Regularities of the Natural Evolution of the Proliferative Process in Diabetic Retinopathy. The Concept of Remission of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

The data analyzed in this review indicate that an important feature of the natural evolution of diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the possibility of reverse development of its main signs, including newly formed vessels. The term “spontaneous remission”, proposed by M.D. Davis, may be correct for stating this condition. Spontaneous remission can be persistent and its frequency can significantly exceed the generally accepted 10 %. Signs of remission of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), regardless of the cause of occurrence (spontaneous or resulting from treatment) are: absence of ophthalmoscopically detectable neovessels; increased/appearance of the fibrous component of proliferation, which is accompanied by traction deformation of the retina. Therefore, the scale reflecting the stages of evolution of newly formed vessels and the scale of severity reflecting the degree of threat to visual functions in PDR cannot be identical. Since the development and regression of neovessels is a reflection of multidirectional processes, the identification of the phase of PDR evolution is fundamental in the formation of research design. Due to the possibility of using artificial intelligence for the analysis of “big data”, the effectiveness of the approach to the study of DR will largely be determined by the adequacy of the grouping of the source data. In this regard, the analysis of previous experience is relevant, which allows us to improve some principles of systematization of results. Conclusion: The statement of the phase of evolution of neovessels in PDR is fundamental in epidemiological and scientific studies. The identification of signs indicating the likelihood of spontaneous remission of DR/PDR will allow us to provide a differentiated approach to treatment, as well as to study the association with the dynamics of the patient’s somatic status.

On the issue of the treatment of trachomatous pannus

Pannous inflammation of the cornea, as one of the earliest and most dangerous complications of trachoma, in its severity, course and significance for the patient's vision is not always in one way or another correlated with the strength or duration of the trachomatous process in the mucus of the eye. If in some cases the pannus disappears soon and without a trace, so to speak, by itself or solely under the influence of appropriate treatment of the conjunctiva of the arches and eyelids alone, then in other cases, most often encountered in the practice of an eye doctor, despite the most vigorous therapy of trachoma, the pannus not only does not show a tendency to reverse development, but, gradually or by leaps, from the initial, lighter degrees (pannus incipiens, R. levis) to more severe and persistent forms (R. crassus, R. sarcomatosus), often ulcerating at the same time and ending in cicatricial degeneration of the cornea (p membranaceus), leads the trachomaticus to complete inactivity for his entire subsequent existence. And since, in heavily overworked areas, an eye doctor has to deal with the most severe forms of this disease and its most diverse complications, of which corneal pannus accounts for more than a third of all of them, and the consequences, it is natural that the question of not mediocre treatment of pannus becomes urgent and requires practical measures of a special nature.

The mutual influence of the uterus and ovaries

Takakusu (Arch, fm A. and. Entwicklmech., Bd. 102, H), putting on mice a series of experiments with the extirpation of the uterus, injections of extracts from this organ, with parabiosis and reinforcement of the uterus, came to the conclusion that both the uterus and and the ovary have a hormonal effect on each other 'The influence of the uterus is expressed in the fact that it delays the development of luteal tissue and leads to the reverse development of already formed yellow bodies

T. n. "Spontaneous cure" of tubal pregnancy

T. n. Spontaneous cure of tubal pregnancy, according to Ntirnbergera (Arch. F. Gyn., Bd. 121, H. 1), is an accidental clinical variant of those reverse development processes that are often found in tubal pregnancy.

POSSIBILITIES OF A LABORATORY TEST BASED ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE T-CELL RESPONSE TO STIMULATION WITH SPECIFIC CFP10 AND ESAT6 ANTIGENS IN THE DETECTION OF TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

Objective of the study: to explore the possibilities of T-SPOT.TB testing to detect tuberculosis infection (TI) in children and adolescents. Materials and methods of research: the design – a multicenter retrospective cohort noncomparative uncontrolled study. The results of examination of children aged 1 to 17 years using the T-SPOT.TB test (n=1565): 774 boys (49,5%), 791 girls (50,5%). The median age of children is 8 [5; 13] years. Results: the rate of positive T-SPOT.TB tests was 7,2% (n=113). Further examination and in-depth examination of children with positive results (n=28), in every 4th case, a history of contact with a tuberculosis (TB) patient was established, every 4th child had previously been under treatment with phthisiatrician. The coincidence of positive results of the T-SPOT.TB test with the Mantoux test – in 87%, with the test with a recombinant tuberculosis allergen – in 100% of cases. Local TB in the phase of reverse development was detected in one child (4%), active TB – in 2 (7%). Conclusion: the T-SPOT.TB test is an alternative method for screening children for TI.

Polyp dropout in a solitary cold-water coral

Scleractinian corals feature both sessile and mobile stages and diverse modes of development. In some cases, development can be reversed. Examples include polyp detachment in response to environmental stress (bail-out or polyp expulsion) and reverse metamorphosis, where juveniles detach from the primary skeleton and revert to the mobile stage. Here, we provide aquaria and field evidence of a new form of reverse development: polyp dropout in the solitary cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis. It features tissue retraction and detachment of an entire adult polyp from the skeleton in the putative absence of a stressor. The dropout polyp remains viable and continues to live for many weeks, albeit in a rather collapsed state lacking a well-developed hydroskeleton. We carried out a long-term (37 months) rearing experiment under constant aquaria conditions and found polyp dropout in four out of 83 individuals. Detachment was accompanied by the extrusion of mesenterial filaments through perforations in the body wall. We believe this resulted in the loss of the hydroskeleton, which prevented the dropouts to subsequently resettle or form a new skeleton. As opposed to other known forms of reverse development, the new form is not accompanied by reversible metamorphosis, abandonment of the colonial way of life, nor is it a survival or asexual reproduction strategy. We found field indications of polyp dropout in Patagonian field populations of C. huinayensis, where 1.4 ± 0.8% (mean ± SD, N = 9322) of the polyps of the natural population showed partial detachment indicative of imminent dropout in the putative absence of external impact. Polyp dropout is the first record of polyp detachment in a solitary CWC with possible repercussions for adult coral mobility, evolution and Stanley’s (2003) ‘naked coral’ hypothesis.

OBJECTIVIZATION OF THE EFFECT OF A COMPLEX OF PHYSICAL FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME BY ELECTROMYOGRAM TEST

CTS is the most common compression neuropathy with an incidence of 125-515/100 000. It is a result of compression of the median nerve by the transverse carpal ligament. It is observed in 2 to 5% of the general population, more frequently in women.Electromyography is considered the most accurate diagnostic procedure, although it cannot be fully accepted as a gold standard due to the possibility of false positives (about 15%) and false negatives (about 18%) [1]However, because of its low cost, in comparison to other diagnostic methods, its high diagnostic reliability, and the few contraindications to its application, it remains a method of choice for diagnosis and follow-up of the reinnervation of the median nerve in CTS patients.Aim of study. To investigate the effect of a complex of physical factors on the reverse development of symptoms of moderate carpal tunnel syndrome using electromyography.Materials and methods. 57 patients with mild to moderate degree of carpal tunnel syndrome clinically proven by electroneurographic study were еexamined. 38.60% of the patients were with right hand affected, 9 patients (15.80%) with left hand affected and 26 patients (45.60%) with bilateral involvement (n=26). In the last group, we examined both hands, ie 57 patients and 82 hands were investigated.Based on the analysis of our own studies, we applied the following complex physiotherapeutic program to the patients involved in the study: ultrasound, electrophoresis with Nivalin (Galantamine), and traditional kinesitherapy program.In our study, we examined the sensory and motor fibres of the n. medianus. Changes in distal latency, amplitude, and conduction velocity were observed.Results and discussion. The electroneurographic examination we performed showed a statistically significant change (p <0.001) in the normalization of distal latency, conduction velocity and M amplitude in both the sensory and motor fibres of the affected nerve. These results were reported between the first and fourth months after physiotherapy. There is also a tendency for their retention within the next 4-8 months.Correlation analysis shows that there is a very strong, statistically significant (p <0.001) relationship between the ENG parameters for n. medianus sensory and motor fibres conductivity (distant latency, SNAP and conduction velocity) and the treatment performed, which is established even at the first check-up (1-4 months) after end of the treatment, and the results achieved are maintained over time.The statistically significant changes in the values of ENG parametric fibers of n. medianus, we refer to the complex physiotherapy treatment, aimed at improving the trophic and nerve conduction, accelerating the regenerative processes of the nerve structures, improving the trophic and vascularizing the structures located in the carpal tunnel.Last but not least, the fibrolytic action of ultrasound therapy leading to the spreading of fibrous seals, which is quite common in CTS, is also important. Although different in their mechanism of action, the physiotherapeutic procedures included in our program have a synergistic effect aimed at overcoming the functional deficiency and reversing the symptoms of CTS.Conclusions. Our study on the effectiveness of a complex of physical factors in the conservative treatment of the CTS showed that early diagnosis and timely initiation of physiotherapeutic treatment are a prerequisite for achieving very good results in terms of functional recovery of the affected hand and the reverse development of clinical symptoms in patients with proven mild to moderate CTS.The segmental demyelination of the sensory and motor fibers of n. medianus in the initial stages, as a result of its compression in the area of the carpal canal, is a reversible process. An integrated approach to the treatment of CTS, including early diagnosis, prevention and treatment, is the key for success in mild and moderate forms of the syndrome, and competent and timely medical advice is often crucial.

Clinical symptoms of the effectiveness of combination therapy for onychomycosis of dermatomycete etiology

Onychomycosis is widespread all over the world. The choice of treatment tactics continues to be a difficult task for dermatologists. The use of combination therapy showed high clinical and mycological results of treatment, and also reduced the risk of relapses after discontinuation of therapy. Evaluation of the effectiveness of this therapy is based on knowledge of the reverse development of clinical symptoms.

Unveiling asexual reproductive traits in black corals: polyp bail-out in Antipathella subpinnata

Cnidarians are known to undergo reverse development as a survival mechanism against adverse environmental conditions. Polyp bail-out consists in the polyps’ detachment from the mother colony due to stressful conditions, followed by a complete tissue and cells rearrangement and in some cases in a regression into a simple, ciliated form. Here we describe a massive polyp bail-out event occurred in the mesophotic black coral Antipathella subpinnata in reared conditions. This is the first report of a bail-out event in this species providing new insights into the life cycle and ecology of black corals.

The volume of changes in the cerebral cortex in senile dementia

With an increase in the number of people lived, the process of destruction in a human organism, like in any other, takes over the process of creation. But in one, the signs of reverse development begin late, manifest themselves gradually, mental life resists old age for a long time, in the other, the weakness of the body is already relatively early in the eye, and, above all, the manifestations of premature dying are found in the spiritual side of life. Sometimes they act so sharply, so far go beyond the limits of physiological changes, that a picture of a clearly expressed psychosis is obtained. Since, in many cases, the phenomena of dementia come to the fore in this picture, the disorder is called senile dementia.