scholarly journals Invertebrate trace fossils from the Pennsylvanian Rhode Island Formation of Massachusetts, USA

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 185-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick R. Getty ◽  
Robert Sproule ◽  
Matthew R. Stimson ◽  
Paul C. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Rhode Island ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Island Formation ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Lake Margin

 A large open-pit quarry in Plainville, Massachusetts, has yielded fourteen invertebrate ichnotaxa from the Pennsylvanian Rhode Island Formation of the Narragansett Basin. These traces include Cochlichnus anguineus, Diplichnites cuithensis, Diplichnites gouldi, Diplopodichnus biformis, Gordia carickensis, Helminthoidichites tenuis, Lockeia isp., Mitchellichnus cf. ferrydenensis, Planolites montanus, Siskemia elegans, Stiallia pilosa, Stiaria intermedia, Tonganoxichnus buildexensis and Narragansettichnus fortunatus new ichnogenus and ichnospecies. Specimens were collected from talus and the depositional environment has been inferred from sedimentary structures. The sediment-ology of the slabs on which the traces were preserved indicates that the rocks represent lake-margin and shallowlacustrine sedimentary facies. Distinct ichnofacies occur in the different sedimentary environments. The lake-margin traces belong to the Scoyenia ichnofacies and include traces of apterygote insects, arthropleurid myriapods, bivalved arthropods and vermiform animals in association with tracks of temnospondyl amphibians and diapsid reptiles. The lacustrine traces include arthropod trackways, fish trails and a newly named body imprint possibly produced by an aquatic mayfly larva. These shallow lacustrine traces are attributed to the Mermia ichnofacies.

Drawing sedimentary outcrops

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-168
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Genge
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Worked Examples ◽  
Earth’S Crust ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Earth's Crust ◽  
Life On Earth

Sedimentary rocks are the commonest rocks found on the surface of the Earth’s crust and record much of the history of both our planet and life on Earth. This chapter describes how to draw outcrops of sedimentary rocks in the field and the most important features of these rocks to record and describe. The stratigraphy and interpretation of sedimentary rocks is also considered in the chapter and includes a description of common sedimentary structures. The use of sedimentary facies in evaluation of depositional environment is introduced. Five worked examples of field sketches of sedimentary outcrops are given to illustrate how to make accurate and detailed observations of sediments. Examples include how to draw unconformities, sedimentary structures, lithologies, and graphic logs.

scholarly journals Facies Architecture Analysis for Paleo-environment Evaluation in “Tom” Oil Field, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
T.M. Asubiojo
Keyword(s):  
Niger Delta ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Depositional Setting ◽  
Gamma Ray Log ◽  
Architecture Analysis

The cored section of reservoir C, well 4 of the drilled five wells that penetrated three reservoirs A, B and C in “TOM” oil field, Eastern Niger Delta was analysed and described on the basis of lithofacies, sedimentary structures and trace fossil records by using core data and wireline log motifs, with  the aim of carrying out thorough geological core analysis to interpret the depositional environment of the oil field. The lithofacies are sandstones  with interbedded mudstones and siltstones, the dominant sedimentary structures are parallel to ripple cross laminations, hummocky and swaley cross stratifications, sandy hetherolitics, planar to low angle cross bedding with traces of Teichichnus and Ophiomorpha burrows. The gamma-ray log motifs were noted and used to further constrain the character of the sedimentary facies and depositional environment of the field. A tidal incised – fluvial dominated shallow marine (lower, middle, upper shoreface) comprises of tidal channel sands and tidal flat of the coastal shelf depositional setting in the marginal marine mega depositional environment had been inferred for the “TOM” field. Keywords: Shoreface, Reservoir, Lithofacies, Structures

scholarly journals Sedimentary environments and lithofacies distribution of zeit formation, red sea- Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Sadam H.M.A.Eltayib ◽  
El Sheikh. M. Abdelrahman ◽  
Ali. S. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Omar A. O. Al-Imam
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Depositional Patterns ◽  
Repeated Pattern ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lithofacies Association

The Sudanese red sea coastal plain is geologically characterized by Cenozoic siliciclastic and shallow marine rift related sedimentary se-quences. Pliocene-Pleistocene is represented by the thick older gravel unit and the emergent linear reef terraces. In this study, wire line logs besides the investigations of cutting samples were used to investigate the un cored facies successions, to detect changes in grain size distribution, lithology and sedimentary facies and hence to interpret depositional environment. Confirmation of the log behavior using the cores and the cutting samples was undertaken. Furthermore, core to gamma-ray and spontaneous potential log correlations were set up. The lithofacies association and the depositional patterns of Zeit Formation were controlled by allocyclic and autocyclic processes, which include tectonic, palaeo climatic as well as depositional mechanisms. The lithofacies Distribution of Lower Zeit Member shows the southwestern part of the area is dominated by terrestrial to marginal marine partly supra tidal domain where some channel feeders can support the sand distribution from south to north. The central part of the area is dominated by shallow marginal marine to partly supra-tidal domains. The Middle Zeit Member was dominated by marginal marine to supratidal domain. The Upper Zeit Member repeated pattern of facies distribution being similar to that of Middle Zeit, however the sandy facies influxes increased towards the S. Suakin, Digna- area, towards Bashayer area and Durwara area from south to north.  

scholarly journals SEDIMENTARY FACIES AND HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR POTENTIAL OF SAND FLAT IN THE UPPER PART OF TAPAK FORMATION IN BANYUMAS AREA, CENTRAL JAVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Rizal ◽  
Wahyu Dwijo Santoso ◽  
Alfend Rudyawan ◽  
Ricky Adrian Tampubolon ◽  
Affan Arif Nurfarhan
Keyword(s):  
Clay Content ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Facies Association ◽  
Sand Flat ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mud Flat ◽  
Reservoir Potential

The upper part of Tapak Formation in Kali Cimande consists of alternating sandstones, siltstone and mudstone. The alternating sequence showed a fining and thinning upward bedding pattern. The facies association of the alternation built up by sand flat facies, which characterized by medium sandstone, moderate sorted, with cross-lamination sedimentary structures and mostly on the top of sandstone layer found a bioturbation trace fossils (Skolithos). Mixed flat facies, which is characterized by an alternation of thin layered sandstones with mudstone and siltstone, with lenticular, wavy, and flaser sedimentary structures, contained many forms of bioturbation, such Planolites, Thallasinoides, Lockeia, and Ophiomorpha. Mud flat facies association, is characterized by a repeated of claystone with thin sandstone intercalation, where the ratio of clay content more than 95 % of the total layers, contained abundantly with trace fossil Lockeia. Upper Tapak Formation plays as moderate reservoir potential. The thick sandstone in sand flat facies with moderate to poorly sorted and moderate porosity is required to provide hydrocarbon flows in Banyumas Basin.Bagian atas Formasi Tapak di Kali Cimande terdiri dari perselingan batupasir-batulanau dan mudstone. Sekuen perselingan menunjukkan pola perlapisan menghalus dan menipis ke atas. Asosiasi fasies tersebut terdiri dari fasies sand flat, yang dicirikan oleh batu pasir sedang, pemilahan sedang, struktur sedimen silang-siur serta fosil jejak bioturbasi (Skolithos) pada bagian puncak kebanyakan lapisan batu pasir. Fasies mixed flat, dicirikan oleh perselingan batupasir berlapis tipis dengan mudstone dan batulanau, serta struktur sedimen lentikular, perlapisan bergelombang, dan flaser, mengandung banyak bioturbasi, seperti Planolites, Thallasinoides, Lockeia, serta Ophiomorpha. Asosiasi Fasies sand flat, dicirikan oleh perulangan batulempung dengan sisipan batupasir tipis, dengan kandungan lempung lebih dari 95% total lapisan, serta fosil jejak Lockeia yang melimpah. Formasi Tapak Atas berperan sebagai reservoir potensial sedang. Bagian batupasir tebal di fasies sand flat dengan pemilahan sedang hingga buruk dan porositas sedang diperlukan untuk menyediakan aliran hidrokarbon di Cekungan Banyumas.  

Holocene climate change in the Bransfield Basin, Antarctic Peninsula: evidence from sediment and diatom analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Heroy ◽  
Charlotte Sjunneskog ◽  
John B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Climate History ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Sedimentary Environments ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Bransfield Basin

AbstractWe present the first study from the Bransfield Basin that extends through the Holocene, recording the variable climate history back to the decoupling of the ice sheet from the continental shelf ~10 650 calendar years before present (cal yr bp). Detailed sediment analysis reveals three stratigraphic units in PC-61 concomitant with three sedimentary environments, similar to sedimentary facies reported elsewhere: 1) subglacial, 2) glacial proximal/sub-ice shelf, and 3) open marine. These interpretations are based on a variety of sedimentological criteria, supported by ten AMS radiocarbon dates and detailed diatom analysis. We note two significant volcanic ash layers (tephra) at 3870 and 5500 cal yr bp from nearby Deception Island. Based on diatom assemblage analysis, we identify five separate climate regimes, highlighting a significantly shorter Mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum than reported by other studies (6800–5900 cal yr bp). This period is marked by the highest Eucampia antarctica var. antarctica and Fragilariopsis curta abundance, total diatom abundance, sediment accumulation rates, and low magnetic susceptibility. We also identify a less pronounced Neoglacial period relative to other studies, which includes an increase of Cocconeis/Rhizosolenia spp. assemblage related to unstable surface water conditions. Such observations probably reflect important regional variations in atmospheric or ocean circulation patterns.

Modern and Holocene microbial mats and associated microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) on the southeastern coast of Tunisia (Mediterranean Sea)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rached Lakhdar ◽  
Mohamed Soussi ◽  
Rachida Talbi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Coastal Environment ◽  
Tidal Dynamics ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Intertidal Zones ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
Very High

Abstract On the southeastern Tunisian coastline, very diverse living microbial mats colonize the lower supratidal and intertidal zones, and locally may extend into the upper infratidal zone. The interaction between the benthic cyanobacteria and their siliciclastic substratum leads to the development of several types of microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS). The mapping of the microbial mats has allowed the identification of the types of MISS that characterize the different segments of the coastal environment. The modern microbial mats have been compared with those recorded at the top of the Holocene deposits, which are composed of biodegraded microbial black mats alternating with white laminae made of clastic and evaporitic sediments, indicative of very high frequency cycles of flood and drought. A hypothetic profile showing their occurrences along the different areas bordering the coastline is proposed as a guide for the reconstruction of the ancient depositional environment. The roles of tidal dynamics, storms, and climate in controlling their genesis and spatial distribution, are discussed and highlighted. The modern MISS of southeastern Tunisia are compared with their equivalents that are well documented through the different geological eras.

A redescription of a Maastrichtian lobster Hoploparia antarctica Wilckens, 1907 (Crustacea: Decapoda), from Chubut, Argentina

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Aguirre-Urreta ◽  
E. B. Olivero ◽  
F. A. Medina
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Sedimentary Structures ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Molluscan Fauna

The discovery of beautifully preserved specimens of a macruran decapod provides the basis for redescription of Hoploparia antarctica Wilckens, a hitherto poorly known species from the Campanian–Maastrichtian of the Austral basin of Southern Patagonia. Analyses of the associated molluscan fauna, trace fossils, and sedimentary structures indicate that the material is mostly preserved in calcareous sandstones and coquinas deposited in shallow, well-oxygenated environments. These new findings of H. antarctica in Maastrichtian deposits of the Lefipán Formation of Chubut expand the geographic distribution of the species and add a new element for the comparison of the Lefipán fauna with that of the austral Wedellian Province.

scholarly journals Trace fossils, sedimentary facies and parasequence architecture from the Lower Cretaceous Mulichinco Formation of Argentina: The role of fair-weather waves in shoreface deposits

2018 ◽  
Vol 367 ◽  
pp. 146-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey J.N. Wesolowski ◽  
Luis A. Buatois ◽  
M. Gabriela Mángano ◽  
Juan José Ponce ◽  
Noelia B. Carmona
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Trace Fossils ◽  
Fair Weather

An integrated high-resolution geophysical and geologic visualization of a Lake Bonneville shoreline deposit (Utah, USA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. T265-T282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelynn M. Smith ◽  
John H. McBride ◽  
Stephen T. Nelson ◽  
R. William Keach ◽  
Samuel M. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Basin And Range ◽  
Basin And Range Province ◽  
Lake Bonneville ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Gravel Bar

Pilot Valley, located in the eastern Basin and Range, Western Utah, USA, contains numerous shorelines and depositional remnants of Late Pleistocene Lake Bonneville. These remnants present excellent ground-penetrating radar (GPR) targets due to their coherent stratification, low-clay, low-salinity, and low moisture content. Three-dimensional GPR imaging can resolve fine-scale stratigraphy of these deposits down to a few centimeters, and when combined with detailed outcrop characterization, it provides an in-depth look at the architecture of these deposits. On the western side of Pilot Valley, a well-preserved late Pleistocene gravel bar records shoreline depositional processes associated with the Provo (or just post-Provo) shoreline period. GPR data, measured stratigraphic sections, cores, paleontological sampling for paleoecology and radiocarbon dating, and mineralogical analysis permit a detailed reconstruction of the depositional environment of this well-exposed prograding gravel bar. Contrary to other described Bonneville shoreline deposits, calibrated radiocarbon ages ranging from 16.5 to 14.3 (ka, BP) indicate that the bar was stable and active during an overall regressive stage of the lake, as it dropped from the Provo shoreline (or just post-Provo level). Our study provides a model for an ancient pluvial lakeshore depositional environment in the Basin and Range province and suggests that stable, progradational bedforms common to the various stages of Lake Bonneville are likely not all associated with periods of shoreline stability, as is commonly assumed. The high-resolution GPR visualization demonstrates the high degree of compartmentalization possible for a potential subsurface reservoir target based on ancient shoreline sedimentary facies.

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