RELATION OF INFESTATION WITH SUNFLOWER MOTH HOMOEOSOMA ELECTELLUM LARVAE TO THE INCIDENCE OF RHIZOPUS ROT IN SUNFLOWER SEED HEADS

Larvae of the moth Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst.) were found consistently in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seed heads affected with Rhizopus rot in California. Both Rhizopus rot and larvae were found in 88% of the rotted heads examined and only Rhizopus rot was evident in 12% of the heads. Head rot developed in 55–100% of the sunflower heads artificially inoculated in the field with both Rhizopus oryzae Went & Brinsen-Geerlings and H. ellectellum larvae and in 5–20% of the heads inoculated only with Rhizopus. Rot did not occur in heads in which only larvae were present. Larvae enhanced infection of the receptacle by Rhizopus through feeding injury. Ingested spores that are viable after passage through the gut of a larva can be spread by larvae into the inner tissues of the sunflower receptacle.

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Rhizopus oryzae Associated with Melanagromyza splendida and Stem Disease of Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) in California

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-rs-14-0042 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 39-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Febina M. Mathew ◽

Jarrad R. Prasifka ◽

Stephen D. Gaimari ◽

Li Shi ◽

Samuel G. Markell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Seed Production ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Causal Agent ◽

Parental Line ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Stem Infection ◽

Head Rot

In September 2012, a female parental line in a Yolo Co., California, sunflower seed-production field began displaying external stem symptoms that could not be attributed to any known disease. Symptoms appeared to be associated with tunneling caused by an unidentified insect. Stems were collected, and Rhizopus oryzae (causal agent of Rhizopus head rot) and a minute fly, Melanagromyza splendida, were identified as the causal agent and associated insect, respectively. Further, R. oryzae was isolated from intact fly puparia. All commercial hybrids evaluated in the greenhouse were susceptible to stem infection by R. oryzae isolates. Yield implications and geographic distribution of this novel stem disease are unknown. This is the first report of R. oryzae causing stem disease in sunflowers, and of its association with M. splendida. Accepted for publication 10 January 2015. Published 25 March 2015.

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Effects from Early Planting of Late-Maturing Sunflowers on Damage from Primary Insect Pests in the United States

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2015-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 (64) ◽

pp. 45-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. R. Prasifka ◽

L. F. Marek ◽

D. K. Lee ◽

S. B. Thapa ◽

V. Hahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

North Dakota ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Insect Pests ◽

The United States ◽

Total Percentage ◽

History Of ◽

Smicronyx Fulvus ◽

Sunflower Moth ◽

Homoeosoma Electellum

AbstractDelayed planting is recommended to reduce damage from sunflower insect pests in the United States, including the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum (Hulst) and banded sunflower moth, Cochylis hospes Walsingham. However, in some locations, planting earlier or growing later-maturing hybrids could improve yield or oil content of sunflowers which would partially offset any added costs from insect pests or their management. Because the abundance and distribution of some sunflower insects have changed since recommendations for delayed planting were developed, experimental plots were grown in 2012 and 2013 at sites in North Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa, and Illinois. Sunflowers were planted two to four weeks earlier than normal, including hybrids that flower two to three weeks later than elite commercial hybrids. The sum of seed damaged by sunflower moth, banded sunflower moth, and red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus LeConte, (i. e., total percentage) was influenced by location, but not the relative maturity of tested entries. However, when damage attributed solely to the red sunflower seed weevil was analyzed, more damaged seed were found for late-maturing entries in North Dakota and Nebraska. In addition to the trial data, current pest populations are lower than when delayed planting was first recommended and insecticide use during sunflower bloom is both common and effective. Together, these observations suggest factoring insect pests into planting time decisions may be unnecessary, except for areas with a history of problems with severe pests that cannot be managed using insecticides (e. g., sunflower midge, Contarinia schulzi Gagné).

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Kualitas Minyak Bunga Matahari Komersial dan Minyak Hasil Ekstraksi Biji Bunga Matahari (Helianthus annuus L.)

JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS ◽

10.35799/jis.12.1.2012.403 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dewa G Katja

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Peroxide Value ◽

Sunflower Seed ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Sunflower Seed Oil

KUALITAS MINYAK BUNGA MATAHARI KOMERSIAL DAN MINYAK HASIL EKSTRAKSI BIJI BUNGA MATAHARI (Helianthus annuus L.) ABSTRAK Minyak komersial dan minyak hasil ekstrasi dari biji bunga matahari melalui uji kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida. Analisis hasil ekstrak biji bunga matahari diperoleh kadar air 0,43%, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,47% dan bilangan persoksida 5,22 mek/kg. analisis minyak komersial diperoleh kadar air 0,21%, kadar asam lemak bebas 0,28% dan bilangan peroksida 4,18 mek/kg. Hasil analisis dengan kromatografi gas kedua sampel menunjukkan kadar asam lemak bebas berbeda. Berdasarkan uji kualitas yang dilakukan terhadap kedua sampel yang dianalisis terdapat hasil yang diperoleh tidak memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan yakni kadar asam lemak bebas 0,08% dan bilangan peroksida 2 mek/kg. Kata kunci: Asam lemak bebas, bilangan proksida, minyak biji bunga matahari QUALITY OF COMMERCIAL SUNFLOWER OIL AND OIL EXTRACTION SEEDS SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) ABSTRACT Experimental study of analyzing the extract oil from sunflower seed compare with the commercial sunflower seed oil according to the company standard which includes determining of moisture content, free fatty acid content, peroxide value and the fatty acids compositions is reported in this paper. The result show that the moisture content of the extract oil is 0,43%, free fatly acid content is 0,47%, and the peroxide value is 5,22% mek/Kg. For the commercial sunflower seed oil company product that is 0,21% for the moisture, free fatty acid is 0,28% and the peroxide value is 4,89 mek/Kg. The gas chromatography analysis indicated that the most fatty acid from both samples is linoleic acid. The quality of the extract sunflower seed oil has not been improved to conform with the commercial quality according to the company standard, that is 0,08% for the free fatty acid and 2 mek/Kg for the peroxide value. Keywords: Free fatty acid, peroxide value, sunflower seeds oil

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