scholarly journals The resistance of Lolium perenne L. × hybridum, Poa pratensis, Festuca rubra, F. arundinacea, Phleum pratense and Dactylis glomerata to soil pollution by diesel oil and petroleum

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Wyszkowska ◽  
Agata Borowik ◽  
Jan Kucharski
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Resistance of common European grasses to diesel oil and petroleum pollution is not well-known. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the level of resistance of selected grasses to pollution by diesel and petroleum using the pot experiment. The achieved results were compared with those determined for grasses grown on the non-polluted soil. Soil pollution with the tested products was found to significantly decrease the yield of all grasses, with the decrease being lower upon soil pollution with petroleum than with diesel oil. The most resistant to the pollution with diesel oil and petroleum were Phleum pratense L., Lolium perenne L. and Lolium × hybridum Hausskn. The degradation of particular groups of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) depended on their chemical properties, on the type of pollutant and grass species. The greatest degradation was determined in the case of BTEX, C<sub>6</sub>–C<sub>12</sub> benzines as well as 2- and 3-ring hydrocarbons, whereas the lowest in the case of 5-and 6-ring hydrocarbons and C<sub>12</sub>–C<sub>25</sub> oils. The most useful species in the remediation of soils polluted with diesel oil and petroleum turned out to be: Lolium perenne L., Lolium × hybridum Hausskn and Phleum pratense L., whereas the least useful appeared to be: Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata L. and Poa pratensis L.

scholarly journals The effect of some herbicides on seed yield of six grass species – Short Communication

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
J. Macháč ◽  
B. Cagaš ◽  
R. Macháč
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius

The tolerance to or phytotoxicity of selected herbicides and their impact on seed yield was investigated in six grasses grown for seed: Phleum pratense cv. Sobol (a), Festuca rubra cv. T&aacute;borsk&aacute; (b), Festuca pratensis cv. Otava (c), Poa pratensis cv. Slezanka (d), Arrhenatherum elatius cv. Medi&aacute;n (e) and Dactylis glomerata cv. Zora (f). All species were tolerant to Grodyl 75 WG (amidosulfuron 75%), (a) and (f) were tolerant to Grodyl plus (amidosulfuron 15 g/kg + isoproturon 600 g/kg) which was phytotoxic to the other grass species; all species were tolerant to Stomp 330 E (pendimethalin 330 g/l); Lintur 70 WG (triasulfuron 4.1% + dicamba 65.9%) was phytotoxic only to (c) while the other species were tolerant to it.

scholarly journals ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ СТВОРЕННЯ ПАСОВИЩ ДЛЯ ОЛЕНЯ ЛІСОВОГО В УМОВАХ ВОЛЬЄРНОГО РОЗВЕДЕННЯ

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
L. M. Bugryn ◽  
T. V. Partyka ◽  
O. M. Pokhaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Vicia Cracca ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Проаналізовано рослинний та ґрунтовий покрив земель, виведених із сільськогосподарського користування під влаштування фермерського мисливського господарства. Видовий склад на території вольєра нараховує 60 видів рослин, більшість з яких представлена різнотрав'ям, а основні злаки характеризуються низькою кормовою цінністю. Бобові представлені тільки розкиданими екземплярами горошку мишачого (Vicia cracca L.) та конюшини повзучої (Trifolium repens L.). Така невелика кількість цінних злакових і бобових трав зумовлює необхідність докорінного покращення наявних пасовищ. Виявлено низьку забезпеченість ґрунтів досліджуваної території поживними елементами, низький ступінь гумусованості, кислу реакцію середовища. Характеристики ґрунту зумовлюють використання як бобового компонента травосуміші лядвенцю рогатого (Lotus corniculatus L.) та конюшини гібридної (Trifolium hybridum L.). Запропоновано в умовах Полісся Західного на середньозволожених луках із мінеральними ґрунтами на територіях, виведених із сільськогосподарського використання, залужувати пасовища для оленя лісового (Cervus elaphus L.) сумішами із тимофіївки лучної (Phleum pratense L.), грястиці збірної (Dactylis glomerata L.), пажитниці багаторічної (Lolium perenne L.), лядвенцю рогатого та конюшини гібридної.

scholarly journals Analysis of dry matter yield structure of forage grasses

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lemežienė ◽  
J. Kanapeckas ◽  
P. Tarakanovas ◽  
S. Nekrošas
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Yield Structure

An average dry matter yield structure (three cuts per growing season) in relation to agronomically valuable characteristics of six forage grass species and a year of herbage utilization was studied over the period of 1989&ndash;2002 in Lithuania. The most productive species of the first cut of two years of herbage utilization were Phleum pratense (P &lt; 0.01) and Festulolium hybrids (P &lt; 0.05) (average dry matter yield were 7.42 and 6.66 t/ha, respectively), moderately productive &ndash; Festuca pratensis, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne (5.58, 5.42 and 5.20 t/ha), significantly lower (P &lt; 0.01) yielding was Poa pratensis (4.19 t/ha). During two years of herbage utilization Dactylis glomerata produced significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher dry matter yield of aftermath &ndash; 7.30 t/ha. Other grass species were ranked in the following order: Festulolium hybrids 5.85 t/ha, Festuca pratensis 4.94 t/ha, Poa pratensis 4.57 t/ha, Lolium perenne 4.48 t/ha, and Phleum pratense 3.92 t/ha. Dactylis glomerata and Poa pratensis distinguished by the highest aftermath percent in the structure of the annual dry matter yield (57.7 and 52.2%). Phleum pratense formed an especially poor aftermath &ndash; only 34.6%. An average annual dry matter yield data analysis of two years of herbage utilization over the period of 1989&ndash;2002 showed that Dactylis glomerata and Festulolium hybrids were most productive (P &lt; 0.01) species.

COPPER, MOLYBDENUM AND SULFUR CONTENTS OF FORAGE CROPS AT KAPUSKASING, ONTARIO

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. LESSARD ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
R. B. CARSON ◽  
J. M. WAUTHY
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Reed Canarygrass ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Each of the species birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), timothy (Phleum pratense L.), bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) and creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in the field on 10 plots sampled at weekly intervals in rotation from June 13. Each plot was resampled after 6 weeks and all samples were analyzed for copper, molybdenum and sulfur. In most species, levels of Cu and Mo were highest in the early samplings and decreased with advancing maturity. Second-cut samples tended to be higher in Cu, Mo and S than first-cut samples. The S content was more uniform in the first cycle but increased considerably in the second cycle, especially in reed canarygrass. The ranges in Cu content were 7.4 to 14.1 ppm for birdsfoot trefoil and 3.7 to 11.4 ppm for the grasses. Mo ranged from 1.9 to 8.1 ppm in birdsfoot trefoil and from 1.0 to 6.5 ppm in the grasses. The overall range in S content was from 0.14 to 0.95%. The mineral composition of the crops is discussed in relation to the requirement of ruminants for these three elements.

scholarly journals Effects of grass species on ruminal degradability of silages and prediction of dry matter effective degradability

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jančík ◽  
V. Koukolová ◽  
P. Kubelková ◽  
B. Čermák
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Accuracy Level ◽  
Ruminal Degradability

Forty samples of grass silages, made from the five most widely used grass species in ruminant nutrition (<I>Dactylis glomerata</I> L.,<I>Phleum pratense</I> L., <I>Lolium perenne</I> L., <I>Festuca arundinacea</I> L. and hybrid Felina) were tested in the present study. These grass species conserved by an ensiling process were compared among each other according to dry matter (DM) rumen degradability parameters (<I>a</I> = portion of DM solubilized at initiation of incubation, <I>b</I> = fraction of DM potentially degradable in the rumen, <I>c</I> = rate constant of disappearance of fraction b and ED<sub>DM</sub> = effective degradability of DM, estimated for each ingredient assuming the rumen solid outflow rates of 0.02 (ED<sub>DM2</sub>), 0.05 (ED<sub>DM5</sub>) and 0.08 (ED<sub>DM8</sub>) h<sup>–1</sup>). Based on the chemical composition of grass silages the regression equations for prediction of ED<sub>DM</sub> were evaluated. The influence of the ensiling process on dry matter degradability parameters was also assessed. The best values of ED<sub>DM</sub> were determined for <I>Lolium perenne</I> (ED<sub>DM2</sub> = 753.2, ED<sub>DM5</sub> = 631.1 and ED<sub>DM8</sub> = 567.7 g/kg DM). The best predictor was NDF (<I>R</I><sup>2</sup>-values of 0.757 (ED<sub>DM2</sub>), 0.863 (ED<sub>DM5</sub>) and 0.906 (ED<sub>DM8</sub>)). Using two predictors the accuracy level increased. The combination of CF and NDF gave <I>R</I><sup>2</sup>-values 0.892, 0.920 and 0.929 for ED<sub>DM2</sub>, ED<sub>DM5</sub> and ED<sub>DM8</sub>, respectively. The regression equations based on the most important grass species harvested in different vegetation periods seem to be a useful tool for practical use. No significant <I>P</I> < 0.05) effect of the ensiling process in relation to dry matter rumen degradability parameters was proved.

scholarly journals Contribution of different grass species to plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange in intensively managed grassland

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mattsson ◽  
B. Herrmann ◽  
S. Jones ◽  
A. Neftel ◽  
M. A. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Apoplastic Ph ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Ammonia Exchange

Abstract. Species diversity in grasslands usually declines with increasing input of nitrogen from fertilizers or atmospheric deposition. Conversely, species diversity may also impact the build-up of soil and plant nitrogen pools. One important pool is NH3/NH4+ which also can be exchanged between plant leaves and the atmosphere. Limited information is available on how plant-atmosphere ammonia exchange is related to species diversity in grasslands. We have here investigated grass species abundance and different foliar nitrogen pools in 4-year-old intensively managed grassland. Apoplastic pH and NH4+ concentrations of the 8 most abundant species (Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Festuca pratensis, Lolium multiflorum, Poa pratensis, Dactylis glomerata, Holcus lanatus, Bromus mollis) were used to calculate stomatal NH3 compensation points. Apoplastic NH4+ concentrations differed considerably among the species, ranging from 13 to 117 μM, with highest values in Festuca pratensis. Also apoplastic pH values varied, from pH 6.0 in Phleum pratense to 6.9 in Dactylis glomerata. The observed differences in apoplastic NH4+ and pH resulted in a large span of predicted values for the stomatal NH3 compensation point which ranged between 0.20 and 6.57 nmol mol−1. Three species (Lolium perenne, Festuca pratensis and Dactylis glomerata) had sufficiently high NH3 compensation point and abundance to contribute to the bi-directional NH3 fluxes recorded over the whole field. The other 5 grass species had NH3 compensation points considerably below the atmospheric NH3 concentration and were thus not likely to contribute to NH3 emission but only to NH3 uptake from the atmosphere. Evaluated across species, leaf bulk-tissue NH4+ concentrations correlated well (r2=0.902) with stomatal NH3 compensation points calculated on the basis of the apoplastic bioassay. This suggests that leaf tissue NH4+ concentrations combined with data for the frequency distribution of the corresponding species can be used for predicting the NH3 exchange potential of a mixed grass sward.

scholarly journals Пропозиції щодо реконструкції парку села Піківець Уманського району

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
A. V. Kodzhebash
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Papaver Rhoeas ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Matricaria Recutita ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Linum Grandiflorum ◽  
Pyracantha Coccinea

Парк у с. Піківець Уманського району Черкаської області було закладено у 50-60-х роках ХХ ст. у центрі села, а саме біля сільського клубу. Насамперед потрібно провести санітарне рубання та обрізування дерев. Пропонуємо підсіяти мавританський газон, а в місці, де зростає пирій повзучий (Elytrigia repens L.), повністю замінити травостій на газон. Згідно з проектом розширюється стежкова мережа. Запропоновано створення доріжок з бетонної тротуарної плитки завширшки 0,75 та 1,5 м. Деякі стежки виконуватимуть транзитну роль, а деякі сполучатимуть окремі елементи парку. З малих архітектурних форм у парку встановлюємо альтанку для відпочинку. Також запропоновано збільшити кількість лавок, додавши дугоподібну лавку на круглому майданчику, у центрі якого розміщуватиметься клумба. Позаду кругової лавки, у північно-східній частині парку запроектовано створення декоративної групи з кущів. Асортимент рослин для цієї групи включає: Berberis thunbergii DC, Forsythia europaea Deg. et Bald., Pyracantha coccinea (L.) M. Roem, Syringa vulgaris L., Cotoneaster horizontalis Decne. Для клумб використовуємо цибулькові ранньоквітучі види, а також переважно тіньовитривалі багаторічники. Рекомендуємо створити мавританський газон, до складу якого входять: костриця червона (Festuca rubra L.), райграс пасовищний (Lolium perenne L.), тонконіг лучний (Poa pratensis L.), мак польовий (Papaver rhoeas L.), льон великоквітковий (Linum grandiflorum Desf.), ромашка лікарська (Matricaria recutita L.), низькорослі сорти космеї (Cosmos Cav.), чорнобривці мексиканські (Tagetes tenuifolia Сav.), гіпсофіла повзуча (Gypsophila muralis L.), гіпсофіла витончена (Gypsophila elegans M. Bieb.).

The effect of lime and phosphate on soils and sown species in the Falkland Islands

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. McAdam
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Improved Pasture

SUMMARYExperiments to determine the effects of a range of applied lime and phosphate treatments on the establishment of species and the subsequent herbage production in the first and second seasons following sowing on four sites in the Falkland Islands are described and the results discussed.Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis established, successfully yielding up to 4·5 t D.M./ha per year with inputs of 55 kg N, 50 kg P and 20 kg K/ha. Applied P increased the yield of herbage and produced a small, though significant, increase in P status of the soil.The lowest level of applied lime (0·63 t/ha) increased the soil pH to 5·0 and although this did not affect the yield or botanical composition of the grass component of the sward it did affect the presence and nodulation of white clover.The problems of establishing white clover are presented in view of the severe limitations on the use of lime and fertilizer in the Islands. The implications of grazing this improved pasture are discussed in relation to increased pasture production and improved soil fertility.

scholarly journals Productivity and Quality of Diverse Ripe Pasture Grass Fodder Depends on the Method of Soil Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uliana Karbivska ◽  
Volodymyr Kurgak ◽  
Valentyna Gamayunova ◽  
Andrii Butenko ◽  
Lesia Malynka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Different Depths

In this study, we investigated the influence of soil cultivation method on the productivity and quality of pasture grass fodder. We found that increasing the depth of cultivation from 8–10 cm to 20–22 cm (using surface tillage with disk implements) improved the productivity of all the grass species studied – <em>Phleum pratense</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, <em>Phalaris arundinacea</em>, <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>rubra </em>– by an average of 2%–3% at an LSD<sub>05</sub> of 0.30 t ha<sup>−1</sup>, over a period of 3 years. On average, the most important factor influencing the production of 1 ha of dry mass appeared to be the species of grass, accounting for 57% of the variation. The depth of soil tillage was also important, accounting for 43% of the variation. Of all the species studied, the highest productivity was exhibited by <em>Lolium perenne </em>(0.35 t ha<sup>−1</sup> of dry weight). Increasing the soil cultivation depth led to an increase in the content of crude protein and albumen (0.9%–1.1%). According to the analysis of organic matter content and digestibility of the fodder, across the different depths of soil cultivation, the early ripening species <em>Dactylis glomerata</em>, and the average ripening species <em>Festuca </em><em>orientalis</em>, <em>Lolium perenne</em>, and <em>Bromus </em><em>inermis</em>, performed best. Considering the different depths of soil cultivation, <em>Lolium perenne </em>[154 g; surface tillage (disking) 8–10 cm] and <em>Festuca</em><em> </em><em>orientalis </em>(152 g; ploughing 20–22 cm) provided the most fodder units with digestible protein.

scholarly journals Repatriation of lost old grass varieties to the germplasm collection of the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S37-S39
Author(s):  
M. Ševčíková
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Grass Breeding ◽  
Arrhenatherum Elatius ◽  
Crop Research

&nbsp;In former Czechoslovakia, grass breeding was located in the three distinct regions of Southern Bohemia and Northern Moravia during the 1920’s; and later in Slovakia in the 1940’s. This resulted in the development of 45 cultivars of 17 grass species which originated from local ecotypes and were named after the place of their breeding (<I>e.g. </I>Táborský, Větrovský, Rožnovský, and Levočský). Most of these historical cultivars were not preserved in any national germplasm collection, and the number of missing accessions amounted to 27 of the 34 deleted varieties. Using the findings about unpreserved materials of Czechoslovak origin in the European Central Crop Databases, as well as the EURISCO web catalogue, it was possible to repatriate 7 historical cultivars (<I>Arrhenatherum elatius </I>Větrovský, <I>Festuca pratensis </I>Větrovská, <I>Festuca rubra </I>Rožnovská, <I>Lolium perenne </I>Táborský, <I>Phleum pratense </I>Větrovský, <I>Poa nemoralis </I>Rožnovská, and <I>Poa pratensis </I>Levočská) from the gene banks of the neighbouring European countries. The accessions were regenerated, and their seed has been stored <I>ex situ </I>in the Gene Bank of the Crop Research Institute in Prague. &nbsp;

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