due to side effects. Thyroid dysfunction was the most common side effect (n=26, 76.5%), amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) (n=16, 27.1%) being most common thyroid dysfunction. Young age (age <28.5 years) was associated with discontinuing amiodarone (HR 5.50, 95% CI 1.19 to 25.4, p=0.029). AIT significantly increased risk of HF (HR 4.82, 95% CI 1.71 to 13.6, p=0.003).ConclusionsShort-term efficacy of amiodarone in Fontan physiology is acceptable. However, long-term administration is associated with a reduction of efficacy and a significant prevalence of non-cardiac side effects. AIT is associated with exacerbation of HF. The judicious use of amiodarone administration should be considered in this population.

scholarly journals Low-dose Radiation Treatment for Painful Heel Spur: a Highly Effective Therapy With Little Side Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freddy-Joel Djiepmo Njanang ◽  
Balint Tamaskovics ◽  
Edwin Boelke ◽  
Matthias Peiper ◽  
Jan Haussmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Severe Pain ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Pain Reduction ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Painful Heel

Abstract Aim: Evaluation of pain reduction using orthovolt or cobalt-based radiation treatment for painful heel spurs and determination of long-term response as well as prognostic parameters.Methods: We identified a total of 102 consecutive patients treated for a total of 117 symptomatic heel spurs. 59 patients were treated with cobalt radiation, 31 patients with orthovolt therapy and 12 patients with both radiation systems. Pain reduction was scored using the modified Rowe-Score prior therapy, at the end of each treatment series as well as after 6 weeks and at the time of data collection. Long-term outcome was evaluated in patients with a follow-up period of longer than three years. Results: Before radiation therapy, 61 patients (60.4%) had a score of 0, significant strong pain. At the time of completion of radiation treatment, 3 patients (2.7%) were pain free (score of 30), whereas 8 patients (7.9%) had still severe pain (score 0). 6 weeks after radiation therapy, 33 patients (32.7%) were pain-free and 8 patients (7.9%) had severe pain (score 0), while at the time data of collection, 74 patients (73%) were free of pain and 1 patient (1%) had strong pain (score 0). Duration of pain before the start of radiation treatment was a significant prognostic factor (p=0.012) for response to treatment. Hier noch etwas über die Nebenwirkungen schreiben? Darauf gehen wir in der Conclusion ja ein.Conclusion: Radiotherapy of painful heel spurs is a highly effective therapy with little side effects providing long-term therapeutic response. The only significant prognostic parameter for response to treatment is the duration of pre-radiation therapy pain. Early integration of radiation therapy in the treatment seems to result in superior pain reduction.

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