COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

NITROGENASE ACTIVITY OF ALFALFA GROWN ALONE AND IN MIXTURE WITH GRASS UNDER GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-791
Author(s):  
H. A. BURITY ◽  
B. E. COULMAN ◽  
M. A. FARIS
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Nodule Tissue

A greenhouse experiment has shown that total nitrogenase activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is not significantly affected when grown in association with timothy (Phleum pratense L.), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss) or orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) except after initial harvest when decreased alfalfa activity was associated with smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass. It was concluded that mixed cultures of alfalfa with timothy, smooth bromegrass or orchardgrass have no effect on alfalfa N2 fixation. The results also suggest the occurrence of N transference from alfalfa to associated grasses. It is speculated that this transfer is not primarily due to the death of roots and nodule tissue (after harvest), but involves some degree of N excretion during the period before initial harvest.Key words: Alfalfa-grass mixtures, N2-fixation, nodule activity, N-transference

scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

Оценка гибридных образцов многолетних злаковых трав в условиях Приморского края

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Наталия Леонидовна Клочкова ◽  
Ольга Николаевна Теличко ◽  
Ольга Михайловна Скалозуб
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Многолетние травы являются растениями многопланового использования. Изучены биологические, хозяйственно ценные признаки и свойства гибридов многолетних злаковых трав, выделены лучшие из них для использования в создании новых интенсивных сортов. Приведены данные, полученные в результате селекционной работы с многолетними травами в условиях Приморского края в 2018 – 2019 гг. В селекционных питомниках F1 изучали 4 гибридных образца тимофеевки луговой (Phleum pratense L.) и 3 гибридных образца ежи сборной (Dactylis glomerata L.). Из образцов ежи сборной по урожайности семян выделился гибридный образец № 2(II) (Дикорастущая × Аукштуоле) — превышение над стандартом составило 8,7 г/м2. По массе 1000 семян имела преимущество гибридная комбинация № 1(I) (Дикорастущая × Аукштуоле), которая превышала стандарт на 0,02 г/м2. По урожайности семян тимофеевки луговой выделились следующие гибридные образцы: Моршанская 69 × Приморская местная, Приморская местная × Нарымская. Данные образцы превзошли стандарт на 16 – 73 %. По массе 1000 семян имела преимущество гибридная комбинация Моршанская 69 × Приморская — превышение над стандартом составило 24 %. Выделившиеся гибридные образцы далее будут использованы в селекционной работе с целью создания новых сортов многолетних трав.

YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF MONOCULTURES AND MIXTURES OF BROMEGRASS, ORCHARDGRASS AND TIMOTHY

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. COULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binary And Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Percent Composition ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the relative yielding ability of binary and ternary mixtures of bromegrass (Brotnus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and timothy (Phleum pratense L.); and (b) determine the relative competitiveness of the three species in mixtures. Two experiments were established in 1981 and 1982 and each evaluated for three consecutive production years. Bromegrass was the highest yielding monoculture in both experiments, followed by timothy, with orchardgrass being the lowest. Among mixtures, bromegrass-timothy was the highest yielding and orchardgrass-timothy the lowest. Yields of mixtures generally fell between the yields of the monocultures of the component species. There were, however, two examples of mixtures significantly (P = 0.05) outyielding their highest yielding component monoculture. For the bromegrass-timothy mixture there was a trend towards higher yields than the bromegrass monoculture in the second and third years. Mixtures were generally more competitive against weed invasion than were monocultures. In mixtures, orchardgrass was usually the most competitive of the three species, with its percent composition increasing substantially by the end of the third production year. Bromegrass was intermediate in competitiveness, increasing in percent composition in mixtures with timothy, but decreasing in mixtures with orchardgrass. Timothy was the least competitive, decreasing markedly in all mixtures, particularly those which included orchardgrass.Key words: Orchardgrass, bromegrass, timothy, forage grass mixtures, interspecific competition

Effects of fertilizer salt concentration on viability of seed and Rhizobium used for hydroseeding

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Carr ◽  
T. M. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

For testing salt effects on seed and Rhizobium, 10–30–10 fertilizer and KCl solutions were used; the solutions had an osmotic potential of − 2.5 MPa, equivalent to 90 kg of the fertilizer per cubic metre of water. Solution contact for 1 h slightly affected the viability of Rhizobium trifolii Dangeard but the effects were not of practical significance. Reduced viability was exhibited by Festuca arundinacea Schreb., F. rubra L. var. commutata Gaud., and Trifolium repens L. seed which had been rinsed after 1 h of fertilizer solution contact. Agrostis alba L., Dactylis glomerata L., F. rubra L., Lolium perenne L., L. multiflorum L., Phleum pratense L., T. hybridum L., and T. pratense L. were not significantly affected. In tests of seed unrinsed after solution contact for 1 h, viability of F. rubra, F. arundinacea, and T. repens was significantly reduced; that of L. multiflorum was not. Trifolium repens was more affected than in the test of rinsed seed.As T. repens viability was reduced as much as 30%, seed of this species might be applied separately from hydroseeder slurries having high fertilizer concentrations. Significant effects on other species tested are too small to influence hydroseeding methods, but amount and proportion of the seed mix may be altered where high fertilizer concentrations are used.

scholarly journals Recurrent restricted phenotypic selection for forage yield in timothy and orchardgrass

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shateryan ◽  
B. E. Coulman ◽  
D. E. Mather
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Three cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection for forage yield were carried out in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. 'Avon' and 'Pennlate') and timothy (Phleum pratense L. 'Salvo' and 'Drummond'). The objectives of this study were to measure the effectiveness of this selection and to assess whether the selection produced any correlated responses on other characters. The three selected cycles and the original populations (cycle 0) were evaluated in both sward and space-planted experiments over a period of 4 yr. For the majority of the years of evaluation, there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in forage yield among the different selection cycles. Under space-planted evaluation, cycle 3 of Drummond timothy was lower in both forage and seed yield than the other populations. In general, there was a trend to taller plants with greater circumferences in orchardgrass, and shorter, smaller plants in timothy over selection cycles. Selection had little effect on plant persistence and maturity. In conclusion, three cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection were not effective in improving the forage yield of timothy or orchardgrass. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense, orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, recurrent selection

EFFECTS OF CLIPPING AND NITROGEN ON COMPETITION BETWEEN THREE PASTURE SPECIES

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Wilson ◽  
W. S. MoGuire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

In three herbage mixtures comprised of different combinations of orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L., creeping red fescue, Festuca rubra L., and common white clover, Trifolium repens L., highest yields of the grasses were obtained when 1) harvesting was delayed until only 2 per cent of the incident light near mid-day penetrated to the base of the sward rather than at 10 per cent penetration, 2) a 2-inch rather than a 4-inch stubble was left after cutting, and 3) nitrogen fertilizer was applied. The same cutting treatments gave maximum yields of the associated clover without nitrogen fertilization, but when nitrogen was applied higher clover yields were obtained when cutting was at 10 per cent light penetration. Yields of the two grasses were approximately the same when grown with clover only, but in the two-grass association orchardgrass held the fescue to a low proportion in the mixture.Results did not support the concept of maintaining a specified minimum leaf area index (LAI) for maximum yield of the herbage mixture.

Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Control in Red Fescue Seed Production

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Wyse ◽  
Laddie J. Elling ◽  
Donald B. White ◽  
Robert L. McGraw
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Agropyron Repens

Sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, RO-13-8895 {acetone-O-[d-2-[p-[α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl-oxy]phenoxy] propionyl] oxime}, and KK-80 {4-[4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] phenoxyl]-2-pentenoic} were evaluated for potential use for controlling quackgrass [Agropyron repens(L.) Beauv., # AGRRE] in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL. ‘NK200’), smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermisLeyss. ‘Sac’), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerataL. ‘Nordstern’), timothy (Phleum pratenseL. ‘Climax’), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL. ‘Park’), Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinaceaeL. ‘Rise’), meadow fescue (Festuca elatiorL.), and red fescue (Festuca rubraL.). The three herbicides, when applied postemergence at 1.1 kg ai/ha, caused severe injury to all species except red fescue. ‘Pennlawn’, ‘Ruby’, ‘Dawson’, MN67123, MN673, and MN6354 red fescue entries were tolerant to the three herbicides in both greenhouse and field experiments. Sethoxydim and RO-13-8895 effectively controlled quackgrass in Pennlawn red fescue, but KK-80 was not effective.

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