Above- and below-ground net primary production of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars in western Canada

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Xu ◽  
N. G. Juma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Shoot Mass

Information on above- and below-ground primary production for a wide range of agro-ecosystems is needed. The objective of this study was to quantify the shoot and root mass, shoot mass/root mass ratios, and root lengths of four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (Abee, Bonanza, Harrington and Samson) grown in a Black Chernozem in north-central Alberta. The cultivars were grown using a randomized complete block design with three replicates and were sampled at the tillering, stem-extension, heading, and ripening stages. Root mass and root lengths from soil cores were measured. The results showed that (1) shoot mass and root mass of Harrington and Bonanza were not different from those of Abee and Samson, but those of Abee were significantly greater than those of Samson, indicating that the below-ground input of organic matter could be a function of specific cultivar; (2) root mass increased rapidly until the heading stage, and shoot mass increased at a higher rate than roots between the heading and ripening stages, producing a widening of shoot/root ratios with time; and (3) decomposition of very small roots may have contributed to a more rapid decrease in root length than in root mass after the heading stage.Key words: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Typic Cryoboroll, root mass, root lengths, shoot/root ratio, soil organic matter

scholarly journals Comparison of Field Crops with Tap and Fibrous Root System at Early and Late Growth Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1181-1187
Author(s):  
Hayati Akman
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Late Growth

Knowledge of root architecture is significant since it influences on pathways from, photosynthesis products, water and nutrient movement. This study purposed to elucidate root mass, root length, root/shoot ratio, root/total mass ratio and above-ground characteristics in Vicia pannonica Crantz., Carthamus tinctorius L. and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. with taproot and Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L. conv. distichon, X Triticosecale Wittmack, Avena sativa L. and Secale cereale L. with fibrous roots at 200 cm long tubes under field-grown condition. Crop harvesting is based on early and late growth stages of cereal crops. The results indicated that winter field crops had a wide range of differences with regard to root and above-ground traits at both growth stages. The root traits of field crop species varied considerably from 0.3 to 5.9 g and 2.4 to 11.9 g for root mass and 84.7 to 127.7 cm and 84.5 to 166 cm for root length at early and late growth stages respectively, while shoot mass was between 0.3–5.7 g and 5.5–29.8 g. Furthermore, the percentage distribution of root mass accumulated in 0-20 cm root length at early and late growth stages, ranged between 52.3 to 81.4 % and 27.7 to 75.2 %, respectively. The findings showed that crops with taproot had less root and shoot mass and shorter root length than cereals with fibrous roots at both growth stages. This study also significantly advances our understanding of root-shoot competition by comparing the agronomical traits of winter field crops with tap and fibrous roots at different growth stages.

Biomass, nutrient distribution, and net production in alpine communities of the Kluane Mountains, Yukon Territory, Canada

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2635-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Grier ◽  
T. M. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Aboveground Net Primary Production ◽  
Matter Distribution ◽  
Nutrient Distribution ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
Temperature Regimes

Biomass and nutrient distribution and aboveground net primary production were determined for two communities growing at 1600 m elevation and five communities growing at about 2000 m elevation in the alpine zone of the Kluane Ranges, Yukon Territory, Canada. Living biomass accumulations ranged from 183 to 1350 g/m2, whereas total organic matter accumulations ranged from 2126 to 51120 g/m2. Nutrient distribution in general reflected organic matter distribution. Highest nutrient concentrations were in leaves and fine roots. Aboveground net primary production ranged from 18.3 to 185.5 g/m2. Primary production appeared to be related most to moisture during the growing season and temperature regimes.

scholarly journals EFECTOS DE LA RECOMUNICACIÓN DEL RÍO MAGDALENA CON SU ANTIGUO DELTA: CAMBIOS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN PRIMARIA FITOPLANCTÓNICA Y RESPIRACIÓN EN EL COMPLEJO PAJARALES, 1989 A 2005

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan D. Rodríguez Chila ◽  
José E. Mancera Pineda ◽  
Héctor J. López Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Associated Variables

The phytoplankton primary production, pelagic respiration, photosynthetic pigments, and physical-chemical associated variables in the Pajarales Complex, were estimated to assess the potential effects of the Magdalena River recommunication with its former delta, The study carried out between September and December 2005, followed the same experimental design than one done before to the recommunication The results show a signicant increase of the net primary production when compared with the years 1988-89 (from 598 gC/m2/year to 982 gC/m2/year). The actual production seems to be driven mainly by ammonia, and there is no correlation neither with the water transparency nor the chlorophyll a concentration. The ecosystem is less efcient in the synthesis of organic matter after the recommunication with the Magdalena river. The respiration rate increased, showing higher and more prolonged heterotrophy, which may be associated to higher organic matter and inorganic nutrient inputs from the Magdalena River. The results conrm eutrophication increase in the CP between 1989 and 2005.

Grazing increases below-ground biomass and net primary production in a temperate grassland

2015 ◽  
Vol 392 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis López-Mársico ◽  
Alice Altesor ◽  
Mariano Oyarzabal ◽  
Pablo Baldassini ◽  
José M. Paruelo
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

scholarly journals Experimental assessment of the sensitivity of an estuarine phytoplankton fall bloom to acidification and warming

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 4883-4904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Bénard ◽  
Maurice Levasseur ◽  
Michael Scarratt ◽  
Marie-Amélie Blais ◽  
Alfonso Mucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Lawrence Estuary ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
To Come ◽  
St Lawrence Estuary

Abstract. We investigated the combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the dynamics of the phytoplankton fall bloom in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE), Canada. Twelve 2600 L mesocosms were set to initially cover a wide range of pHT (pH on the total proton scale) from 8.0 to 7.2 corresponding to a range of pCO2 from 440 to 2900 µatm, and two temperatures (in situ and +5 ∘C). The 13-day experiment captured the development and decline of a nanophytoplankton bloom dominated by the chain-forming diatom Skeletonema costatum. During the development phase of the bloom, increasing pCO2 influenced neither the magnitude nor the net growth rate of the nanophytoplankton bloom, whereas increasing the temperature by 5 ∘C stimulated the chlorophyll a (Chl a) growth rate and maximal particulate primary production (PP) by 76 % and 63 %, respectively. During the declining phase of the bloom, warming accelerated the loss of diatom cells, paralleled by a gradual decrease in the abundance of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes and a bloom of picocyanobacteria. Increasing pCO2 and warming did not influence the abundance of picoeukaryotes, while picocyanobacteria abundance was reduced by the increase in pCO2 when combined with warming in the latter phase of the experiment. Over the full duration of the experiment, the time-integrated net primary production was not significantly affected by the pCO2 treatments or warming. Overall, our results suggest that warming, rather than acidification, is more likely to alter phytoplankton autumnal bloom development in the LSLE in the decades to come. Future studies examining a broader gradient of temperatures should be conducted over a larger seasonal window in order to better constrain the potential effect of warming on the development of blooms in the LSLE and its impact on the fate of primary production.

scholarly journals Antagonistic potential of some bacterial strains against Xanthomonas campestris, the cause of bacterial blight in Hordeum vulgare

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4205-4216
Author(s):  
Deiaa A. El-Wakil ◽  
Ashraf M. M. Essa
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antagonistic Potential

Bacterial blight disease due to Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens results in yield losses in barley, Hordeum vulgare L., especially in warm climates. Bio-based bactericides represent a safe alternative to harmful chemicals for controlling a wide range of phytopathogens. The bacterial strains (Brevibacterium linens, Bacillus subtilis, B. thuringiensis) were tested as antagonistic potential against X. campestris disease in barley seedlings. Antagonists were applied as seed biopriming and soil drench in X. campestris infested soil. Soil-drenching treatment was more efficient than the biopriming application. A significant increase in shoot length with a clear decrease in seed germination was recorded. Fresh and dry weights of shoot and root lengths of the treated plants were markedly improved. The remarkable antagonistic activity of B. linens, B. subtilis, and B. thuringiensis against X. campestris could be attributed to the capability to produce bioactive molecules that can trigger systemic resistance in the infected seedlings.

Above- and below-ground phytomass and net primary production in boreal mire ecosystems of Western Siberia

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Kosykh ◽  
Natalia G. Koronatova ◽  
Natalia B. Naumova ◽  
Argenta A. Titlyanova
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Below Ground

ESTIMATING NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION FROM MEASUREMENTS MADE ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER

Ecology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 2762-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Jenkinson ◽  
J. Meredith ◽  
J. I. Kinyamario ◽  
G. P. Warren ◽  
M. T. F. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Net Primary Production

Biomass distribution and above- and below-ground production in young and mature Abiesamabilis zone ecosystems of the Washington Cascades

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Grier ◽  
Kristiina A. Vogt ◽  
Michael R. Keyes ◽  
Robert L. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Fine Root Production ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Mature Stand ◽  
Below Ground

Biomass distribution and above- and below-ground net primary production were determined for 23- and 180-year-old Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes ecosystems growing at 1200-m elevation in the western Washington Cascade Range. Total organic matter accumulations were 427.0 t•ha−1 in the young stand, and 1247.1 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Aboveground tree and detritus biomass were 49.0 t•ha−1 and 130.2 t•ha−1, respectively, in the young stand compared with 445.5 t•ha−1 and 389.4 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Net primary production (NPP) was 18.3 t•ha−1 in the young stand and 16.8 t•ha−1 in the mature stand. Belowground dry matter production was 65% of total net production in the young stand and 73% of total net production in the mature stand. Conifer fine root production was 35.9% of NPP in the young and 66.4% of NPP in the mature stand. This apparent shift in fine root production as a proportion of NPP may be related to detritus accumulation.

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