PANCREATIC CANNULATION OF YOUNG PIGS FOR LONG-TERM STUDY OF EXOCRINE PANCREATIC FUNCTION

A surgical model and an experimental procedure were developed in the pig to enable the long-term collection of pancreatic juice under natural conditions from the first week of life until several weeks after weaning. Purebred Swedish Landrace pigs of varying ages were operated on as follows: at 3–4 d of age (n = 3) and returned to the sow; at 3 wk of age (n = 5), returned to the sow for 1 wk and then weaned; at 4–5 wk of age (n = 3), weaned on the day of surgery, and at 8–9 wk of age (n = 6). The pancreatic duct was catheterized; the catheter was exteriorized through an abdominal cannula and connected to a re-entrant perforated duodenal T-cannula. Using this model, long-term experiments were performed on alternate days for periods of 1–12 wk, and pancreatic juice was collected before and after feeding. The growth of the pigs did not appear to be seriously disturbed; postmortem examination did not reveal any major problems at the operation sites. The procedure permitted the collection of pure unactivated pancreatic juice, and did not appear to interfere with normal physiological responses to both feeding and hormonal stimulation with cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin. Our observations indicated that this animal model may be used to study the postnatal development of the exocrine pancreas and the adaptation processes taking place when the feeding regime is changed at weaning. Key words: Pig, exocrine pancreas, chronic cannulation, development

Download Full-text

Sexual Politics of Gendered Violence and Women's Citizenship

10.1332/policypress/9781447337782.001.0001 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Suzanne Franzway ◽

Nicole Moulding ◽

Sarah Wendt ◽

Carole Zufferey ◽

Donna Chung

Keyword(s):

Violence Against Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Sexual Politics ◽

The State ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Gendered Violence ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Before And After ◽

Women's Lives

The challenge of violence against women should be recognised as an issue for the state, citizenship, and the whole community. This book examines how responses by the state sanction violence against women and shape a woman's citizenship long after she has escaped from a violent partner. Drawing from a long-term study of women's lives in Australia, including before and after a relationship with a violent partner, it investigates the effects of intimate partner violence on aspects of everyday life including housing, employment, mental health, and social participation. The book contributes to theoretical explanations of violence against women by reframing it through the lens of sexual politics. Finally, it offers critical insights for the development of social policy and practice.

Download Full-text

Long-term follow-up of neodymium:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy for the treatment of anterior capsular phimosis

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518777652 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 3692-3697 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hehua Ye ◽

Jiming Zhang ◽

Yiyong Qian

Keyword(s):

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Case Series ◽

Anterior Capsule ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Before And After ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

The Mean ◽

Anterior Capsulotomy

Objective To investigate the long-term safety and efficacy of Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy for the treatment of anterior capsular phimosis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed a consecutive case series of Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy in patients with anterior capsular phimosis, who were treated between November 2012 and April 2014. Data collected included risk factors, interval between surgery and capsulotomy, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and diameter of anterior capsule opening before and after Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy. Results Eleven eyes of 11 patients were included in the study. The mean follow-up time was 30.1 ± 4.5 months (range: 26–42 months). At the last follow-up, the mean diameter of the anterior capsule opening was 5.1 ± 0.2 mm, which was significantly greater than the diameter before laser capsulotomy (2.2 ± 0.8 mm). BCVA remained stable or improved in nine eyes (81.8%) following capsulotomy. No patients experienced recurrence of phimosis. Conclusions In a long-term study of >2 years, we found that Nd:YAG laser anterior capsulotomy is safe and effective for the treatment of anterior capsule phimosis.

Download Full-text

Early Aging in Chernobyl Clean-Up Workers: Long-Term Study

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/948473 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

V. Krasnov ◽

V. Kryukov ◽

E. Samedova ◽

I. Emelianova ◽

I. Ryzhova

Keyword(s):

Radiation Effects ◽

Social Adaptation ◽

Control Group ◽

Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Before And After ◽

Exogenous Factors ◽

Open Prospective Study ◽

Reverse Development

This paper represents data of long-term open prospective study. 312 male clean-up workers, who participated in elimination of the Chernobyl disaster consequences in 1986-87, were observed and examined in Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry. The average age of patients was 57,0 ± 6,8 years. All patients were diagnosed with psychoorganic syndrome, caused by combination of different factors, which led to early cerebrovascular pathology, which was confirmed by clinical, neuropsychological, and instrumental examination. Anamnesis and the level of social adaptation were also assayed. Clinical estimation was done with the use of specially developed Clinical Psychopathological Chart. All the symptoms were divided into 4 groups (asthenic, psychovegetative, dysthymic, and cognitive symptom-complexes). No pronounced signs of dementia were observed. The control group included 44 clean-up workers without mental disorders. Predomination of various exogenous factors before and after accident was noted. Therapy included different vasotropic remedies, as well as family therapy, art therapy, and cognitive training. The possibilities of the reverse development of symptoms were statistically proved. The results allow making a conclusion that these disorders could not be explained either by radiation effects or by PTSD but connected with cerebrovascular pathology.

Download Full-text

A long-term study on crustacean plankton of a shallow tropical lake: the role of invertebrate predation

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.2015.1132 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Marlene S. Arcifa ◽

Tânia C. Dos Santos Ferreira ◽

Claudia Fileto ◽

Maria S. Maioli Castilho-Noll ◽

Taís C. Bunioto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Zooplankton Community ◽

Tropical Lake ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Cladoceran Species ◽

Before And After ◽

Crustacean Plankton ◽

Predator Abundance ◽

Long Term Impact

The primary factor that governs the size and species composition of zooplankton is still a controversial issue and temperature is considered the main factor responsible for latitudinal differences. In waters with a narrow temperature range, such as in the tropics, predation may be a more important factor. Nearly three decades of intermittent studies of the crustacean plankton in a shallow tropical lake revealed that the main event that led to their restructuring was the appearance of a second predator, the water mite Krendowskia sp. The new predator and larvae of the dipteran Chaoborus brasiliensis Theobald exerted a combined, although asymmetrical effect on microcrustaceans. The period when the mite was detected was followed by the restructuring of the crustacean plankton community. Predation by these two invertebrates emerged as the factor responsible for community changes, involving an increased contribution of copepods and decreases in the relative abundance of smaller cladoceran species. In the short term, the mite caused a decrease in species richness and the annual mean instantaneous composition of cladocerans, a predominance of large-sized species (Daphnia ambigua Scourfield and Daphnia gessneri Herbst) and the virtual disappearance of small species (e.g., Bosmina tubicen Brehm). The long-term impact resulted in increased species richness and the dominance of large and medium-sized cladocerans, such as D. gessneri and Ceriodaphnia richardi Sars. The larger body size of three cladocerans, the two Daphnia species and B. tubicen, in the long term, may be a response to the dominant predator, Chaoborus. The seasonal variation in the predator abundance, mainly Chaoborus larvae, allowed the prey to recover during the cool season. The copepods Tropocyclops prasinus meridionalis (Fischer) and Thermocyclops decipiens Kiefer were less affected by predation than the cladocerans; their contribution to the crustacean plankton increased 12-28% after the mite appeared. The top-down effect on crustacean plankton did not affect the phytoplankton, which remained dominated by chlorophyceans and the nanoplankton fraction before and after the zooplankton community restructuring.

Download Full-text

Cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics after placement of a shunt with an antisiphon device: a long-term study

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2001.94.5.0750 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 750-756 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bo Lundkvist ◽

Anders Eklund ◽

Bo Kristensen ◽

Markku Fagerlund ◽

Lars-Owe D. Koskinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Csf Shunt ◽

Content Type ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Before And After ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamics ◽

Antisiphon Device ◽

Fine Print

Object. Few studies have been performed to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hydrodynamic profile in patients with idiopathic adult hydrocephalus syndrome (IAHS) before and after shunt implantation. The authors compared the in vivo CSF hydrodynamic properties, including the degree of gravity-induced CSF flow, of a shunt with an antisiphon device with a standard shunt. Methods. Twelve patients with IAHS underwent insertion of shunts with Delta valves. Clinical testing, magnetic resonance imaging, and CSF hydrodynamic investigations were conducted with intracranial pressure (ICP), gravity effect, and pressure—flow curve of the shunt estimated at baseline and at 3 and 12 months postoperatively. No shunt was revised. Despite postoperative clinical improvement in all patients who received Delta valves, the mean ICP was only moderately reduced (mean decrease at 3 months 0.3 kPa [p = 0.02], at 12 months 0.2 kPa [not significant]). Patients with the greatest increase in ICP preoperatively had the most pronounced decrease postoperatively. The hydrostatic effect of the Delta valves was significantly lower than with the Hakim shunts (0.1–0.2 kPa compared with 0.6 kPa). The increased conductance (that is, lowered resistance) was up to 14 times higher with the Delta valves compared with preoperative levels. Conclusions. The function of a CSF shunt may be more complicated than previously thought; the subcutaneous pressure acting on the antisiphon device can modify the shunt characteristics. A compensatory increase in CSF production may counteract the increased outflow through the shunt. The improved CSF outflow conductance may increase the intracranial compliance and thereby dampen a pathological ICP waveform.

Download Full-text

Secretion of pyruvate and lactate in pancreatic juice induced by acetazolamide or secretin

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1986.250.4.g398 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (4) ◽

pp. G398-G404

Author(s):

T. Kuroshima ◽

S. Himeno ◽

M. Kurokawa ◽

K. Tsuji ◽

S. Tarui

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Juice ◽

Exocrine Pancreas ◽

Duct Cell ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

High Dose ◽

Buffer System ◽

Transport Pathway ◽

Before And After ◽

Pump Mechanism

In vivo studies using pentobarbital sodium-anesthesized dogs were performed to investigate whether a transport pathway for pyruvate and lactate is present in the exocrine pancreas. Concentrations of both acids were measured in peripheral blood and pancreatic juice before and after intravenous 15-min administration of 2.25 mmol/kg DL-lactate, superimposed on continuous intravenous infusion of 3 U X kg-1 X h-1 secretin. The concentration ratio of lactate to pyruvate in pancreatic juice was found to be approximately 1, a lower value than found in other tissues or body fluids. D-lactate, not detected in either blood or juice during basal periods, rapidly appeared in both fluids in parallel with the physiological isomer L-lactate, after the infusion of DL-lactate. Further addition of acetazolamide or a high dose of secretin caused a marked secretory response of pyruvate and lactate with no increase in juice bicarbonate levels. We conclude that these acids can be transported from blood to lumen when the transmembrane pH gradient across the duct cell membranes is augmented by stimulants via a proton pump mechanism involving a CO2-HCO3-buffer system.

Download Full-text

The effect of Natura 2000 network on the Eurasian Eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) population in Southeast Bulgaria: implications for conservation

Ornis Hungarica ◽

10.2478/orhu-2021-0013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 170-178

Author(s):

Boyan Milchev ◽

Valeri Georgiev

Keyword(s):

Gap Analysis ◽

Natura 2000 ◽

Area Network ◽

Bubo Bubo ◽

Long Term Study ◽

Before And After ◽

Eagle Owl ◽

The Stability ◽

Special Protection Areas

Abstract The effectiveness and efficiency of the Natura 2000 network for the Eurasian Eagle-owl conservation in SE Bulgaria was assessed by comparing data collected during a long-term study on number of breeding pairs and fledglings before and after network establishment. The Natura 2000 network and non-protected areas showed similar values of the calculated indices according to the number of occupied localities. However, the pairs in Natura 2000 sites bred significantly less fledglings after the creation of the network than the pairs in non-protected ones. The Special Protection Areas (SPA) system created specifically for the preservation of birds has the lowest efficiency in respect to Eurasian Eagle-owl protection. Proposals were made after ‘gap analysis’ for real protection and optimization of the protected-area network to increase the stability of the Eurasian Eagle-owl population in the changing environment.

Download Full-text