scholarly journals AVAILABILITY OF AMINO ACIDS FROM BARLEY, WHEAT, TRITICALE, AND SOYBEAN MEAL FOR GROWING PIGS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. SAUER ◽  
P. M. GIOVANNETTI ◽  
S. C. STOTHERS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Available P ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fecal Analysis

Amino acid (AA) availabilities from barley, wheat, triticale and soybean meal for barrows weighing 10 and 30 kg were determined by the fecal analysis method. In general, the true availability of each essential AA decreased in the following order: soybean meal > triticale > wheat > barley. Lysine was the least available (P < 0.05) essential AA from the cereal grains. When pigs were fed either triticale, wheat or barley, the respective lysine availabilities were 86, 81 and 77% (10-kg barrows) and 78, 67 and 65% (30-kg barrows). Availabilities of isoleucine, methionine, threonine and valine were similar and were grouped as the next least available essential AA from the cereal grains. Their availabilities varied between 90–92, 87–90 and 85–88% for the 10-kg pigs and between 87–88, 85–86 and 82–85% for the 30-kg pigs fed triticale, wheat and barley, respectively. Methionine was the least available essential AA (86.3%) from soybean meal for the 30-kg barrows. However, the availability of methionine was not significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of lysine, threonine and valine.

APPARENT AVAILABILITIES OF AMINO ACIDS IN CORN, WHEAT AND BARLEY FOR GROWING PIGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. SAUER ◽  
S. C. STOTHERS ◽  
G. D. PHILLIPS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids

The apparent ileal and fecal recoveries of amino acids in corn, wheat and barley were determined with barrows ranging in weight from 50 to 70 kg that were fitted with ileocecal re-entrant cannulas. Average ileal availabilities were 4–7% less than average fecal availabilities in the three cereal grains. Of the indispensable amino acids in the cereal grains, the recoveries of lysine and threonine were approximately equal in being the lowest at the end of the ileum, and they decreased from those in corn, to wheat and to those in barley. The recovery of lysine was the lowest in all cereal grains when determined by the fecal analysis method. The apparent fecal recoveries of amino acids in the cereal grains obtained from cannulated pigs were essentially similar to those obtained from non-cannulated pigs. Apparent ileal and fecal recoveries of amino acids in finely ground and cracked wheat were determined with eight barrows that weighed approximately 75 kg. The ileal recoveries of most amino acids were significantly higher (P <.05) in finely ground than in cracked wheat. On the other hand, differences in amino acid availabilities due to processing of wheat could not be detected by the use of the fecal analysis method.

scholarly journals The direct and difference procedures result in similar estimates for amino acid digestibility in feed ingredients fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryane S F Oliveira ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
The Difference

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that values for standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings obtained using the direct procedure are not different from values obtained using the difference procedure. Sixteen ileal-cannulated barrows (initial BW: 69.5 ± 5.0 kg) were allotted to a replicated 8 × 4 Youden Square design with 8 diets and 4 periods. Each period consisted of 5 d of adaptation to the diet and 2 d of collection of ileal digesta. Four diets were based on soybean meal (SBM), corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the only AA-containing ingredients. Three additional diets were based on a mixture of SBM and corn, SBM and wheat, or SBM and wheat middlings, and an N-free diet was also used. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and the SID of crude protein (CP) and AA for the 4 diets containing SBM, corn, wheat, or wheat middlings as the sole source of AA were calculated using the direct procedure. The AID and SID of CP and AA for the 3 mixed diets containing SBM and corn, wheat, or wheat middlings were also calculated and the contribution of digestible AA from SBM was subtracted from the AID or SID values for the diets. The AID or SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings were subsequently calculated by difference. Results indicated that the AID values for a few AA were lower (P &lt; 0.05) if the direct procedure was used instead of the difference procedure, regardless of ingredient. The AID of Trp was greater in corn and wheat middlings, and the SID of Trp in corn and wheat middlings tended to be greater, if the direct procedure rather than the difference procedure was used, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.10, respectively). However, for all other indispensable AA, and for most of the dispensable AA, the SID of AA in corn, wheat, and wheat middlings was not different between the difference procedure and the direct procedure. Therefore, values for SID of AA in cereal grains and fiber-rich ingredients may be determined using either the direct or the difference procedure.

AVAILABILITIES OF AMINO ACIDS IN BARLEY AND WHEAT FOR GROWING PIGS

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. SAUER ◽  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
R. M. CICHON
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Chromic Oxide ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

The apparent ileal and fecal availabilities of amino acids in four barley samples and in four wheat samples were determined with four growing barrows (Yorkshire × Lacombe), fitted with ileocecal re-entrant cannulae. The experimental rations consisted of 96.8% barley or wheat, 2.7% minerals plus vitamins and 0.5% chromic oxide. True availabilities were calculated based on metabolic ileal and fecal amino acid levels obtained in previous studies. There were differences (P <.05) between the apparent ileal as well as between the true ileal availabilities of lysine, methionine, phenylalanine and glutamic acid in the barley samples. The apparent ileal availabilities ranged from 64.9 to 72.5% for lysine, from 72.1 to 83.9% for methionine and from 64.4 to70.4% for threonine. In the same sequence, the true availabilities of these amino acids ranged from 71.2 to 78.8%, from 75.4 to 87.3% and from 74.6 to 79.3%. There were no differences between the apparent as well as between the true availabilities of amino acids in the barley samples when these were measured by the fecal analysis method. With the exception of serine, there were no differences between the apparent as well as between the true ileal availabilities of amino acids in the wheat samples. The average apparent ileal availabilities were 76.7, 82.1 and 76.5% for lysine, methionine and threonine, respectively. In the same sequence, the average true ileal availabilities of these amino acids were 83.5, 85.0 and 85.7%.

EFFECT OF STEAM PELLETING AND REGRINDING ON THE DIGESTIBILITY OF PROTEIN IN CEREAL GRAINS, SOYBEAN MEAL AND WHEAT BRAN BY THE RAT

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Olsen ◽  
S. J. Slinger
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cereal Grains ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Amino Acid Availability ◽  
Net Protein

The effect if steam pelleting and regrinding on digestibility of protein in corn, wheat, barley, oats, soybean meal and wheat bran was tested with rats. Percentage amino acid absorption and net protein utilization (NPU) were determined for the wheat bran. Pelleting and regrinding improved the digestibility of protein in bran but had no effect on the digestibility of protein in the other ingredients tested. Increased absorption of amino acids caused by the increased digestibility of protein in bran varied considerably for individual amino acids, being greatest for isoleucine, lysine, methionine and threonine of the essential amino acids. The improvement in protein digestibility and amino acid availability was reflected in a higher NPU.

APPARENT AND TRUE AVAILABILITIES OF AMINO ACIDS IN WHEAT AND MILLING BY-PRODUCTS FOR GROWING PIGS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. SAUER ◽  
S. C. STOTHERS ◽  
R. J. PARKER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
The Difference

The apparent availabilities of amino acids measured by the ileal and fecal analysis methods, in wheat, flour and a diet consisting of 45% bran, 45% shorts and 10% middlings (wheat offal), and the metabolic ileal and fecal amino acid levels from protein-free diets containing 5, 10 or 15% alphafloc were determined with barrows ranging in weight from 45 to 70 kg. Availabilities of amino acids, by either method of determination, declined from the flour to the whole wheat to the wheat offal diets for all except arginine by the ileal method. Overall, availability as determined by the fecal method was higher than by the ileal method, and in the majority of comparisons the difference was significant. Lysine and threonine were the least available of the indispensable amino acids by either method of determination. However, because of their relatively large disappearance in the large intestine, the availabilities of threonine in all diets tested and of lysine in wheat offal may not be accurately determined by the fecal analysis method. As the level of alphafloc in the protein-free diets was increased, ileal and fecal amino acid levels, expressed as grams per kilogram dry matter intake, increased. The metabolic amino acid levels were found to increase for isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine and aspartic acid and to decrease for glycine and proline between the end of the ileum and feces.

scholarly journals 160 Effects of dietary amino acid concentration on digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal and soy protein concentrate fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Soy Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA by growing pigs is not influenced by dietary AA. In Exp. 1, thirty cannulated pigs (BW:31.4 ± 3.9 kg) were allotted to 5 diets. Four diets were formulated to contain 4.7 to 30.4% CP, by including 10, 30, 50, or 70% soybean meal. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. The model included diet as a fixed variable and polynomial contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of dietary AA. The SID of CP, Lys, Phe, and Thr decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.05) as dietary AA increased (Table 1). However, this effect was primarily a result of the SID of AA in the diet containing 30.4% CP and the SID of CP and most AA was not affected by dietary AA if diets contained 4.7 to 22.1% CP. In Exp. 2, twenty-four cannulated pigs (BW:22.8 ± 1.7 kg) were used. Pigs were allotted to a quadruplicated 6 × 2 Youden square design with 6 diets and 2 periods. Five diets were formulated to contain 6.8 to 31.8% CP, by including 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% soy protein concentrate. An N-free diet was also used. Data were analyzed as for Exp. 1. The SID of His and Lys decreased quadratically (P &lt; 0.05) with increased dietary AA (Table 2). However, if dietary CP was 26.6% or less, no effect of dietary AA on SID of CP and most indispensable AA was observed. In conclusion, the SID of most AA is not influenced by dietary AA if dietary CP does not exceed around 26%. Hence, the SID of AA in feed ingredients may be determined in diets containing AA below, at, or slightly above requirements without impacting results.

scholarly journals Digestibility of amino acids in pig diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein, with special reference to a gas chromatographic method used in amino acid determination

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi ◽  
Lea Huida
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method ◽  
Acid Determination

The apparent faecal digestibilities of amino acids were determined in growing pigs on diets in which 50% or 100 % soybean meal supplement was replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein. The trial was conducted as two 3X3 Latin squares with six castrated pigs. Compared with the soybean meal supplement, the Eurolysine diet had lower (P < 0.05) digestibilities of arginine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. Compared with the Pekilo diet the Eurolysine diet had lower digestibilities (P < 0.05) of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, proline and serine. Lysine digestibility was higher on the Eurolysine diet than on the Pekilo diet. A gas chromatographic method used in amino acid determination is described and evaluated.

COMPOSITION, AMINO ACID DIGESTIBILITIES AND PROTEIN QUALIT OF HIGH-LYSINE BARLEY LINES FOR GROWING RATS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1149-1159
Author(s):  
R. MISIR ◽  
W. C. SAUER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Fecal Analysis ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Hiproly Barley ◽  
Similar Soil

Hiproly barley and five experimental barley lines bred and grown in Alberta under similar soil and environmental conditions were evaluated as sole protein sources in two rat trials. In exp. 1, compared to Gait barley (control), Hiproly and the test lines (Lines 1, 2 and 3) contained 9–22% more nitrogen (N). Hiproly and Line 1 also contained 21 and 29% more lysine, respectively. Consequently, Line 1 could be classified as a "Hiproly" barley, Line 2 as "high protein" barley and Line 3 a "normal" barley. Determined by the fecal analysis method, lysine was least digestible of the amino acids (AA). Apparent lysine digestibilities were similar for all the barleys. In exp. 2, compared to Gait barley (control), Lines 4 and 5 were similar in N content, but contained 13 and 7.5% more lysine, respectively. Measured by the relative protein value method, there were no differences in performance, reflecting the small differences in lysine content among the barleys. The apparent N digestibilities in barley were 10–11 percentage units lower (P < 0.01) than in casein. Calculated chemical scores showed that among the barleys only Line 1 might adequately provide all the AA, including lysine, for 60- to 100-kg pigs. Key words: High lysine barleys, hiproly, barley lines, apparent digestibilities, relative protein values, rats

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document