THE MINERAL CONTENT OF TIMOTHY GROWN IN PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
KARL A. WINTER ◽  
UMESH C. GUPTA
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
High K ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tissue Contents ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) samples from 107 sites throughout Prince Edward Island were obtained at the early heading stage and analyzed for Ca, P, K, Mg, Cu, Mo, S, Mn, Zn and Fe. The mean tissue contents of these minerals were: Ca, 0.25%; P, 0.24%; K, 2.12%; Mg, 0.10%; Cu, 4.5 ppm; Mo, 0.37 ppm; S, 0.12%; Mn, 31.1 ppm; Zn, 26.8 ppm and Fe, 30.5 ppm. When compared with the requirements of cattle and sheep Ca would be deficient for most age and production categories and the mean timothy Ca content was lower than published values. The Ca: P ratio was low at approximately 1:1. Mean Mg content of timothy was low relative to animals' requirements, which, combined with the low Ca and high K content of a number of samples, indicated there was a risk of grass tetany in grazing animals. Most trace elements were barely adequate or deficient relative to the needs of cattle and sheep. Copper, for example, at 4.5 ppm is deficient for cattle but lack of deficiency problems was attributed to correspondingly low Mo and S levels. The need for adequate Ca and P supplementation and the use of a suitable trace-mineralized salt is recommended in formulating diets for dairy cattle, beef cattle, and sheep. Key words: Timothy, forage, minerals, deficiency, cattle, sheep

Pratt timothy

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047-1048
Author(s):  
Y. A. Papadopoulos ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
D. Gehl ◽  
S. A. E. Fillmore
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Plant Vigour ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Papadopoulos, Y. A., Christie, B. R., McRae, K. B., Gehl, D. and Fillmore, S. A. E. 2015. Pratt timothy. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1047–1048. Pratt timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is an 11-clone synthetic cultivar developed through progeny testing for general combining ability at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Crops and Livestock Research Centre, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Pratt timothy was selected for winter hardiness, plant vigour, plant height, and intermediate maturity (similar to the check cultivar Climax but later than Champ). In Atlantic Canada, Pratt timothy produced more forage than Champ during 3 production years. This cultivar was superior in persistence and re-growth potential with greater production of second-cut herbage.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS SOURCES OF SULFUR ON YIELD AND SULFUR CONCENTRATION OF CEREALS AND FORAGES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
J. A. MacLEOD
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Pisum Sativum L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Field experiments were conducted at three locations in Prince Edward Island to determine the effects of various sources of S (Agri-Sul, gypsum, and Urea-Sul) on S concentration of tissue and yields of forages and cereals. Gypsum was effective in increasing the S concentration in plant tissues. Agri-Sul at 10–80 kg S∙ha−1 was generally ineffective in increasing the S concentration of forages and cereals. In the absence of added S (check treatments), the plant tissue S concentrations in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) ranged from 0.18 to 0.39 and from 0.14 to 0.27%, respectively. In wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum distichon L.), the S concentrations varied from 0.12 to 0.26 and from 0.13 to 0.20% in the boot stage tissue and grain, respectively, in the check treatments. In general, the S concentration was higher in the boot stage tissue than in the grain. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds and vegetative material from the check treatments contained 0.19–0.24% and 0.17–0.36% S, respectively. Gypsum or Urea-Sul did not increase the yields of forages or cereals. In one instance Agri-Sul slightly increased the alfalfa yield (5–8.5%), but this was not associated with tissue S increases. Plant tissue S levels as low as 0.12–0.18% appeared to be adequate for barley, wheat, timothy, peas, and alfalfa. Key words: Sources of sulfur, tissue S, yields, cereals, forages

scholarly journals Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tapani Kunelius ◽  
Pertti Pärssinen ◽  
Seppo K. Pullli
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars of southern (45°N) and northern (≥60°N) origin were grown in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (46° N) and Jokioinen, Finland (61° N) in two years. Timothy was harvested twice a season and nitrogen applied at 100 or 150 kg/ha. Dry matter yields were higher in Charlottetown than in Jokioinen and northern cultivars outyielded southern cultivars. Nitrogen at 150 kg/ha increased total yields an average of 1.4 t/ha over the 100 kg N/ha rate. The stems and panicles of timothy were longer in Charlottetown. Northern cultivars had longer panicles. The leaf content of cultivars ranged from 139 to 230 g/kg. Northern cultivars had greater N concentrations (22.1 g/kg) in cut 2 than southern timothies (19.7 g/kg). Concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in cut 1 were lower in Jokioinen, In conclusion, northern cultivars performed well in Charlottetown but there were differences in yield stability among cultivars. Nutritional quality of timothy cultivars varied among the sites and the significance of differences in NDF and ADF in relation to animal performance require further study.

INFLUENCE OF WEED CONTROL AND N FERTILIZATION AT ESTABLISHMENT ON GROWTH AND NODULATION OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. KUNELIUS
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
N Treatment ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Leo birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was established on check (no weed control), handweeded, and 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyric acid (2,4-DB)-2,2-dichloroproprionic acid (dalapon)-treated plots with N applied at 0, 25, 50, or 100 kg/ha as NH4NO3 at the emergence of forage legume. The preceding crops were barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in locations 1 (soil OM 3.4%) and 2 (soil OM 3.8%), respectively. In the year of seeding, N. applications increased dry matter (DM) yields of birdsfoot trefoil up to 115% over zero N treatment in location 1. Similarly, the growth of weeds was increased up to 69% applied N in location 1. In location 2, applied N did not influence the growth of birdsfoot trefoil and weeds. A 2,4-DB-dalapon treatment in both locations controlled the weeds, but it also suppressed the growth of birdsfoot trefoil. The mean number of birdsfoot trefoil plants/m2 in location 1 was decreased both by N fertilization and by 2,4-DB-dalapon treatment. The growth of birdsfoot trefoil in the 2nd yr was not influenced by N fertilizer applied at establishment. Heavy weed growth in location 2 during the 1st yr resulted in low DM yields of birdsfoot trefoil the following year. Nodulation of birdsfoot trefoil was promoted in location 1 by small N applications (25 kg/ha). In location 2, nodulation was reduced by fertilizer N, as compared to zero N treatment. Treatment with 2,4-DB-dalapon caused some reduction in the nodulation of birdsfoot trefoil as compared to check or handweeded plots in location 1. It is concluded that applied N may improve the early growth of birdsfoot trefoil only where soil N level is low and almost no weeds are present.

SELENIUM ENRICHMENT OF CROPS THROUGH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH C. GUPTA ◽  
K. A. WINTER ◽  
K. B. McRAE
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Livestock Feeds ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Podzol Soils

A field study was conducted, at two locations on Prince Edward Island, over a 5-yr period to determine the effects of foliar applications of sodium selenite on the Se concentration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain and in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) foliage. Applications of 10–20 g Se ha−1 resulted in barley kernels and forage plant Se levels that would be adequate to prevent Se deficiency in most livestock. The highest rate of Se, at 80 g ha−1, resulted in plant Se concentrations of 706 μg kg−1 in timothy. The measured plant Se concentrations, to the same applications, varied from year to year but the responses to applied Se levels were generally in the same proportions. For similar application rates Se concentrations were lower in barley grain than in the forages. Tissue Se levels in the second cuts of alfalfa and timothy were lower than in the first cut. High levels of foliar-applied Se did not result in a carryover effect the following crop year. Annual foliar applications of Se would be required to raise the Se levels in crops into the sufficiency range for livestock feeds. Key words: Selenium content, foliar spray, cereals, forages, Podzol soils

Cadmium concentrations in kidneys of sheep and cattle in Western Australia. 1. Regional distribution

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
PW Morcombe ◽  
DS Petterson ◽  
HG Masters ◽  
PJ Ross ◽  
JR Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Agricultural Region ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

A sample of 4973 kidneys from sheep stratified by age and shire of origin within the Agricultural Region of Western Australia, was analysed for cadmium (Cd) content during the period August 1989 to April 1991. The geometric mean Cd concentration in the kidney of hogget ewes was 0.9 mg/kg, in 4-tooth ewes 1.47 mg/kg and in adult ewes 3.34 mg/kg on a wet weight basis. The mean Cd concentrations of either ewe or hogget flocks from different Divisions of the Agricultural Region did not differ from each other. The annual increase in Cd concentration of kidney from hogget sheep was estimated to be 0-65 mg/kg. The rate of accumulation of Cd in kidney from cattle and sheep grazing the same properties was similar. Kidneys from a sample of 354 adult cattle from the Kimberley Region and 483 aged sheep from the Pastoral Region, both areas of unimproved rangelands, had geometric mean Cd concentrations of 0.15 mg/kg and 0-31 mg/kg respectively. A higher Cd concentration in flocks from the divisions adjacent to the Agricultural Region may have resulted from the establishment of some volunteer species of winter annual pastures in the rangeland.

NITROGENASE ACTIVITY OF ALFALFA GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791
Author(s):  
H. A. BURITY ◽  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
M. A. FARIS
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Nodule Tissue

A greenhouse experiment has shown that total nitrogenase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not significantly affected when grown in association with timothy (Phleum pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) except after initial harvest when decreased alfalfa activity was associated with smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass. It was concluded that mixed cultures of alfalfa with timothy, smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass have no effect on alfalfa N2 fixation. The results also suggest the occurrence of N transference from alfalfa to associated grasses. It is speculated that this transfer is not primarily due to the death of roots and nodule tissue (after harvest), but involves some degree of N excretion during the period before initial harvest.Key words: Alfalfa-grass mixtures, N2-fixation, nodule activity, N-transference

EVALUATION OF TIMOTHY CULTIVARS FOR VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRIENT COMPONENTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. MASON ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Five timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, Clair, Champ, Milton, Climax and Bounty, were harvested at first flower stage during 2 consecutive years and in the regrowth for 1 yr. The forages were each offered as hay to 15 young rams to evaluate voluntary intake. Five animals were used to determine initial harvest dry matter digestibility. The cultivars varied significantly in voluntary intake at first flower stage. The highest intake (g kg−0.75 d−1) averaged for the years was obtained in the early cultivar Champ (65.9), which was 10% more than that of the medium-late cultivar Climax. The cultivars did not differ significantly in dry matter digestibility. In the regrowth, the relative intakes of the cultivars were essentially reversed from that of the initial harvest. The voluntary intake was substantially higher but the differences among forages were less marked. Climax regrowth voluntary intake was higher (P < 0.05) than all cultivars, except Bounty. A 15% range in digestible dry matter intake was present among cultivars. The ranking of the culivars for digestible dry matter was different than for dry matter yield. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense L., voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility

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