Soluble salts, copper, zinc, and solids constituents in surface runoff from cattle manure compost windrows

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Larney ◽  
Andrew F. Olson ◽  
Jim J. Miller ◽  
Bonnie C. Tovell

Larney, F. J., Olson, A. F., Miller, J. J. and Tovell, B. C. 2014. Soluble salts, copper, zinc, and solids constituents in surface runoff from cattle manure compost windrows. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 515–527. Composting has become widely adopted by the beef cattle feedlot industry in southern Alberta. Compost windrows subjected to heavy rainfall can lead to runoff whose properties may vary with compost maturity. A rainfall simulator generated runoff on days 18, 26, 40, 54, 81, 109 and 224 of manure composting. Runoff was collected in timed 5-L increments to 30 L, creating the variable “time during runoff event” (TDRE). Calcium, K and S showed significant maturity×TDRE interactions, especially earlier in the composting process, e.g., on day 18, Ca values increased from 34 mg L−1 for the initial 0- to 5-L runoff increment to 43 mg L−1 for the final 25- to 30-L increment. Most significant changes in runoff concentrations occurred between days 26 and 40, e.g., Cu levels fell by 67% and Zn levels by 78%. Even though compost Cu and Zn concentrations were higher during the latter stages of composting, their transport potential in runoff was curtailed due to binding with stable organic matter (OM). The C:N ratio of runoff solids decreased from 10.5 on day 18 to only 4.9 on day 224, suggesting the transport of very stable OM after compost curing. The study showed that runoff quality was influenced by compost maturity, which has implications for the timing of rainfall events relative to the maturity spectrum and the potential risk to surface water quality if runoff is not contained.

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (13) ◽  
pp. 5763-5772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Victoria Gil ◽  
Luis Fernando Calvo ◽  
Daniel Blanco ◽  
Marta Elena Sánchez

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryu Oishi ◽  
Chika Tada ◽  
Ryoki Asano ◽  
Nozomi Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshihisa Suyama ◽  
...  

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Oka ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu

AbstractSuppressive effects of two composts, from cattle manure and grape marc, on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica were tested in pot and in vitro experiments. No root galls were found on tomato roots grown in soils containing 10 or 25% (v/v) cattle manure compost, and very few on those grown in 50% grape marc compost. Significant reductions in galling index were also found on tomato plants grown in soils containing lower concentrations of this compost. Chemical analysis of the composts and leachates from the soils showed that the cattle manure compost had higher electrical conductivity (EC) and higher concentrations of nitrogen, especially N–NH4, than the grape marc compost. Water extract of the cattle manure compost showed high nematicidal activity to the nematode juveniles and less activity toward the eggs in vitro. Water extract of the grape marc compost showed weaker nematicidal activity to the juveniles and eggs. Washing composted soils with excess water before nematode inoculation and tomato planting led to better plant growth, but the nematode-suppressive effect was decreased. These results suggest that high nitrogen concentrations, especially N–NH4, and high EC values contribute to the nematode suppressiveness of the composts.


2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aydin KHODAEI JOGHAN ◽  
Amir Ghalavand ◽  
Majid AGHAALIKHANI ◽  
Majid GHOLAMHOSEINI ◽  
Aria DOLATABADIAN

A comparative field experiment has been conducted in order to study the effect of chemical, organic and integrated nitrogen suppliment on micro and macro nutrient residue after wheat harvesting, at Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The treatments consisted in three groups that are chemical, organically and integrated of them. Nitrogen was supplied in different proportion from chemical and organic sources. Also, zeolite was applied in two ways: mixed with soil and mixed with cattle manure during composting. Before sowing and after wheat harvesting, macro and micro nutrient availability in the soil were examined. The results showed that, among treatments supplying with 100% nitrogen required from composted cattle manure amended with 10% (w/w) zeolite had the best effect on nutrition residue after wheat production because zeolite decreased nitrogen leaching during the manure composting. Crop yield was not statistically different between fertilizer treatments but the highest seed yield was achieved from supplying 50% nitrogen required from cattle manure compost and 50% by urea amended with 10% (w/w) zeolite. This study demonstrated that composted cattle manure amended with zeolite improves soil fertility after wheat production compared with chemical fertilization.


2008 ◽  
Vol 254 (15) ◽  
pp. 4868-4874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingrong Qian ◽  
Satoshi Sunohara ◽  
Yuichi Kato ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Motoi Machida ◽  
...  

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