EFFECT OF RUSSIAN WHEAT APHID ON COLD HARDINESS AND WINTERKILL OF OVERWINTERING WINTER WHEAT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. THOMAS ◽  
R. A. BUTTS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Russian Wheat Aphid ◽  
Cold Hardening ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Cold Hardy

Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diruaphis noxia (Mordvilko)) is a new and cold-hardy pest of temperate cereals in western Canada. In view of the risk of fall infestation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.), this study was made to establish whether feeding by RWA can interfere with cold hardening and plant survival of overwintering winter wheat. Feeding by RWA significantly increased the LT50 of field-hardened Norstar winter wheat by + 2 to + 4 °C. Application of 400 g (a.i.) ha−1 of the insecticide chlorpyrifos in mid-October to control severe RWA infestations in two different fields of Norstar winter wheat significantly improved winter survival of the crop. The pattern of winterkill within the two fields suggested that this protective effect of chlorpyrifos was greatest in areas where microtopography resulted in the least accumulations of snow and cold stress was most intense. It was concluded that heavy RWA infestation in the fall significantly reduced freezing tolerance of winter wheat and increased the likelihood of winterkilling of the crop by severe cold.Key words: Winter survival, cold hardening, Diuraphis noxia, insecticide, chlorpyrifos, Triticum aestivum, crop damage

COLD HARDINESS OF WINTER WHEAT TILLERS ACCLIMATED UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. LEGGE ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardy

The cold hardiness of tillers separated from the plant immediately before freezing (CTM) or left intact on the crown (ICM) was determined by artificial freeze tests on two sampling dates for four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars acclimated in the field. Plants with 9 and 13 tillers excluding coleoptile tillers were selected in mid-October and at the end of October, respectively. No differences in lethal dose temperature (LT50) were detected among CTM or ICM tillers sampled in mid-October. The three youngest CTM tillers sampled at the end of October were less cold hardy than older tillers. However, younger CTM tillers did not survive the unfrozen control treatment as well as older tillers. ICM tillers sampled at the end of October had the same LT50 except for one of the older tillers. No correlation was found between either the moisture content or dry weight and the LT50 of tillers. Winter survival of tillers was evaluated for two cultivars in the spring. Tillers of intermediate age and two of the youngest tillers had the highest survival rates. Tiller regeneration from axillary buds rather than the apical meristem occurred following cold stress and was negatively correlated to tiller emergence date. It was concluded that differences in cold hardiness among tillers must be taken into consideration if tillers are utilized to estimate the LT50 of a plant.Key words: Cold hardiness, tillers, winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L., developmental stage, moisture content

VALOR, A WINTER FEED WHEAT FOR THE MARITIMES

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. SAMPSON ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Yield Test

Valor is a new, medium-hard, red winter feed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that is adapted to the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Valor was licensed in July 1981. Compared with Lennox, the principal winter wheat of the area, Valor has slightly higher yield, test weight and 1000-kernel weight, as well as greater winter survival and more resistance to powdery mildew. Valor has slightly weaker straw and lower grain protein.

EFFECT OF A Rht GENE CONDITIONING THE SEMIDWARF CHARACTER ON WINTERHARDINESS IN WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell)

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. GILLILAND ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

In the northern part of the North American Great Plains, the level of cultivar winter-hardiness required for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is extremely high. Presently, available winter wheat cultivars with adequate winterhardiness are tall and, under favourable growing conditions, crop lodging and excessive amounts of straw can present serious production problems. Consequently, cultivars with short, stiff straw and a high harvest index would be desirable for high production areas within this region. However, semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness have not yet been developed. In this study, six GA-insensitive (Rht) semidwarf parents with poor to moderate winterhardiness were crossed with three GA-sensitive (rht) tall parents possessing good winterhardiness to produce 20 different single, three-way and double crosses. These crosses were evaluated to determine if the GA-insensitive character could be combined with a high level of winterhardiness in winter wheat. Gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity analyses of F2 seedlings established that a single GA-insensitive gene was involved in each cross. F2-derived F3 and F3-derived F4 lines were assessed for GA-sensitivity and winterhardiness levels were determined from field survival at several locations in Saskatchewan, Canada. Winter survival of homozygous GA-sensitive and GA-insensitive lines were similar in both generations. Lines with winterhardiness levels similar to those of the three tall parent cultivars were recovered in all GA-response classes. The absence of a meaningful pleiotropic effect of Rht genes on winterhardiness indicates that the reason semidwarf cultivars with superior winterhardiness levels have not been developed is due to the lack of a concentrated breeding effort to combine the two characters. A breeding strategy for the production of adapted winterhardy semidwarf winter wheat cultivars is discussed. The influence of endogenous gibberellin levels on cold hardiness in winter wheat is also considered.Key words: Cold hardiness, field survival, Triticum aestivum L, semidwarf, Gibberellic acid

THE EFFECT OF LONG EXPOSURE TO LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE COLD HARDINESS OF SPROUTING WHEAT IN THE DARK

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Cold Hardy

Nine cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ranging from very cold hardy to tender were sprouted in vermiculite at 0.5–1.0 °C for 7 wk in the dark and then placed at 0.5 °C, −2.5 °C, −5 °C, −7.5 °C, or −10 °C for up to 20 wk. Plants held at 0.5 °C progressively lost hardiness. Little change occurred in the hardiness of plants moved to −2.5 °C. There was apparently a small initial increase in hardiness after transfer to −5 °C or −7.5 °C followed by a decline in hardiness. Plants transferred to −10 °C lost hardiness progressively after transfer. These results suggest that part of the reason for late-winter mortality of winter wheats in northern regions of the Canadian prairies is damage from long exposures to temperatures only slightly lower than −5 °C. This damage is manifested by higher LT50 values or lower cold hardiness in late winter and early spring.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., cold hardiness, winter survival

The effect of light on development of the rosette growth habit of winter wheat

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Light Supply ◽  
Cold Hardy ◽  
Effect Of Light

Young plants of the cold-hardy winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) Kharkov 22 MC did not develop atypical prostrate or rosette growth habit unless light supply exceeded 350 klux∙h∙day−1. Prostrate habit developed under both short (10-h) and long (16-h or 24-h) photoperiods. Under a given photoperiod, expression of this trait intensified as light intensities increased. This finding was demonstrated in both field and growth-cabinet experiments. The degree of development of the rosette growth habit may be assessed by plotting plant height against plant age. Plants that develop typical rosettes decline in height when the rosettes develop whereas plants that remain erect show a continuous increase in height.

Application of image-based phenotyping tools to identify QTL for in-field winter survival of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 132 (9) ◽  
pp. 2591-2604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Harwinder S. Sidhu ◽  
Mina Kaviani ◽  
Michel S. McElroy ◽  
Curtis J. Pozniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Survival

AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL CHEMICAL TESTS AS POSSIBLE SELECTION MEASURES FOR WINTERHARDINESS IN WHEAT

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
N. J. TYLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Survival Prediction ◽  
Selection Measures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Chemical Characters

Ten chemical characters and crown LT50s were measured on 14 cold-hardened cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) to determine their usefulness in winter survival prediction tests. Differences among genotypes with a range of cold hardiness potential (LT50 −13 °C to −20 °C) were significant for 6 to 10 characters evaluated. Crown LT50 was the best prediction of field survival (FSI). Cell sap viscosity, total crown nitrogen, crown ethanol, insoluble nitrogen, and crown uronic acid were highly correlated with both FSI and LT50. Proline, pH and ATP were not significantly correlated with either FSI or LT50.Key words: Chemical tests, selection, winterhardiness, wheat

Relationships between planting date, winter survival and stress tolerances of soft white winter wheat in eastern Ontario

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy ◽  
W. L. Seaman ◽  
G. Butler ◽  
P. C. Bonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Measured Stress ◽  
Crown Tissue ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Eastern Ontario

Reduction of populations of fall planted crops in the course of winter can result in substantial losses in economic yield. Variations in planting date of soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Ontario are known to influence both survival and grain yield. This study was conducted to determine relationships between fall-accumulated growing degree days (GDD), cold hardiness, ice tolerance and a number of plant characteristics with survival recorded the next spring. Locations were at Ottawa (45°23′N) and Douglas (45°33′N) with four planting dates, 27 August, 10 September, 24 September and 8 October in 4 yr, 1983–1986. Delayed planting was associated with reduced survival at Ottawa in 1987 and in all years at Douglas. Consequently, survival at Ottawa showed little association with cold hardiness and ice tolerance, but there were significant correlations at Douglas. Measurements in 3 yr showed that late planted wheats were single tillered, up to 10 times lower fresh weight than the 3–5 tillered August-planted wheat, and their cold hardiness and ice tolerance were decreased. Moisture content of the crown tissue (CrW) increased with delayed planting despite the growth of the plants in acclimating conditions. Highest CrW developed in late-planted wheat at Douglas and showed a high negative correlation with survival. Cold hardiness and ice tolerance correlated with survival at Douglas and there were significant relationships between the stress tolerances. However, no consistent associations across location-years could be defined to explain winter survival in terms of fall-measured stress tolerances and plant parameters. Key words: Cold acclimation, cold hardiness, crown moisture, winter injury, ice encasement, delayed planting

AC Sampson winter wheat

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-111
Author(s):  
H. G. Nass ◽  
G. N. Atlin ◽  
D. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Lodging Resistance ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Moderate Resistance

AC Sampson, a hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) is adapted to eastern Canada, particularly the Atlantic Region. It expresses high grain yield, milling quality, lodging resistance, and good winter survival. It has moderate resistance to powdery mildew, leaf and glume blotch, and fusarium head blight. Key words: Triticum aestivum, wheat (winter), winter survival, cultivar description

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