scholarly journals Yields, plant characteristics, total N and fibre composition of timothy cultivars grown at two latitudes

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tapani Kunelius ◽  
Pertti Pärssinen ◽  
Seppo K. Pullli
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Total N ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars of southern (45°N) and northern (≥60°N) origin were grown in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada (46° N) and Jokioinen, Finland (61° N) in two years. Timothy was harvested twice a season and nitrogen applied at 100 or 150 kg/ha. Dry matter yields were higher in Charlottetown than in Jokioinen and northern cultivars outyielded southern cultivars. Nitrogen at 150 kg/ha increased total yields an average of 1.4 t/ha over the 100 kg N/ha rate. The stems and panicles of timothy were longer in Charlottetown. Northern cultivars had longer panicles. The leaf content of cultivars ranged from 139 to 230 g/kg. Northern cultivars had greater N concentrations (22.1 g/kg) in cut 2 than southern timothies (19.7 g/kg). Concentrations of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) in cut 1 were lower in Jokioinen, In conclusion, northern cultivars performed well in Charlottetown but there were differences in yield stability among cultivars. Nutritional quality of timothy cultivars varied among the sites and the significance of differences in NDF and ADF in relation to animal performance require further study.

EVALUATION OF TIMOTHY CULTIVARS FOR VOLUNTARY INTAKE AND NUTRIENT COMPONENTS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. MASON ◽  
P. M. FLIPOT
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Flower Stage ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Five timothy (Phleum pratense L.) cultivars, Clair, Champ, Milton, Climax and Bounty, were harvested at first flower stage during 2 consecutive years and in the regrowth for 1 yr. The forages were each offered as hay to 15 young rams to evaluate voluntary intake. Five animals were used to determine initial harvest dry matter digestibility. The cultivars varied significantly in voluntary intake at first flower stage. The highest intake (g kg−0.75 d−1) averaged for the years was obtained in the early cultivar Champ (65.9), which was 10% more than that of the medium-late cultivar Climax. The cultivars did not differ significantly in dry matter digestibility. In the regrowth, the relative intakes of the cultivars were essentially reversed from that of the initial harvest. The voluntary intake was substantially higher but the differences among forages were less marked. Climax regrowth voluntary intake was higher (P < 0.05) than all cultivars, except Bounty. A 15% range in digestible dry matter intake was present among cultivars. The ranking of the culivars for digestible dry matter was different than for dry matter yield. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense L., voluntary intake, dry matter digestibility

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽  
A. R. F. Lucena ◽  
T. V. C. Nascimento ◽  
L. M. L. Moura ◽  
P. D. R. Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

scholarly journals Assessment of some parameters productivity and quality of populations Phleum pratense L. grown in conditions of Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Savo Vuckovic ◽  
Vojislav Mihailovic ◽  
Vera Popovic ◽  
Ljubisa Zivanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Autochthonous Population ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Phleum pratense (L.) is the important forage grass species in Serbia. The study was conducted on 20 autochthonous population of Phleum pratense (L.), originating from Western Serbia. Plant height, protein content and crude cellulose content had a high direct impact on yield. Populations of PP16, PP20, PP2 and PP9 had the significantly higher yield of the raw matter compared to all the tested population and the highest values for the other evaluated parameters, also. The average yield of crude biomass was positive statistically highly significantly correlated with plant height (r=0.87**), and positively significantly correlated with a content of crude proteins and positive non significant correlated with crude cellulose (r=0.42 ns). Based on obtained values and by the appropriate choice of selection methods, we conclude that we have excellent genotypes, PP16, PP20, PP2 and PP9 for a successful selection process in order to obtain new high yielding varieties of Phleum pratense.

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage from integrated culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pokluda
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Nitrates Content

The evaluation of nutritional quality of Chinese cabbage and the effects of cultivar, weed incidence, plant density and growing season were observed in integrated cultivation system. Mean contents of analysed compounds were as follows: 6% of dry matter, 10% of crude fibre, (in mg/kg of f.m.): 2,199 mg K, 289 mg Ca, 146 mg Mg, 111 mg Na, and 316 mg of vitamin C. Mean content of nitrates reached the value of 647 mg/kg. A significant effect of cultivar on the content of all observed substances in cabbage heads excluding magnesium was thus confirmed; however, a decrease of nitrates was found in the treatment with higher plant density. Weed cultivation caused slightly (insignificantly) higher nitrates content in cabbage heads by 100 mg/kg. Growing season showed a significant effect on content of some evaluated compounds. Integrated cultivation of Chinese cabbage could be an adequate approach to ensure nutritionally valuable products with low nitrates content.

scholarly journals Phenolics in Aerial Parts of Persian Clover: Trifolium resupinatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Janda ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Paula Montoro ◽  
Sonia Piacente ◽  
Wieslaw Oleszek
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Trifolium Resupinatum

The nutritional quality of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum), an important pasture crop, depends not only on a high protein content but also on the occurrence of animal health and welfare promoting phytochemicals. Nine phenolic constituents present in the aerial parts of this species were isolated and their structures confirmed by NMR and ESI-MS analyses. The compounds included two chlorogenic acids, four quercetin and two kaempferol glycosides, as well as the isoflavone formononetin-7-glucoside. The concentration of isoflavone was low, not exceeding 1.2 mg/g of dry matter. The concentration of flavonols ranged between 5.9 and 11.8 mg/g, depending on the sampling dates, with the highest concentration occurring in the first cut. A similar trend in the concentration was found for chlorogenic acids, which ranged from 2 mg/g in summer to 7.3 mg/g in spring.

The effect of temperature on quality characteristics in timothy (Phleum pratense L.) genotypes

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ames ◽  
A. R. McElroy ◽  
J. Erfle
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Improving the nutritive value of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) through breeding is dependent on selecting for genetic traits which directly contribute to ruminant digestibility. The identification of these traits is the goal of many forage researchers. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the leaf and stem digestibility of six timothy genotypes under different temperature conditions using two methods of estimating digestibility. Correlations between leaf and stem digestibility were not significant, suggesting that separation of these components is nessessary to clearly evaluate genotypic differences. Temperature had an important effect on digestibility, particularly for the stem fraction. Isolating leaf from stem and evaluating genotypes individually across temperatures may permit the identification of more simple genetic factors which control digestibility in timothy. Genotypic differences were observed at all temperatures. The rumen fluid digestion resulted in a much greater range within and among genotypes for both stem and leaf fractions. Genotypes tended to follow the same trends with respect to temperature using both techniques suggesting that only a portion of the dry matter digested by rumen fluid is available to the cellulases used in these experiments. Lignin content was measured for two of the most variable genotypes and the results showed that while levels increased with higher growth temperature, differences between genotypes are more pronounced at 10 °C for both leaf and stem. Key words: Digestibility, forage quality, lignin, temperature, timothy, Phleum pratense L.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of storage conditions on dry matter loss and nutritional quality of grain legume fodders in West Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 114419
Author(s):  
D.B. Akakpo ◽  
I.J.M de Boer ◽  
S. Adjei-Nsiah ◽  
A.J. Duncan ◽  
K.E. Giller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Dry Matter Loss

scholarly journals Nutritional quality of massai grass fertilized with phosphorus and nitrogen and its influence on intake and weight gain of sheep under rotational grazing on quartzipsamment soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Thais Valéria Souza Silva ◽  
Luciano Fernandes Sousa ◽  
Antônio Clementino dos Santos ◽  
Ana Cristina Holanda Ferreira ◽  
Rebeca Rocha Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of phosphate and nitrogen fertilization on aspects of forage composition and ruminal fermentation were separately evaluated pre- and post-grazing, in addition to the dry matter intake and weight gain of sheep grazing Panicum maximum cv. Massai under a rotational system on Quartzipsamment soil. The aim was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with different levels of phosphorous (50 and 200 kg P2O5/ha) and nitrogen (100 and 400 kg N/ha) compared to unfertilized control soil. The experiment was conducted at the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at Universidade Federal do Tocantins – UFT, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a factorial 2 × 2 design. The study area consisted of 32 paddocks (301 m²), each of which had previously been sown with Panicum maximum cv. Massai. The experimental area was managed under intermittent stocking with a variable stocking rate. Twenty-eight crossbreed sheep were used for grazing management. Evaluations were made before and after grazing, including forage evaluation and measurement of ruminal degradability and intake (using titanium dioxide as the external marker). Regarding the forage composition, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the control and fertilizer treatments for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, crude protein, lignin and phosphorous content. Fertilization was found to alter the nutritional quality of Panicum maximum cv. Massai grass. Among the nutritional aspects evaluated, fertilization influenced NDF, grass digestibility and dry matter intake. The forage composition of Massai grass is improved by fertilization with nitrogen at 100 kg N/ha and phosphate up to 50 kg P2O5/ha, which represents a relevant management practice for increasing quantity and quality.

Effect of altitudinal gradient on yield and quality of sub-alpine meadow on the Xiaowutai Mountain in northern China

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-kui Dong, Yuan Jiang ◽  
Quan-ru Liu ◽  
Xiao-xia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Summer Grazing

Herbage yield increased with elevation from 2200 to 2600 m and then declined until 2800 m. Altitude did not affect herbage fat, acid detergent fibre, calcium or sulphur concentrations, but did influence herbage organic matter, crude protein and phosphorus concentrations. It is recommended that livestock should be rotationally grazed along an altitudinal gradient on Xiaowutai Mountain to meet their dry matter (DM) and nutrients requirements in summer grazing systems. Key words: Herbage biomass, crude protein, acid detergent fibre, minerals

effect of treating wheat straw with sodium hydroxide and calcium oxide alone or in combination with hydrogen peroxide on the in Vitro dry matter digestibility

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 119-119
Author(s):  
A. S. Chaudhry ◽  
E. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Alkaline Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Farm Scale

That alkali treatments can improve the nutritional quality of poor quality roughages has long been established (Sundstol and Owen, 1984). However, their effectiveness is limited by their potential hazards to the animals and mankind. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) has recently emerged as a possible substitute (Gould, 1985) but its farm scale application is limited by the need for high amounts of chemicals and water. Lack of any information regarding its effectiveness over NaOH alone is another factor which requires further investigation. The present study was, therefore, planned to assess the effectiveness of pH-regulated (11.5±0.2) H2O2 (AHP) in improving the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of wheat straw (WS, Avalon) under different laboratory conditions. The possibility of using CaO on its own or to regulate pH for AHP was also tested.

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