Response to selection and genotype–environment interaction in mink (Neovison vison) selected on ad libitum and restricted feeding

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivi Hunnicke Nielsen ◽  
Steen Henrik Møller ◽  
Bente Krogh Hansen ◽  
Peer Berg
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Nielsen, V. H., Møller, S. H., Hansen, B. K. and Berg, P. 2011. Response to selection and genotype-environment interaction in mink (Neovison vison) selected on ad libitum and restricted feeding. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 231–237. Mink were selected for high November weight (AL line) and low feed conversion ratio (FC line) on ad libitum feeding and for high November weight on restricted feeding (RF line). After three generations of selection, the average estimated breeding value for November weight was 533, 326, and 150 g in males and 168, 82, and −85 g in females in the AL, RF, and FC lines. The breeding value for feed conversion ratio was −1.39, −0.84 and −0.68 kg feed kg−1 gain in males and −0.39, −0.31 and −0.23 kg feed kg−1 gain in females in the selection lines. In generation 4, the AL, RF and FC lines were tested on both ad libitum and restricted feeding. The estimated breeding value for November weight in males in the AL line (533 g) was significantly greater than that in the RF line (384 g) on ad libitum feeding. The corresponding values on restricted feeding were 297 and 326 g, respectively, which were not significantly different. This indicates genotype×environment interaction. In the AL line, selection improved feed conversion ratio by increased appetite. In the RF line, it was improved by increased feed utilization. Environmental sensitivity in males, estimated from breeding values for November weight was 236 g in the AL line and 58 g in the RF line suggesting that the RF line was more robust to changes in feeding conditions. A smaller litter size in the AL line (4.1) than in the RF line (5.6) indicates that selection for large weight affects reproduction.

An assessment of a novel feed hopper with water available within the through for finishing pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 102-102
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meal Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

In previous experiments in this series, giving dry meal through a hopper with ad libitum feeding resulted in a poorer carcass feed conversion ratio than giving meal as porridge in a conventional trough (D. C. Patterson, unpublished data). In a further experiment a novel feed hopper was assessed with meal feeding. This hopper was designed to give a form of wet feeding and had nipple drinkers positioned within the trough so that pigs could not drink directly from the nipples, instead water was spilled directly onto the meal in the bottom of the trough. No other water was available to pigs on this treatment.

Daily methane emissions and emission intensity of grazing beef cattle genetically divergent for residual feed intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Velazco ◽  
R. M. Herd ◽  
D. J. Cottle ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Conversion

As daily methane production (DMP; g CH4/day) is strongly correlated with dry matter intake (DMI), the breeding of cattle that require less feed to achieve a desired rate of average daily gain (ADG) by selection for a low residual feed intake (RFI) can be expected to reduce DMP and also emission intensity (EI; g CH4/kg ADG). An experiment was conducted to compare DMP and EI of Angus cattle genetically divergent for RFI and 400-day weight (400dWT). In a 6-week grazing study, 64 yearling-age cattle (30 steers, 34 heifers) were grazed on temperate pastures, with heifers and steers grazing separate paddocks. Liveweight (LW) was monitored weekly and DMP of individual cattle was measured by a GreenFeed emission monitoring unit in each paddock. Thirty-nine of the possible 64 animals had emission data recorded for 15 or more days, and only data for these animals were analysed. For these cattle, regression against their mid-parent estimated breeding value (EBV) for post-weaning RFI (RFI-EBV) showed that a lower RFI-EBV was associated with higher LW at the start of experiment. Predicted dry matter intake (pDMI), predicted DMP (pDMP) and measured DMP (mDMP) were all negatively correlated with RFI-EBV (P < 0.05), whereas ADG, EI, predicted CH4 yield (pMY; g CH4/kg DMI) were not correlated with RFI-EBV (P > 0.1). Daily CH4 production was positively correlated with animal LW and ADG (P < 0.05). The associations between ADG and its dependent traits EI and pMY and predicted feed conversion ratio (kg pDMI/kg ADG) were strongly negative (r = –0.82, –0.57 and –0.85, P < 0.001) implying that faster daily growth by cattle was accompanied by lower EI, MY and feed conversion ratio. These results show that cattle genetically divergent for RFI do not necessarily differ in ADG, EI or pMY on pasture and that, if heavier, cattle with lower RFI-EBV can actually have higher DMP while grazing moderate quality pastures.

scholarly journals Comparative Study On The Productivity And Profitability Of Commercial Broiler, Cockerel Of A Layer Strain And Cross-Bred (Rir × Fayoumi) Chicks

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Sarkar ◽  
SD Chowdhury ◽  
MH Kabir ◽  
PK Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Target Weight ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Maximum Profit ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Commercial Broiler ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Live Bird

An experiment was conducted to compare the productivity and profitability of commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred (F1 RIR ? × Fayoumi ?) chicks up to target body weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g. Two hundred sixteen birds of 3 genotypes each of 72 birds having 18 chicks in each replication were considered. Commercial broiler starter diet was fed to experimental birds ad libitum. Similar care and management were provided to birds of all treatment groups. Commercial broilers attained the target weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g at the age of 21, 24 and 28 days respectively whereas cockerels attained weights close to those targets at 56, 63 and 74 days respectively and in the case of cross-breds, the days were 63, 77 and 90 for those target weights respectively. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best in broilers, followed by cockerels and cross-bred chicks respectively. The highest mortality (8.3%) was found in cross-bred group when reared up to target weight of 1250g. The mortality of broiler was 1.4% and no bird was died in cockerel group. Broiler was most profitable (21.11 Tk/kg live bird) at the target weight of 1250g whereas profit from cockerel varied little (21.78, 21.07 and 21.63 Tk/kg live bird against the target weights of 850, 1000 and 1250g respectively) amoung target weights. Therefore, appropriate weight to market these birds was at 850g to minimize the risk of diseases and other management works. Marketing of cross-bred chicks was most profitable (8.43 Tk/kg live bird) at 850g target weight and loss was incurred when rearing was continued up to 1250g. On the basis of results of productivity, it was concluded that commercial broiler, cockerel and cross-bred chicks could be reared upto 28, 56 and 63 days respectively to reach target weights close to 1250, 850 and 850g respectively to obtain maximum profit.? DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i2.9886 BJAS 2008; 37(2): 89-98

PEMANFAATAN AMPAS TAHU YANG DIFERMENTASI DENGAN INOKULAN PROBIOTIK DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS BROILER

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Witariadi ◽  
A. A. P. P. Wibawa ◽  
I. W. Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan ampas tahu terfermentasi dengan inokulan probiotikterhadap performans broiler. Rancangan yang dipergunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empatperlakuan dan enam ulangan. Tiap ulangan berisi lima ekor broiler. Ransum disusun isoprotein (CP: 20%) danisoenergi (2900 kkal ME/kg). Perlakuan yaitu ayam yang diberi ransum basal tanpa penggunaan ampas tahusebagai kontrol (A); ransum dengan penggunaan 5% ampas tahu terfermentasi (B), ransum dengan penggunaan10% ampas tahu terfermentasi (C); dan ransum dengan penggunaan 15% ampas tahu terfermentasi (D). Ransum danair minum diberikan ad libitum. Variabel yang diamati, yaitu konsumsi ransum, berat badan akhir, pertambahanberat badan, dan feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 5% ampas tahuterfermentasi dalam ransum nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan berat badan akhir, pertambahan berat badan, danefisiensi penggunaan ransum dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penggunaan 10-15% ampas tahu terfermentasi dalamransum tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap berat badan akhir, pertambahan berat badan, dan efisiensipenggunaan ransum dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan5% ampas tahu terfermentasi oleh inokulan probiotik (Saccharomyces sp.) dapat meningkatkan performans ayambroiler umur 2-6 minggu, dan pada level 10-15% ampas tahu terfermentasi dalam ransum memberikan hasil yangsama dengan kontrol.

scholarly journals Response to selection for feed conversion ratio in Japanese quail

2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1590-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Varkoohi ◽  
M. Moradi Shahr Babak ◽  
A. Pakdel ◽  
A. Nejati Javaremi ◽  
M. Zaghari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Investigation of muscle transcriptomes using gradient boosting machine learning identifies molecular predictors of feed efficiency in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk Messad ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Basile Koffi ◽  
Hélène Gilbert ◽  
Florence Gondret
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Muscle Genes

Abstract Background Improving feed efficiency (FE) is a major challenge in pig production. This complex trait is characterized by a high variability. Therefore, the identification of predictors of FE may be a relevant strategy to reduce phenotyping efforts in breeding and selection programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of expressed muscle genes in prediction of FE traits in growing pigs. The approach considered different transcriptomics experiments to cover a large range of FE values and identify reliable predictors. Results Microarrays data were obtained from longissimus muscles of two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Pigs (n = 71) from three experiments belonged to generations 6 to 8 of selection, were fed either a diet with a standard composition or a diet rich in fiber and lipids, received feed ad libitum or at restricted level, and weighed between 80 and 115 kg at slaughter. For each pig, breeding value for RFI was estimated (RFI-BV), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and energy-based feed conversion ratio (FCRe) were calculated during the test periods. Gradient boosting algorithms were used on the merged muscle transcriptomes to identify very important predictors of FE traits. About 20,405 annotated molecular probes were commonly expressed in longissimus muscle across experiments. Six to 267 expressed muscle genes covering a variety of biological processes were found as important predictors for RFI-BV (R2=0.63-0.65), FCR (R2=0.61-0.70) and FCRe (R2=0.49-0.52). The error of prediction was less than 8% for FCR. Altogether, 56 predictors were common to RFI-BV and FCR. Expression levels of 24 target genes were further measured by qPCR. Linear regression confirmed the good accuracy of combining mRNA levels of these genes to fit FE traits (RFI-BV: R2=0.73, FRC: R2=0.76; FCRe: R2=0.75). Stepwise regression procedure highlighted 10 genes (FKBP5, MUM1, AKAP12, FYN, TMED3, PHKB, TGF, SOCS6, ILR4, and FRAS1) in a linear combination predicting FCR and FCRe. In addition, FKBP5 and expression levels of five other genes (IGF2, SERINC3, CSRNP3, EZR and RPL16) significantly contributed to RFI-BV. Conclusion It was possible to identify few genes expressed in muscle that might be reliable predictors of feed efficiency.

scholarly journals Investigation of muscle transcriptomes using gradient boosting machine learning identifies molecular predictors of feed efficiency in growing pigs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk Messad ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Basile Koffi ◽  
Hélène Gilbert ◽  
Florence Gondret
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Muscle Genes

Abstract Background Improving feed efficiency (FE) is a major challenge in pig production. This complex trait is characterized by a high variability. Therefore, the identification of predictors of FE may be a relevant strategy to reduce phenotyping efforts in breeding and selection programs. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of expressed muscle genes in prediction of FE traits in growing pigs. The approach considered different transcriptomics experiments to cover a large range of FE values and identify reliable predictors. Results Microarrays data were obtained from longissimus muscles of two lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI). Pigs (n = 71) from three experiments belonged to generations 6 to 8 of selection, were fed either a diet with a standard composition or a diet rich in fiber and lipids, received feed ad libitum or at restricted level, and weighed between 80 and 115 kg at slaughter. For each pig, breeding value for RFI was estimated (RFI-BV), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and energy-based feed conversion ratio (FCRe) were calculated during the test periods. Gradient boosting algorithms were used on the merged muscle transcriptomes to identify very important predictors of FE traits. About 20,405 annotated molecular probes were commonly expressed in longissimus muscle across experiments. Six to 267 expressed muscle genes covering a variety of biological processes were found as important predictors for RFI-BV (R2=0.63-0.65), FCR (R2=0.61-0.70) and FCRe (R2=0.49-0.52). The error of prediction was less than 8% for FCR. Altogether, 56 predictors were common to RFI-BV and FCR. Expression levels of 24 target genes were further measured by qPCR. Linear regression confirmed the good accuracy of combining mRNA levels of these genes to fit FE traits (RFI-BV: R2=0.73, FRC: R2=0.76; FCRe: R2=0.75). Stepwise regression procedure highlighted 10 genes (FKBP5, MUM1, AKAP12, FYN, TMED3, PHKB, TGF, SOCS6, ILR4, and FRAS1) in a linear combination predicting FCR and FCRe. In addition, FKBP5 and expression levels of five other genes (IGF2, SERINC3, CSRNP3, EZR and RPL16) significantly contributed to RFI-BV. Conclusion It was possible to identify few genes expressed in muscle that might be reliable predictors of feed efficiency.

SUPLEMENTASI RAGI DALAM RANSUM YANG MENGANDUNG AMPAS TAHU TERHADAP PRODUKSI TELUR AYAM LOHMANN BROWN

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. P. Putra Wibawa ◽  
A. A. A. Sri Trisnadewi ◽  
I. B. Gaga Partama
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh spenggunaan 10% ampas tahu yang disuplementasi ragi tape (Saccharomyces spp) dalam ransum terhadap produksi telur ayam Lohmann Brown umur 32-40 minggu. Rancangan yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat macam perlakuan dan enam kali ulangan. Tiap ulangan (unit percobaan) menggunakan tiga ekor ayam petelur Lohmann Brown umur 32 minggu dengan berat badan homogen. Ransum yang diberikan pada ayam selama periode penelitian (umur 32-40 minggu) disusun isiprotein (CP: 17%) dan isoenergi (2750 kkal ME/kg). Keempat perlakuan yang dicobakan yaitu ayam yang diberi ransum basal tanpa penggunaan ampas tahu sebagai kontrol (A); ransum dengan penggunaan 10% ampas tahu (B), ransum dengan penggunaan 10% ampas tahu yang disuplementasi 0,20% ragi tape (C); dan ransum dengan penggunaan 10% ampas tahu terfermentasi (D). Ransum dan air minum diberikan ad libitum. Variabel yang diamati, yaitu konsumsi ransum, jumlah telur, hen-day production, berat telur, dan feed conversion ratio (FCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 10% ampas tahu yang disuplementasi 0,20% ragi tape dalam ransum nyata (P<0,05) dapat meningkatkan produksi telur ayam dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Penggunaan 10% ampas tahu terfermentasi dengan Saccharomyces spp dalam ransum ternyata tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi ransum. Akan tetapi, secara nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan produksi telur ayam, serta secara nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan jumlah kadar kolesterol telur ayam. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan 10% ampas tahu yang disuplementasi 0,20% ragi tape (Saccharomyces spp.) dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan produksi telur ayam Lohmann Brown umur 32-40 minggu.

Tryptophane requirements of pigs between 28 and 56 days of age

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Leibholz
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum

Sixty-four male pigs between 28 and 56 days of age were fed ad libitum on diets based on maize and meat meal, supplemented with 0 - 0.8 g of L-tryptophanelkg of diet. It was found that the tryptophane requirement of pigs for maximum weight gain and feed conversion ratio was met by 1.64 - 1.67 g/kg of diet between 28 and 56 days of age. There was a linear increase in the retention of nitrogen by the pigs up to the highest level of dietary tryptophane fed in these experiments, viz. 1.67 g/kg of diet. The concentration of urea and tryptophane in the blood plasma suggest that the tryptophane requirement was met by 1.64 g/kg of diet.

Studies in the supplementation of grazing Friesian steers in the central coast area of New South Wales

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (87) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Davies H Lloyd ◽  
BG Lemcke
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Daily Intakes

Four groups of yearling Friesian steers were offered nil, 2.0 kg 4.0 kg and an ad libitum amount of a barley-based grain ration while grazing Trifolium repens, Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea and Phalaris tuberosa based pastures from March 23 to September 7 at Camden, New South Wales. A fifth group was offered the cereal ration in pens with 10 per cent long hay added. The mean daily intakes of grain by the group offered it on pasture was 9.1 kg compared with 8.0 kg for the pen-fed group. The mean daily liveweight gains (kg) were: unsupplemented grazing, 0.51; 2.0 kg of barley, 0.57; 4.0 kg of barley, 0.70; 9.1 kg on pasture, 1.10; and the group offered barley in pens, 0.97. The differences in liveweight gain between 0 and 4.0 kg (P < 0.05); 0 and ad libitum (P < 0.01) and 4.0 and ad libitum (P < 0.05) were statistically significant. The response in liveweight to amount of grain fed was linear but the feed conversion ratio was superior for the group fed grain ad libitum on pasture. They had fewer health problems and gained weight more rapidly than the lot-fed group.

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