PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN WETHERS FED A LOW MAGNESIUM AND/OR HIGH POTASSIUM DIET

Plasma glucose clearance rates were lower (P < 0.10) in wethers fed the high potassium (0.32% Mg-4.90% K) diet compared with those of the control (0.32% Mg-0.75% K). Insulin responses to glucose infusion and feeding tended to be reduced in wethers fed the high potassium diet as compared to the control. Key words: Sheep, high potassium diet, glucose utilization, insulin

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Long-term stability of low insulin responses to glucose in non-diabetic subjects

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1270033 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 33-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Michael Alvarsson ◽

Valdemar E Grill ◽

Alexandre Wajngot ◽

Erol Cerasi ◽

Suad Efendic

Keyword(s):

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Long Term Stability ◽

Glucose Infusion Test ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

The Stability ◽

The Individual ◽

Body Mass Indexes ◽

Insulin Responses

We investigated the stability of the insulin response to glucose in healthy subjects by making retrospective comparisons of insulin responses after two 60 min glucose infusion tests performed many years apart. The subjects (N =49) were divided into two lower and two higher quartiles as assessed by the incremental 0–10 min insulin area during the initial glucose infusion test. Ages were initially 32.3±2.8 years in lower quartiles and 26.6±1.1 in higher quartiles and body mass indexes 21.6±0.6 kg/m2 and 21.8±0.5, respectively. The interval between the first and second glucose infusion tests was 8.1±2.8 years for lower quartiles and 10.4±1.3 for higher quartiles. In lower quartiles, the 0–10 min insulin area at first testing was 157.1±15.9 mU/l × 10 min and at follow-up 202.2±26.6 (+ 29%, NS). In higher quartiles, the insulin area decreased from 654.8±70.6 mU/l × 10 min at first testing to 489.8±53.6 at follow-up (−25%, p<0.05). The 0–60 min glucose area did not change significantly between glucose infusion tests in lower quartiles (+ 5%), but did increase by 12% (p<0.005) in higher quartiles. Only one subject of the lowest quartile at first testing changed to higher quartiles at follow-up. Predictable "regression toward the mean" at follow-up was moderate, hence the individual insulin response to glucose was relatively stable with time. This finding is compatible with the hypothesis that genetic factors are of major importance for the insulin response to glucose.

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POTENTIATION OF INSULIN RELEASE BY GLUCOSE IN MAN

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0790502 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 502-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Adenylate Cyclase ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Insulin Release ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Insulin Responses

ABSTRACT If two consecutive glucose infusions are administered with 40 min of rest between, the insulin response to the second challenge is markedly potentiated. When the insulin response to the first glucose infusion was suppressed by 65 % with the aid of adrenaline, potentiation of the insulin response to the second infusion was not modified. This suggests that the generation of a state of enhancement in the islet does not necessitate that glucose exerts its insulin releasing action. It is postulated that islet glucose metabolism may be involved in producing the potentiation. Pretreatment of the subjects with a glucose infusion enhanced also the insulin responses to glucagon and to tolbutamide, given intravenously 50 min later. Thus, the potentiation generated by glucose is not restricted to the insulinogenic signal induced by glucose. The eventual role that the beta-cell adenylate cyclase may play in this respect is discussed.

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FURTHER STUDIES ON HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITH LOW AND HIGH INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550305 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 305-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

The Family ◽

High Insulin ◽

History Of ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT In a previous paper it was shown that 15 out of 85 healthy subjects with a normal intravenous glucose tolerance demonstrated a low plasma insulin response to glucose infusion which was similar to that obtained in diabetic subjects. In the present paper it has been shown that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion was the same when the test was repeated. Low insulin responders to glucose infusion, as a group, also showed low insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. This indicates that the type of insulin response is characteristic for a given subject irrespective of the stimulation used. There seemed to be no difference in the occurrence of diabetes in the family history of the groups of low and high insulin responders.

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Effect of sequential infusions of glucagon and epinephrine on glucose turnover in the dog.

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1978.235.3.e287 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 235 (3) ◽

pp. E287 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L Saccà ◽

R Sherwin ◽

P Felig

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Conscious Dogs ◽

Glucose Turnover ◽

Plasma Glucagon ◽

Conscious Dog ◽

Glucose Clearance ◽

Glucose Output

Conscious dogs were infused with 1) glucagon (3 ng/kg.min) alone for 120 min followed by glucagon plus epinephrine (0.1 microgram/kg.min) for 60 min and 2) epinephrine alone (150 min) followed by epinephrine plus glucagon for 90 min. Glucagon alone caused a 10--15 mg/dl rise in plasma glucose and a 45% increase in glucose production that returned to baseline by 75--120 min. After addition of epinephrine, glucose production rose again by 80%. Infusion of epinephrine alone resulted in unchanged plasma glucagon levels, a 60--70 mg/dl rise in plasma glucose, and an 80--100% rise in glucose production that returned to baseline by 60--120 min. When glucagon was added, glucose output promptly rose again by 85%. When glucagon was infused alone, there was a rise in glucose uptake, whereas, with epinephrine, glucose uptake failed to rise and glucose clearance fell by 35--50%. We conclude that 1) hepatic refractoriness to persistent elevations of glucagon or epinephrine is specific for the hormone infused; 2) epinephrine stimulates glucose production in the conscious dog in the absence of a rise in plasma glucagon; 3) the hyperglycemic response to glucagon or epinephrine is determined in part by accompanying changes in glucose utilization.

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INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC MONOZYGOTIC TWIN PAIRS. GENETIC CONTROL OF INSULIN RESPONSE?

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550330 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 330-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chronic Pancreatitis ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Monozygotic Twin ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Striking Similarity ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Genetically Determined ◽

Low Insulin Response

ABSTRACT The insulin response during a standardized glucose infusion (GIT) was studied in a group of 13 monozygotic twin pairs previously registered as consisting of one diabetic/one non-diabetic member. At the time of the study three of the non-diabetic subjects had developed overt diabetes and three decreased glucose tolerance only. Of the non-diabetic members all but one (with diabetes due possibly to chronic pancreatitis in the sibling) showed an insulin response similar to that seen in diabetic subjects, and in healthy subjects previously assumed to be potential diabetics. The present study therefore supports our earlier suggestion that a low insulin response characterizes potential diabetes. There was a striking similarity between the insulin curves in the twin pairs, irrespective whether diabetes occurred in one, in both or in none of the members. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion is genetically determined, and that a low insulin response is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus.

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THE EFFECT OF URINARY GLUCOSE EXCRETION ON THE PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCES AND PLASMA INSULIN RESPONSES TO INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE LOADS IN UNANAESTHESIZED DOGS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0870133 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J. J. Kaneko ◽

D. Mattheeuws ◽

R. P. Rottiers ◽

J. Van Der Stock ◽

A. Vermeulen

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Immunoreactive Insulin ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Urinary Glucose Excretion ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

K Value ◽

Urinary Glucose ◽

Glucose Clearance ◽

Glucose Excretion

ABSTRACT The effect of urinary glucose excretion on the plasma glucose clearance and insulin response to varying sizes of glucose loads was studied in normal unanaesthesized dogs. Glucose loads ranging from 0.15 to 1.25 g/kg b.w. were infused intravenously in a standard time period of 30 seconds. Plasma glucose and plasma immunoreactive insulin (IRI) concentrations were determined during one-hour after infusion. All urine excreted during the one-hour was collected by a catheterization and bladder wash-out procedure. The urinary glucose excretion was expressed as the percent of the glucose load. The urinary glucose excretion varied directly with the size of the glucose load and ranged from minimal to 12 %. This would indicate that urinary losses play a considerable role proportionate to the degree of hyperglycaemia above the renal threshold. Thus, urinary loss of glucose must be recognized as an important factor influencing the plasma glucose clearance and hence the plasma IRI response. A glucose load of 0.5 g/kg b.w. given in 30 seconds with the k-value calculated between 15–45 min would minimize the influence of urinary loss and provide more accurate plasma clearance values.

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Glucose and Insulin Responses after Commonly Used Sport Feedings before and after a 1-hr Training Session

International Journal of Sport Nutrition ◽

10.1123/ijsn.5.3.194 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 194-205

Author(s):

Zandrie Hofman ◽

Harm Kuipers ◽

Hans A. Keizer ◽

Erik J. Fransen ◽

Roderique C.J. Servais

Keyword(s):

G Protein ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Training Session ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Training Conditions ◽

Glucose Ratio ◽

Before And After ◽

Insulin Responses ◽

Glucose Curve

This investigation examined the plasma glucose and insulin response in 6 trained athletes after consumption of four commercially available sport feedings 2 hr before as well as immediately after 1 hr of running under common training conditions. Four feedings were compared: Feeding 1, 160 g CHO/400 ml; Feeding 2, 69 g CHO/400 ml; Feeding 3, 69 g CHO + 6 g protein/400 ml; and Feeding 4, solid 69 g CHO + 5 g protein + 4 g fat. Before the training session, there were no differences between the four sport feedings in the area under the glucose and insulin curves and the insulin/glucose ratio. However, after exercise, Feeding 2 resulted in a significantly greater area under the glucose curve compared with Feedings 1, 3, and 4 (respectively, 352 vs. 241, 251, and 182) and a significantly lower insulin/glucose ratio compared with Feeding 1 (respectively, 6.2 vs. 15.8). Therefore, it is concluded that the kind of sport feeding may influence postexercise glucose and insulin responses.

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Effect of Halothane Anesthesia on Glucose Utilization and Production in Adolescents

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199505000-00010 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 82 (5) ◽

pp. 1154-1159 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Dounia Sbai ◽

Philippe Jouvet ◽

Anne Soulier ◽

Luc Penicaud ◽

Jacques Merckx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Concentration ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Plasma Glucose Concentration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Metabolic Clearance ◽

Halothane Anesthesia ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration

Background It should be possible to avoid variations in plasma glucose concentration during anesthesia by adjusting glucose infusion rate to whole-body glucose uptake. To study this hypothesis, we measured glucose utilization and production, before and during halothane anesthesia. Methods After an overnight fast, six adolescents between 12 and 17 yr of age were infused with tracer doses of [6,6-2H2]glucose for 2 h before undergoing anesthesia, and the infusion was continued after induction, until the beginning of surgery. Plasma glucose concentration was monitored throughout, and free fatty acids, lactate, insulin, and glucagon concentrations were measured before and during anesthesia. Results Despite the use of a glucose-free maintenance solution, plasma glucose concentration increased slightly but significantly 5 min after induction (5.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.4 mmol.l-1, P < 0.05). This early increase corresponded to a significant increase in endogenous glucose production over basal conditions (4.1 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.05), with no concomitant change in peripheral glucose utilization. Fifteen minutes after induction, both glucose utilization and production rates decreased steadily and were 20% less than basal values by 35 min after induction (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.2 mg.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.05). Similarly, glucose metabolic clearance rate decreased by 25% after 35 min. Despite the increase in blood glucose concentration, anesthesia resulted in a significant decrease in plasma insulin concentration. Conclusions These data suggest that halothane anesthesia per se affects glucose metabolism. The decrease in peripheral glucose utilization and metabolic clearance rates and the blunted insulin release question the relevance of glucose infusion in these clinical settings.

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