scholarly journals DIETARY RAPESEED MEAL FOR SWINE REPRODUCTION

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Schuld ◽  
J. P. Bowland
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Daily Gain

Twenty-four sows (six littermate groups of four sows each) from 29 to 106 kg liveweight were fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal, substituted on an isonitrogenous basis for soybean meal and wheat. The two groups were then subdivided to receive either 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in their diets through two complete reproductive cycles.Average daily gain of gilts fed rapeseed meal was lower throughout the growing period but was significantly depressed only from 90 to 106 kg liveweight. Number of services to conception, gestation weight gains, gestation length and lactation weight losses were not significantly influenced by dietary treatment. In the first reproductive cycle, sows fed rapeseed meal during the growing period farrowed only 0.2 pigs less per litter than those fed the diet containing soybean meal, but weaned 2.5 pigs less which resulted in a reduced litter weaning weight.During the second reproductive cycle, treatment during growth had no significant influence on performance of the sows or litters. Sows fed rapeseed meal during gestation and lactation performed as well during both reproductive cycles as those fed the soybean meal diet. The results indicate that levels of 8% rapeseed meal should not be fed to growing gilts that are to be saved for reproduction.

RAPESEED MEAL AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN THE DIETS OF GROWING GILTS AND OF SOWS FOR UP TO THREE REPRODUCTIVE CYCLES

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

An experiment with 32 crossbred gilts averaging 10 kg at allotment was designed to evaluate prepress-solvent extracted rapeseed meal (RSM) of Brassica campestris origin as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in diets of sows during growth or growth and reproduction when the sows were retained for three reproductive cycles. Four treatments were involved: (1) sows fed SBM throughout; (2) gilts fed 6% RSM to 90 kg and SBM for the remainder of the experiment; (3) gilts fed 6% RSM to immediately prior to first mating and SBM for the remainder of the experiment; (4) sows fed 6% RSM throughout. A second experiment with 16 mature Yorkshire sows evaluated the same RSM for one reproductive cycle only as a partial replacement for SBM when introduced into the diet immediately prior to breeding. During the growing period to 90 kg, daily feed intake, gain, and feed conversion did not differ significantly for gilts fed 0 or 6% dietary rapeseed meal, daily gain averaging 0.68 kg. Digestible energy, metabolizable energy, digestible nitrogen, and nitrogen retention coefficients were not influenced by level of dietary RSM or by period (15 or 45 kg) at which digestibility studies were conducted. Gestation length, litter size, and weight at birth and weaning were not influenced by dietary treatment in either experiment. Thyroid weights and ratio of thyroid weight to body weight of representative 2-wk-old female pigs did not differ significantly between treatments. In the first experiment, there was an average disposal of 23% of the sows per reproductive cycle because of failure to breed, failure to conceive, and other causes but these removals did not appear to be associated with treatment. The overall results suggest that up to 6% RSM of the type fed is not detrimental to sow performance when the RSM is fed during growth, throughout growth and reproduction, or when introduced suddenly at the time of breeding.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SOWS FED LOW GLUCOSINOLATE (TOWER) RAPESEED MEAL

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. LEWIS ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
R. T. HARDIN
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Seventy-two crossbred gilts were used in an experiment to evaluate low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM), derived from the cultivar Tower, as a partial or complete replacement for soybean meal (SBM) in diets for gilts from 20 kg liveweight through two gestation and lactation periods. The supplementary protein sources for the three dietary treatments were: (1) SBM; (2) a 50:50 mixture (on an isonitrogenous basis) of SBM and Tower RSM: and (3) Tower RSM. The gilts were fed diets containing 17% protein from 20 to 60 kg, and diets containing 15% protein from 60 kg until the end of the second lactation. Fifty-one animals completed two reproductive cycles. There were no significant differences in litter size and weight at birth or weaning, sow weight changes in gestation or lactation, or gestation length in either the first or second parity. The results indicate that Tower RSM (containing 0.98 mg/g total glucosinolates) may be used as a partial or complete replacement for SBM in the diets of pregnant and lactating swine for at least two reproductive cycles with no apparent reduction in sow reproductive performance.

SOLVENT-EXTRACTED RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS FOR SWINE REPRODUCTION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. SABEN ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

At an average weight of 83 kg and age of 163 days, 32 gilts were allotted to four dietary treatments, 0, 4 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal (RM) throughout the experiment, or 8% RM fed for the first 100 days of gestation followed by 0% RM. The RM, of Brassica campestris origin and containing 2.40 g oxazolidinethione and 2.60 g isothiocyanates per kg meal, was added in substitution for isonitrogenous levels of soybean meal (SM) for two reproductive cycles. Feeding RM did not significantly influence daily gain or feed conversion efficiency from 83 kg to the first breeding or during the two gestation periods. No significant differences were noted in number of services to conception, length of gestation, number of pigs born or born alive, number of pigs weaned, litter birth weights or weaning weight, or pig birth weights or weaning weights. There was a trend toward reduced litter size from gilts and sows fed the diets containing RM. Changing the diet from 8% RM to 0% RM after 100 days of gestation did not influence reproductive performance. Lacombe × Yorkshire sows gained more from 83 kg live weight to the first breeding, had higher breeding weight in both gestation periods, and increased pig weaning weight for the second lactation period compared with Yorkshire sows. The latter sows had higher individual pig birth weights for the first reproductive cycle than the crossbred sows. The results indicate that a level of 8% commercial solvent-extracted RM of the type fed may be acceptable as a substitute for an isonitrogenous level of SM in the diets of gestating and lactating gilts and sows.

EFFECTS OF STEAM PELLETING DIETS CONTAINING TWO VARIETIES OF RAPESEED MEAL ON PIG PERFORMANCE

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted during the late fall and winter months with 96 Yorkshire barrows and gilts to study the effects on pig performance of feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM) and lysine-HCl (0.1%) supplemented corn-SBM-Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and corn-SBM-Candle RSM diets, in the form of mash (corn was medium-ground) and steam pellets. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, efficiency of feed conversion (feed to gain ratio, F/G) and carcass backfat thickness were measured in pigs reared from 23 kg to 91 kg liveweight. The energy level in the RSM diets was not adjusted to equal that in the corn-SBM diet. Pigs fed Tower RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) feed intake and backfat thickness and pigs fed Candle RSM had a lower (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and higher (P < 0.01) F/G compared to the pigs fed SBM. The pigs fed corn-SBM-Tower RSM had a higher (P < 0.01) ADG and feed intake and lower (P < 0.01) F/G ratio than those fed Candle RSM diets. Steam pelleting of the corn-SBM and corn-SBM-RSM diets improved ADG, feed intake and F/G of the pigs, with the effects being greatest for the RSM diets.

RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF PROGENY FROM SOWS FED EITHER PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Bowland ◽  
F. W. Schuld
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Initial Weight

First- and second-litter progeny from sows fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal in replacement for isonitrogenous amounts of soybean meal and wheat was used to evaluate solvent-extracted rapeseed meal as a protein source. There was no influence of the dam’s diet on gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nitrogen (DN) and nitrogen retention in the progeny. In pigs from first litters, the feeding of 8% rapeseed meal, compared with 0% rapeseed meal, depressed feed intake and rate of gain in the finishing period from 55 to 90 kg liveweight, and resulted in reduced gain and poorer efficiency of feed utilization for the overall experiment from 6 kg initial weight. Carcasses from rapeseed meal-fed pigs were leaner. Gilt carcasses were leaner than barrow carcasses. With second-litter pigs, there were no significant differences associated with dietary treatment or sex. There were no significant differences in DE or ME or in DN and nitrogen retention between pigs receiving 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in either the starting diets at 6 weeks of age or the growing diets at 40 kg liveweight.

COMPARISON OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE-LOW ERUCIC ACID RAPESEED MEAL (CV. TOWER), COMMERCIAL RAPESEED MEAL AND SOYBEAN MEAL AS SOURCES OF PROTEIN FOR STARTING, GROWING AND FINISHING PIGS AND YOUNG RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. McKINNON ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Three Phases

Eighty 3- to 4-wk-old crossbred pigs averaging 5.3 kg in weight at allotment were fed experimental diets during starting, growing and finishing phases to compare Tower rapeseed meal (00-RSM) and commercial rapeseed meal (C-RSM) as the sole or partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Barley and wheat were the main energy sources with varying amounts of animal tallow to provide isocaloric diets on a digestible energy basis. A 50/50 isonitrogenous combination of 00-RSM + SBM resulted in feed intake, daily gain and feed/gain ratio similar to results with pigs fed SBM as the sole protein supplement during the three phases. Complete substitution of SBM by 00-RSM resulted in reduction (P <.05) of feed intake during the starting phase as well as lower (P <.05) daily gain and inferior (P <.05) feed/gain ratio during the growing phase. Partial substitution of C-RSM for SBM resulted in reduction (P <.05) of feed intake during the starting and finishing phases. Complete replacement of SBM with C-RSM resulted in a depression (P <.05) of daily gain during all three phases of the experiment, inferior feed/gain ratio during the starting and growing phases compared with pigs fed the other four diets and lower (P <.05) feed intake during the starting and finishing phase compared with pigs fed the SBM diet. These findings were confirmed in a rat experiment. Carcass characteristics of pigs were not greatly affected by experimental treatments. A trend of lower digestibility of energy, nitrogen and amino acids was noted by complete replacement of SBM with either source of RSM in the pig and the rat experiments.

EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE OF PIGS FED STEAM-PELLETED RAPESEED MEAL DIETS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI ◽  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted during the spring and summer months with 96 Yorkshire barrows and gilts, to study the effects of feeding corn-soybean meal (SBM), corn-SBM-Tower rapeseed (RSM) and corn-SBM-Candle RSM diets, in the form of mash and steam-processed pellets on average daily gain (ADG), efficiency of feed conversion (feed to gain ratio) F/G), average daily feed intake and carcass backfat thickness of pigs reared from 23 kg to 91 kg liveweight. Tower RSM or Candle RSM at the 15% level in corn-SBM based diets did not result in any adverse effects on ADG, feed intake or backfat thickness, but did increase F/G (P < 0.05). There were no differences in F/G between pigs fed Tower RSM and Candle RSM diets. Steam pelleting enhanced ADG (P < 0.01) and F/G (P < 0.05) across all three diets, but did not affect feed intake or backfat thickness. Barrows had higher (P < 0.01) ADG and backfat thickness than gilts, but did not differ in feed intake or F/G.

A COMPARISON OF SOYBEAN MEAL AND TOWER RAPESEED MEAL AS SUPPLEMENTS TO CORN IN DIETS OF GROWING-FINISHING AND HEAVY WEIGHT PIGS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. GRANDHI ◽  
R. NARENDRAN ◽  
G. H. BOWMAN ◽  
S. J. SLINGER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Heavy Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

Ninety-six Yorkshire barrows and gilts were used in each of two experiments conducted in the spring-summer (exp. 1), and fall-winter (exp. 2) months, respectively, to evaluate 15% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) as a partial replacement for soybean meal (SBM) on an isonitrogenous basis in corn-based diets for pigs from 23 to 91 kg body weight. At 91 kg, half the number of pigs in each dietary group were slaughtered. Then, three levels of protein (12, 14 and 16%) in both corn-SBM and corn-SBM-RSM diets were fed to the remaining pigs in each group up to a final body weight of 125 kg. The energy level in the RSM diets was not adjusted to equal that in the SBM diets. In the 23- to 91-kg gain period, average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.01) and backfat (P < 0.05) were lower in the RSM-fed pigs compared to SBM-fed pigs only in exp. 2. From 91 to 125 kg body weight, ADG (P < 0.05), feed intake (P < 0.01) and backfat (P < 0.01) were lower for RSM-fed pigs only in exp. 2. The heavy weight pigs fed RSM diets had a lower (P < 0.01) dressing percentage than SBM fed pigs in exp. 1. Reduction of dietary protein from the 16% fed up to 91 kg body weight to either 14 or 12% in the 91- to 125-kg gain period did not affect performance.

Geographic and annual variation in reproductive cycles in the Tasmanian spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus (Squamata : Scincidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Roy Swain ◽  
Susan M. Jones ◽  
Julianne O'Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Annual Reproductive Cycle ◽  
Climatic Range ◽  
Reproductive Cycles ◽  
Reproductive Events ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Winter Hibernation

We studied the reproductive cycle of two populations of the spotted snow skink, Niveoscincus ocellatus, over a three-year period. This species is widespread in Tasmania and its distribution overlaps those of other species in the genus that show two distinct reproductive strategies: annual reproduction that is completed within one season, and biennial reproduction in which females carry advanced embryos throughout winter hibernation. We chose populations representative of the climatic extremes of the species’ distribution, within these areas of overlap. Niveoscincus ocellatus maintains the same basic reproductive strategy in both populations: summer gestation, primary autumn mating with obligate sperm storage by females, secondary mating in spring, and predominantly spring vitellogenesis and ovulation. In both populations all females reproduce annually, suggesting that reproductive frequency is not constrained by availability of energy. However, we found distinct differences in the timing of ovulation and parturition. Females from our subalpine site ovulated approximately one month later than those from our warmer, lowland site; parturition was delayed by the same period so gestation length was unchanged. The delay in ovulation results in gestation proceeding over the warmest months at the cold site. The annual reproductive cycle of this species appears to constrain its distribution to the lower altitudinal/climatic range of alpine Niveoscincus species. There were minor annual differences in the timing of reproductive events at each site, which we attribute to variation in thermal conditions and the amount of precipitation.

TOWER RAPESEED MEAL AS A PROTEIN SOURCE FOR WEANLING RABBITS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1027-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. THROCKMORTON ◽  
P. R. CHEEKE ◽  
N. M. PATTON
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Daily Gain

Tower rapeseed meal was substituted on an isonitrogenous basis for 50, 75 and 100% of the soybean meal in diets for weanling rabbits. There was no significant effect (P < 0.01) on average daily gain or feed efficiency, indicating that Tower rapeseed meal is equivalent to soybean meal as a protein supplement for growing rabbits.

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