Responsiveness to anther culture in cultivars and F1 crosses of spring wheat

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 777-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Masojc ◽  
O. M. Lukow ◽  
R. I. H. McKenzie ◽  
N. K. Howes
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Embryoid Formation ◽  
N6 Medium ◽  
Regenerated Plant

Anther culturability of 43 cultivars and 6 F1 crosses representing different quality classes of spring wheat was studied using a glucose-containing, modified N6 medium (HNG). Generally high pollen embryoid formation (up to 111 embryoids per 100 anthers) was associated with lower green plant regeneration (up to 9.1 green plantlets per 100 embryoids) frequencies and a high proportion (63% on average) of albino plants. Anther response was found to be strongly affected by the genotype of the donor plants. Seven of the screened cultivars yielded more than one green regenerated plant per 100 anthers. The most responsive cultivars were Veery #2 (6.2), ST 6 (4.0), and Leader (3.6). No ability to regenerate green plantlets was shown by 10 of the genotypes. Anther responsiveness of F1 progenies as compared with the parental cultivars were different in each cross. Differences found between reciprocal crosses suggest that the cytoplasm of a donor plant may affect anther response. Haploid plants constituted 45% of the anther derived regenerants, while the remaining part was divided into 29% of spontaneous diploids and 26% of plants with abnormal chromosome numbers. Key words: Triticum aestivum, anther culture, doubled haploids, wheat

Genotype and Environment Strongly Influence Barley Anther Culture Response Using Australian Genotypes

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Logue ◽  
LC Giles ◽  
DHB Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Anther Culture Response

A screening of several Australian barley cultivars of commercial interest has identified a number of genotypes that respond well to anther culture, with average levels of green plant regeneration between 23 and 134 plants/100 anthers cultured. Donor plant growth conditions have a large impact on anther culture response and, although optimal conditions for specific genotypes could possibly be identified, it is likely to be more effective for the production of large numbers of doubled haploids to settle for a broadly acceptable environment. Recent advances in methodology and the identification of responsive genotypes makes anther culture a feasible procedure for Australian barley breeding programs.

Diallel analysis of barley anther culture response

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Anther Culture Response

The genetics of barley microspore development in culture was examined by means of diallel analysis. The frequency of microspore derived green and albino plant production was shown to be under genetic control. This genotypic limitation to microspore development will limit the application of anther culture techniques to barley breeding programmes. However, significant additive genetic effects were detected for the characters measured and indicate that the frequency of green plant regeneration may be improved by the hybridization of suitable parents. Significant reciprocal differences were also detected and indicate that the direction of the cross is important in determining microspore development. An embryogenic route to green plantlet formation was observed in a number of genotypes in the diallel experiment. The implications of these findings for barley improvement and genetics are discussed.Key words: doubled haploids, barley, anther culture, microspore, embryoid.

scholarly journals Doubled Haploids in Rice Improvement: Approaches, Applications, and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 425-447
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Katrina L. C. Nicolas ◽  
Jawahar Lal Katara ◽  
Ram Lakhan Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Rice Improvement

AbstractExploitation of biotechnological tools in conventional breeding strategies is the need of the hour for overcoming limitations in rice production and productivity. In addition, improvement in quantity and quality along with resistance to climatic and disease stress in rice require immediate attention. Anther culture has proven its efficiency by instantaneously fixing homozygosity through diploidization of regenerated haploid plants. Therefore, androgenesis provides an efficient platform for developing inbred lines in a short period of time. Although anther culture shows its efficiency in speeding up breeding in several crop species, including rice, associated limitations still prevent the exploitation of its optimum potential. Although anther culture is well exploited in japonica rice breeding, its application in indica rice is limited because of inherent recalcitrant genetic backgrounds. The success of anther culture is determined by several factors that limit the efficiency of androgenesis. Identified constraints are early anther necrosis, poor-callus response, and proliferation, and low green-plant regeneration, along with the most frustrating albinism associated with indica rice, which has been considerably clarified. This chapter details the method of androgenesis and scope for improving the applicability of anther culture producing doubled haploids of rice in order to use it as a complementary tool for precision breeding.

scholarly journals Optimization of Conditions for Callus Induction from BC2F1 Population (Ranbir Basmati x PAU148) through Anther Culture

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mridhu Sharma ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. K. Salgotra ◽  
Manmohan Sharma ◽  
Bupesh Ku. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Induction Frequency ◽  
Bc2f1 Population ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
N6 Medium

With different culture conditions and concentrations of growth regulators and supplements, Anther culture technique can be easily employed for the production of haploids under in vitro conditions. Aims: The present study was undertaken with the objective to optimize the development of doubled haploids using anthers for in vitro induction of callus on N6 medium. Place and Duration of Study: The samples (BC2F1 seeds) were raised previously in Skuast-J. From total degree program of 3 years, this work related to tissue culture technique was done in one year from January 2018 to January 2019. Methodology: The effect of levels of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D) i.e. 0 to 3 mg/L in basal N6 media was observed on callus induction frequency (CIF). The effect of duration of cold pre-treatment was observed on callus induction frequency at 2.5 mg/L of 2, 4-D by giving the cold pre-treatment at 4ºC from 8 to 12 days. Also the effect of different amino acids was checked on callus induction frequency. Results: Highest callus induction frequency of 9.39 per cent was observed in N6 medium fortified with 2.5 mg/L 2, 4-D and lowest callus induction frequency of 2.52 per cent at the concentration of 1.0 mg/L. The cold pre-treatment for 10 days gave highest callus induction frequency of 1.44 per cent and lowest callus induction frequency of 0.44 per cent was obtained at cold pre treatment for 8 days. The highest callus induction frequency of 12.55 per cent was observed in case of media supplemented with 25 mg/L tryptophan and 40 mg/L cysteine and lowest callus induction frequency of 7.18 per cent was observed when media was supplemented with 560 mg/L proline. Conclusion: The cold pre-treatment of 10 days at 4ºC on media supplemented with 2.5 mg/L of 2, 4-D and combination of 25 mg/L tryptophan and 40 mg/L cysteine proves to provide best androgenesis conditions for anthers from BC2F1 population.

Low-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Promotes Wheat Anther Culture Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
XL Ding ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Anther Culture Response

This study examined the anther culture response of wheat to different doses of gamma radiation, and the interaction of radiation dose with a cold pretreatment of ears stored prior to culturing. The cultivars Grebe and Kite were chosen on the basis of their anther culture response, Grebe being highly responsive and Kite being non-responsive. Spikes of the two cultivars were exposed to various levels of gamma radiation (60Co source) ranging from 0 to 10 Gy (0.53 Gy min-1) before anthers were plated on an agarose-solidified medium. For Grebe, doses of 1, 3 and 5 Gy resulted in more embryoids, higher green plant regeneration, and a greater number of spontaneously doubled haploids (DH), than in the non-irradiated control. The response in Kite was similar but less pronounced. The higher doses of radiation (7 and 10 Gy), however, were detrimental in both cultivars and at 10 Gy no embryoids or regenerants were produced. Anthers subjected to a cold pretreatment prior to irradiation responded significantly less than those cultured fresh. This study indicated that low-dose gamma irradiation of fresh explants can significantly improve regeneration from anther cultures in wheat and may stimulate a low frequency of regeneration in an otherwise non-responsive cultivar.

The application of n-butanol improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
New Treatments

The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.

scholarly journals Androgenous ability of heterozygous wheat genotypes and cytological characteristics of green regenerants

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Branka Ljevnaic ◽  
Ankica Kondic-Sipka ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

Androgenous and regeneration abilities of 8 heterozygous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were analyzed in anther culture. Cytological characteristics of green regenerants were also analyzed. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in their androgenous and regeneration abilities. The average androgenous capacity of all genotypes was 4.4% ranging from 0.7% (Prima/Hueguen) to 11.0% (NS173-98/NS164-98). The average callus yield was 8.7%. The genotype Banks/F53-70 produced the highest number of green plants (33 green plants), while the genotype Banks/Pobeda showed no green plant regeneration ability. The frequency of albino plants ranged between 0% (Banks/Rodna) and 5.3% (Anastasija/Radika). A total of 61 green and 61 albino plants were regenerated. The results of cytological analysis showed that, from the total number of regenerated green plants, 40.9% were haploids and 59.1% were spontaneous double haploids.

scholarly journals Effect of Zearalenone and Hormone Regulators on Microspore Embryogenesis in Anther Culture of Wheat

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Weigt ◽  
Janetta Niemann ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Joanna Zyprych-Walczak ◽  
Przemysław Olejnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Microspore Embryogenesis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this work was to assess the impact of zearalenone (ZEN) and selected hormone regulators on the effectiveness of microspore embryogenesis in anther culture of wheat. The plant material comprised F1 hybrids of winter and spring wheat. Six combinations of media inducing microspore proliferation and formation of embryogenic structures were investigated: two combinations of growth regulators (D - 2,4-D + dicamba, K - 2,4-D + kinetin), each with three ZEN concentrations (0 mL/L, 0.1 mL/L, 0.2 mL/L). A significant increase in microspore embryogenesis effectiveness on media with the addition of ZEN was observed both at the stages of its induction and the formation of green plants in some genotypes. In case of both combinations of growth regulators, an increased concentration of ZEN resulted in more effective induction of microspore embryogenesis. The most effective induction medium was the D medium supplemented with 0.2 mL/L ZEN. As a result of the use of zearalenone together with two combinations of growth regulators, all genotypes tested produced androgenic structures, which indicates the breakdown of genotypic recalcitrant in the analysed hybrids. In addition, green plants were obtained from 18 out of 19 tested hybrids. The addition of ZEN to the medium did not affect the number of regenerated albino plants nor the number of spontaneous genome doublings proportion.

THE INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS CULTURAL FACTORS ON ANTHER CULTURE OF FOUR CULTIVARS OF SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
LINDA J. McGREGOR ◽  
ALAN McHUGHEN
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
Agar Concentration

Four spring wheat cultivars (Katepwa, Columbus, Chris and Israel 676) were compared for androgenic ability. Temperature, medium, agar concentration and cold pretreatment were examined to find the optimal combinations for anther culture of Katepwa and Columbus in particular. At an incubation temperature of 30 °C, anthers of Chris were significantly more responsive than the other genotypes. In three temperature treatments (26, 28 and 30 °C) the potato extract medium (P1) was superior to the synthetic medium (N6) (Chu 1978) for callus induction and green plant regeneration. Over all genotypes, liquid media provided greater anther response than either 0.8% or 1.8% agar. At 28 °C, cultured anthers showed no significant increase in callus formation after being subjected to a cold pretreatment. A cold pretreatment prior to culture at 30 °C elicited a significant decrease in callus formation as compared with no cold pretreatment. However, maximum callus induction and regeneration frequencies for Katepwa and Columbus were obtained at 28 °C in the P1 liquid medium with cold pretreatment. An incubation temperature of 26 °C was inferior to 28° and 30 °C for callus induction and regeneration.Key words: Anther culture, wheat, genotype, incubation temperature, media, agar concentration

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