Effect of the dominant follicle on regression of its subordinates in heifers

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Adams ◽  
K. Kot ◽  
C. A. Smith ◽  
O. J. Ginther

The relationship between a dominant follicle of a follicular wave and the suppression of subordinate follicles was studied during the first postovulatory wave (Wave 1) in Holstein heifers. The dominant follicle (largest follicle) was cauterized or a sham-operation was done on day 3 (day 0 = ovulation) using seven heifers per group. In the cautery group, compared to the controls, the largest subordinate follicle attained a larger diameter (11 7 vs 8 0 mm; P < 0.01), reached maximum diameter at a later day (day 9.2 vs. day 3.1; P < 0 01) and began to regress at a later day (day 14.3 vs. day 5.7; P < 0.01). In addition, the emergence of Wave 2 was hastened (day 6.4 vs. day 9.3; P < 0.05) and more heifers had more than two waves per interovulatory interval (5 of 6 vs. 2 of 7; P < 0.05). In heifers with the dominant follicle eliminated, the largest subordinate grew to the diameter of a dominant follicle during Wave 1 (n = 3) or became the dominant follicle of a newly emerged wave (n = 2). A subordinate sometimes persisted as a small follicle (e.g., 5 mm) for several days before resurging. However, it was not convincingly demonstrated that a subordinate follicle could resurge after it had begun to regress (decrease in diameter). Results supported the hypothesis that suppression of subordinate follicles is a prolonged process, so that resurgence of a subordinate can occur if the dominant follicle is removed. Key words: Ovaries, follicular waves, selection, cattle, cauterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. e19504
Author(s):  
Uri Perez G. ◽  
David Pari P. ◽  
Fidel Gutierrez Y. ◽  
Julio Málaga A. ◽  
Natalio Luque M. ◽  
...  

La dinámica folicular ovárica monitoreada por vía transrectal (TR) y transvaginal (TV) en ondas sucesivas en llamas fue estudiada en 10 llamas con más de 4 años, multíparas, sin cría, estado corporal de 3.0, durante un periodo de 90 días en la época reproductiva. Se utilizó el ecógrafo Sonostar SS8® con un transductor lineal para el examen transrectal y transductor microconvexo endocavitario para el examen transvaginal, ambos con frecuencia de 6.5 MHz. El intervalo inter-onda fue de 20±4.4 y 22.5±5.3 por vía TR y TV, respectivamente; el número de folículos por cohorte fue 5.21±0.92 y 6.38±1.26 para TR y TV, respectivamente (p=0.0011); el diámetro máximo de folículos fue 12.49±3.57 mm para TR y 13.56±3.91 mm para TV; la tasa de crecimiento fue de 0.70±0.35 y 0.67±0.32 mm/día para TR y TV, respectivamente. La ecuación de regresión para relación del diámetro máximo folicular y duración de onda folicular vía TR fue de y=0.89766x+6.5554 (R²=0.423) y para la vía TV de y=0.8466x+10.184 (R²=0.479). La duración de las fases foliculares fue similar entre ambas técnicas con excepción de la fase de dominancia (10.2±3.19 días para TR y 8.67±2.46 para TV, p=0.0418). La relación entre el diámetro folicular y número de folículos detectados presentó una correlación negativa baja (R²=-0.0827 para TV y R²=-0.0876 para TR). En conclusión, el transductor endocavitario transvaginal permite determinar con mayor precisión las características de dinámica folicular en llamas en sus fases de reclutamiento, dominancia y regresión con sobreposición de ondas foliculares como característica importante.The ovarian follicular dynamics monitored by transrectal (TR) and transvaginal (TV) routes in successive waves was studied in 10 llamas older than 4 years, multiparous, without calves at foot, body condition of 3.0, during a period of 90 days in the reproductive season. The Sonostar SS8® ultrasound equipment was used with a linear transducer for transrectal examination and endocavitary microconvex transducer for transvaginal examination, both with a frequency of 6.5 MHz. The inter-wave interval was 20 ± 4.4 and 22.5 ± 5.3 via TR and VT, respectively; the number of follicles per cohort was 5.21 ± 0.92 and 6.38 ± 1.26 for TR and TV, respectively (p=0.0011); the maximum diameter of follicles was 12.49 ± 3.57 mm for TR and 13.56 ± 3.91 mm for TV; the growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.35 and 0.67 ± 0.32 mm/day for TR and TV, respectively. The regression equation for the ratio of the maximum follicular diameter and duration of follicular wave via TR was y=0.89766x+6.5554 (R²=0.423) and for the TV route y=0.8466x+10.184 (R²=0.479). The duration of the follicular phases was similar between both techniques except for the dominance phase (10.2±3.19 days for TR and 8.67±2.46 for TV, p=0.0418). The relationship between the follicular diameter and the number of follicles detected showed a low negative correlation (R²=-0.0827 for TV and R²=-0.0876 for TR). In conclusion, the transvaginal endocavitary transducer makes it possible to determine with greater precision the characteristics of llama follicular dynamics in their recruitment, dominance and regression phases with overlapping of follicular waves as an important characteristic.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Derar ◽  
H. A. Hussein

The objective of the current study was to describe follicular dynamics in Egyptian Jennies throughout the estrous cycle. In this experiment, 8 estrus cycles in 8 cyclic Jennies were studied from February to June using ultrasonography. The result revealed that one follicular wave per cycle was recorded throughout the studied period. Dominant follicle (DF) was firstly detected at day in Jennies. The growth rate of DF was  mm/day. Left ovulations were nonsignificantly () more than right ovulations (55.6% versus 44.6%). The CL was firstly detected at D , developed in a rate of  mm/day, reached a maximum diameter of  mm at D , and started to regress on D with a mean regression rate of  mm d-1. Results of the present study indicated that Jennies had one follicular wave per cycle. The Day of the cycle has a significant effect on the number of different classes of the ovarian follicles, but not large ones. Ultrasonographic characteristics of the preovulatory follicles could be useful to predict ovulation. CL developed and regressed in a slow rate.


2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
J.H.M. Viana ◽  
G.T.R.M. Coutinho ◽  
M.P. Palhao ◽  
L.S.A. Camargo ◽  
W.F. Sa ◽  
...  

Follicular dynamics of Zebu Cattle are characterized by lower maximum diameter and persistence of dominant follicles, when compared to European breeds. However, the main effects of follicular dominance on subordinated follicle population, and consequently on oocyte recovery and embryo production, have been shown to be similar among breeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dominant follicle establishment period, indicated by follicle divergence, in Zebu cows. Pluriparous, non-lactating Guzera breed (Bos indicus) cows (n=5), presenting a mean body weight of 518.0±48.5kg and similar body score condition (ranging from 3.5 to 4, in a 1 to 5 scale), were used. In a first trial, follicular dynamics were evaluated daily during 1 (n=2) or 2 (n=3) estrous cycles, using a portable ultrasound device equipped with a linear rectal 5MHz transducer (Aloka SSD500, Aloka Co., Tokyo, Japan). In a second trial, estrous cycles were synchronized using progesterone intravaginal-releasing devices (CIDR, Pharmacia, Sao Paulo, Brazil), and follicular dynamics were evaluated every 6h after ovulation, during the first follicular wave, until the largest follicle achieved a diameter of 10mm. During each evaluation ovaries were mapped, and evolution of follicles followed individually. Data are normalized for the moment of follicular divergence, and analyzed by ANOVA. Results are presented as mean±SD. Data from the first evaluations confirmed the occurrence of cycles with three (4/8) and four (1/8) follicular waves, despite a mean cycle length of 19.1±1.9 days, with a maximum diameter of 11.6±2.4mm for non-ovulatory follicles, and 14.4±0.5mm for ovulatory follicles. Follicular deviation during the first follicular wave occurred 49.2±5.0h after ovulation, when the largest follicle presented a diameter of 7.3±0.6mm, and the second largest follicle 6.8±0.7mm. Growth rates of the dominant and the largest subordinated follicles were similar before (0.35mm/6h vs. 0.33mm/6h, respectively;; P&gt;0.05), but significantly different after deviation (0.52mm 6h v. −0.04mm 6h; P&lt;0.05). These results shows that the lower maximum diameter and persistence of dominant follicles, in Zebu cattle, is partially compensated by an earlier dominant follicle deviation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Yapura ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
R. J. Mapletoft ◽  
R. Pierson ◽  
D. Rogan ◽  
...  

Letrozole, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, prevents the body from producing its own oestrogen. The potential use of this compound for herd synchronization is supported by previous studies in which letrozole treatment increased mean plasma LH concentrations, prolonged the period of dominance of the extant dominant follicle and delayed emergence of the next follicular wave. Heifers given a 3-day regimen of letrozole exhibited greater corpus luteum diameter indicative of a luteotrophic effect. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that letrozole treatment during the development of the preovulatory follicular wave will delay ovulation. Post-pubertal beef heifers were given 2 luteolytic doses of PGF (12 h apart) and monitored by ultrasonography for ovulation. Ovarian follicular wave emergence was synchronized by ultrasound-guided transvaginal follicular ablation 5 to 8 days after PGF-induced ovulation (Day –1 = follicular ablation, Day 0 = wave emergence) and a luteolytic dose of PGF was given 60 and 72 h later. On Day 1, heifers were divided randomly into 2 groups (n = 15/group) and given an intravaginal device containing 1 g of letrozole or a blank device (control). The intravaginal devices were removed on Day 7, or at the time of ovulation, whichever occurred first. The ovaries were monitored by ultrasonography and a blood sample was collected daily from day of ablation to 12 days post-ovulation. Single point measurements were analysed by t-tests and serial data were analysed by analysis of variance for repeated measures. Multiple contrasts were made by Tukey's test. The interval from placement of the intravaginal device to ovulation was longer in letrozole-treated animals (6.1 ± 0.25 vs 5.1 ± 0.26 days, P < 0.01). Compared with controls, the day-to-day diameter profile of the dominant follicle of the ovulatory wave was larger (P < 0.05) and the maximum diameter greater (14.6 ± 0.51 vs 12.4 ± 0.53 mm; P < 0.01) in letrozole-treated heifers. The diameter profile of the corpus luteum formed post-letrozole treatment did not differ between groups; however, plasma P4 concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) in heifers treated with letrozole. In summary, a slow-release intravaginal letrozole device delayed ovulation by 24 h and induced the formation of a corpus luteum that secreted higher levels of progesterone. A slow-release intravaginal letrozole device may become useful for the development of an aromatase inhibitor-based protocol to control ovulation for herd synchronization and to enhance fertility by increasing circulating progesterone concentrations during the first 7 days post-AI or embryo transfer in cattle. Supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and Bioniche Life Sciences Inc.


1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rubianes ◽  
T. de Castro ◽  
B. Carbajal

The effect of high progesterone levels in the growth of the largest (dominant) follicle of Wave 1 was monitored by daily ultrasonography in Corriedale ewes. Progesterone treatment decreased the growing rate (P < 0.05), lengthened the static phase (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease the maximum diameter attained by the dominant follicle (P < 0.06). Key words: Ewes, ultrasonography, dominant follicle, progesterone, wave 1


1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Viñoles ◽  
Edgardo Rubianes

The origin of the preovulatory follicle (POF) was determined by daily transrectal ultra-sonographic examinations in ewes given PGF2α on day 5 (n = 8) or day 9 (n = 8) post-ovulation. In all day-9 ewes, the POF originated from wave 2 while in the day-5 group it originated from wave 1 (n = 5) or wave 2 (n = 3). When the POF originated from wave 2 in day-5 ewes, the dominant follicle of wave 1 emerged earlier than in ewes with the POF from wave 1 (day –1.0 vs. day 0.8, P < 0.05) and was regressing at the time of PGF2α treatment (diameter 4.1 ± 0.4 vs. 2.8 ± 0.3 mm, P < 0.05). The dominant follicle of wave 1 became POF if it was in the growing or plateau phase at the time of luteolysis. If it was already in the regressing phase, the dominant follicle of wave 2 became the POF. Key words: PGF2α, luteolysis, ovarian follicular waves, ultrasonography, ewes


2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. KOZICKI ◽  
M.S. SEGUI ◽  
J.C. FANTINI FILHO ◽  
F.R.A. PRADO ◽  
F. MATTÉ ◽  
...  

O objetivo do experimento foi testar os efeitos da somatotrofina bovina (BST) no recrutamento de folículos ovarianos, durante o ciclo estral de vacas. Foram utilizadas seis vacas não lactantes Bostrurus taurus antes do experimento, os animais foram submetidos a exames ginecológicos completos, estando o escore médio da condição corporal dos animais em 3,0. As vacas foram divididas ao acaso em dois grupos: G1 - três animais, tratados com somatotrofina bovina recombinante (BST) 500 mg, de liberação lenta com vitamina E (IM); G2 - três vacas controles, que receberam 10 ml (IM) de solução fisiológica estéril como placebo. Para sincronizar o estro base das vacas foram utilizados implantes de norgestomet de 3 mg, na face externa da orelha (SC). O implante permaneceu por 10 dias seguidos nos animais de ambos os grupos e na sua retirada, utilizou-se uma dose de 500 ì g de cloprostenol (IM). No 3º dia pós estro os animais foram tratados respectivamente com BST (G1) e solução fisiológica para os controles (G2). Diariamente, a partir do dia do estro base até o próximo estro, os ovários das vacas foram “monitorados¨ ultrassonograficamente com vistas ao número de folículos recrutados em cada onda folicular, verificação do folículo dominante (FD) e sua evolução, bem como o diâmetro individual dos outros folículos. Para o monitoramento folicular ovariano, foi utilizado aparelho de ultrassonografia e transdutor linear de 5.0 megahertz. Foram detectados durante o ciclo estral em média 8,5 e 8,3 folículos maiores que 4,0 mm de diâmetro nos animais dos G1 e G2 respectivamente; em torno do 10º dia pós tratamento observou-se o maior número de folículos recrutados em ambos os grupos; houve cinco animais com 2 ondas foliculares e um com três, sendo o número de folículos recrutados em cada onda como segue (G1 e G2, respectivamente): 1ª onda 7,6 e 7,0; 2ª onda 8,3 e 8,0; dia da detecção do 1º FD 1,0 e 1,6 dias ; 2º FD 8,6 e 9,0 dias; duração da 1ª onda folicular 11,6 e 9,6 dias; da 2ª onda folicular 8,0 e 7,6 dias; diâmetro máximo do 1º FD 18,2 e 15,8 mm; do 2º FD 16,6 e 15,0 mm; diâmetro do corpo lúteo (CL) do estro base 30,7 e 24,3 mm; dia do diâmetro folicular máximo pós tratamento do FD da 1ª onda: 8,6º e 10,3º; do 2º FD 18,6º e 16,6º dia. Baseados nesses resultados concluiu-se que a aplicação isolada de BST no 3º dia do ciclo estral, não exerceu influência entre os grupos relativamente ao recrutamento folicular ovariano, à exceção da duração da fase luteal, a qual alongou-se significativamente (p0,05) entre os grupos. A administração do BST expressou uma tendência em maior número de folículos recrutados (p>0,05). The bovine somatotrophin in the estrus cycle and its relationships with the ovarian follicular recruitment in cows Abstract The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of the bovine somatotropin (BST) on the ovarian follicular wave of estrus cycle in cows. Six nonlactating cows Bos taurus taurus, from which four Holstein Friesian, one Jersey and one Holstein-pingzgauer breed, were used. The cows were submitted to a genital examination prior to the experiment, the mean body score condition observed being 3.0. The animals were maintained on oat and azeven pasture, with corn silage and mineral suplementation ad libitum. The cows were ramdomly divided in two groups: G1 – three animals treated with 500 mg BST in the third day post estrus; G2 - three control cows (10 ml physiologic solution). Norgestomet implants on the ear internal face and intramuscular PGF2 alpha were used to perform the estrus synchronization. The bovine ovaries were daily scanned by ultrasound, from the estrus day to the following estrus, in order to detect the follicular development in each follicular wave. During the estrus cycle 8.5 and 8.3 follicles bigger than 4.0 mm of diameter were detected in G1 and G2, respectively. The highest number of recruitment follicles occurred in both groups around the 10th day post treatment; five cows had two follicular waves and the other, one. The number of recruitment follicles in each wave for G1 and G2 group was respectively: 1st wave, 7.6 and 7.0; 2nd wave, 8.3 and 8.0; 1st dominant follicle (FD) detection 1.0 and 1.6 days; 2nd FD detection 8.6 and 9.0 days; 1st follicular wave length, 11.6 and 9.6 days; 2nd follicular wave, 8.0 and 7.6 days. The maximum diameter of the 1st FD was 18.2 and 15.8 mm; from the 2nd FD 16.6 and 15.0 mm; CL diameter from the estrus basis, 30.7 and 24.3 mm; at the day of the major follicular diameter post treatment of the 1st FD (1st wave) 8.6 and 10.3; from the 2nd wave, FD 18.6 and 16.6 day, respectively. In conclusion, the isolated administration of BST in the 3rd day of the estrus cycle did not influence the follicular recruitment between groups, except on the length of the luteal phase (p0.05) between groups. The BST effect appointed a tendency on the greater number of recruitment follicles (p>0,05).


2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-483
Author(s):  
D.R. Mackey ◽  
J.F. Roche ◽  
J.M. Sreenan ◽  
M.G. Diskin

AbstractThe effects of acute nutritional change on endocrine and ovarian parameters were studied in two experiments. In both experiments, cyclic beef heifers fed a diet of 1.2 times maintenance (1.2 M) were synchronised using an intravaginal progesterone releasing device which was removed after 8 days. In Experiment 1, heifers were randomly allocated to a diet of either 0.4, 1.2 or 2.0 M one day before progesterone withdrawal. The dominant follicle present at progesterone withdrawal (synchronised DF) failed to ovulate in 2/8 heifers fed 0.4 M, and both growth rate (P<0.05) and maximum diameter (P<0.05) of the first new follicular wave was less than in heifers fed either 1.2 or 2.0 M. There was no effect of diet on LH pulse characteristics at emergence, selection or dominance phases of the first follicle wave of the next cycle (P>0.10). Due to anovulation of the synchronised DF in Experiment 1, a further experiment was conducted (Experiment 2) to examine pro-oestrus oestradiol and LH concentrations at both ovulation of the synchronised DF and prostaglandin-induced ovulation of the first DF of the next cycle (when insemination was performed). All heifers had a pro-oestrus increase in the concentration of oestradiol following progesterone withdrawal, but 2 heifers fed 0.4 M did not have an LH surge and did not ovulate. The first DF after the synchronised DF failed to ovulate in 12/20 heifers fed 0.4 M (P<0.05), always preceded by absence of a pro-oestrus increase in oestradiol and an LH surge. Where heifers ovulated, there was no effect of diet on conception rate. We conclude that acute nutritional restriction of beef heifers caused an immediate suppression in the growth rate and maximum diameter of dominant follicles, but this occurred without any suppression effect on LH pulse characteristics. Restriction to 0.4 M induced anovulation in 60% of heifers within 14 days and this was preceded by the absence of an LH surge. Where ovulation did occur, acute NEB in the final stages of follicle maturation did not appear to affect pregnancy rate.


2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2501-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO HENRIQUE MOREIRA VIANA ◽  
ADEMIR DE MORAES FERREIRA ◽  
WANDERLEI FERREIRA DE SÁ ◽  
LUIZ SÉRGIO DE ALMEIDA CAMARGO

The aim of this study was to investigate the follicular dynamics during estrous cycle in Gir breed (Bos indicus) cows. Follicular growth and atresia during estrous cycle were evaluated using a portable ultrasound device. Luteal activity was evaluated by serum progesterone levels. Cycles with two (6.67%), three (60.00%), four (26.67%) and five (6.67%) follicular waves were observed. There was no difference (P>0.05) in dominant or subordinate follicles growth or atresia rates among follicular waves. The maximum diameter of the ovulatory follicle was higher than the diameter of the other dominant follicles in cycles with four waves, and higher than the diameter of the second dominant follicle in cycles with three waves (P<0.05). There was no difference (P>0.05) in estrous cycle length (21.11±1.76 and 22.25±1.71 days) or progesterone levels during diestrous (4.48±1.45 and 5.08±1.40 ng/mL) between cycles with three or four waves. Follicular dynamics in Gir cattle is characterized by a higher incidence of cycles with three or four waves, associated with a low persistence of the dominant follicle.


Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-953
Author(s):  
Rafael R Domingues ◽  
O J Ginther ◽  
Mateus Z Toledo ◽  
Milo C Wiltbank

Understanding the impacts of nutrition on reproductive physiology in cattle are fundamental to improve reproductive efficiency for animals under different nutritional conditions. Starting on Day 0 (day of ovulation) until next ovulation, Holstein heifers (n = 24) were fed: low energy diet (ad libitum grass hay; LED) and high energy diet (ad libitum grass hay + concentrate supplement; HED). Heifers on HED gained more weight (average daily gain: 0.824 ± 0.07 vs 0.598 ± 0.09 kg/day) and had increased insulin concentrations. The dominant follicle of wave 1 in HED had greater growth rate overall from Days 0 to 8 and on Days 6–7 and 8–9 and started atresia later. The dominant follicle of wave 2 in HED had greater growth rate overall from Day 9 to 18 and on Days 14–15 and 15–16. In two-wave patterns, there was no difference in estradiol or progesterone concentrations but concentrations of FSH were lower in HED on Days 15 and 16. Estradiol concentrations increased earlier in two-wave patterns in association with earlier luteolysis. The frequency of two follicular waves was greater in HED than LED (11/12 vs 6/11; 92.7% vs 54.5%). In conclusion, an acute increase in dietary energy altered not only growth rate of the dominant follicle but also follicular wave pattern in heifers by increasing frequency of two follicular waves. The hypotheses were supported that an acute increase in dietary energy (1) prolongs growth period of dominant follicles and (2) alters follicular wave pattern in heifers.


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