Application of local microorganisms from tuna fish and shrimp waste as bio activator for household organic waste composting by Takakura method

Organic waste has the potency to use as bio activator material. This research compares household organic waste compost results with the addition of bio activator from local microorganism activator (LMO) from tuna fish and shrimp waste with Effective Microorganisms (EM4). The composting method used is aerobic composting with the Takakura composting technique. This composting is carried out in 5 variations, variation one without-bio activator added, 2 with LMO of tuna fish waste added, variation 3 with LMO shrimp waste added, variation 4 with LMO of tuna fish, and shrimp waste added, variation 5 with EM4 added. Analysis of all compost quality has met SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. A total of 2 kg of raw material produced solid compost becomes 0.7-1 kg of compost. The use of bio activators can speed up the composting process to 8-12 days. The variation of adding LMO tuna fish waste was chosen as a suitable alternative compared to other variations. The composting process with LMO of tuna fish waste results from the fastest composting time of 9 days with a C/N ratio of 18.45%, P2O5 0.56 %, and 0.76% K2O, with 0.85 kg of compost. Scoring results in variation 2 is the best variation in compost maturity quality.

Advanced Characterization of Organic Matter Decaying during Composting of Industrial Waste Using Spectral Methods

To date, compost maturation monitoring is carried out by physical-chemical and microbiological analysis, which could be considered an overweening consumption of time and products. Nowadays, spectroscopy is chosen as a simple tool for monitoring compost maturity. In the present investigation, spectroscopy analysis was performed in the interest of corroborating the compost maturity. This goal was achieved by using the X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of the cellulose fraction in compost samples. At the same time, the intensity of pics decreased depending on composting time, thus proving that there was organic matter degradation. Infrared and scanning electron microscopy analysis allow for confirming these results. The correlation between spectroscopies analysis and physical-chemical properties was employed by partial least squares-regression (PLS-R) model. PLS-R model was applied to build a model to predict the compost quality depending on the composting time, the results obtained show that all the parameters analysis are well predicted. The current study proposed that final compost was more stabilized compared with the initial feedstock mixture. Ultimately, spectroscopy techniques used allowed us to confirm the physical-chemical results obtained, and both of them depict maturity and stability of the final compost, thus proving that spectral techniques are more reliable, fast, and promising than physical-chemical analyses.

Characterization of substrates of growing media by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for containerized crop production

Growing media used in soilless culture systems are those solid substrates, which alone or in mixtures can guarantee better plant growth conditions similar to agricultural soil in one or many aspects. This study was aimed to characterize lignocellulosic organic substances predominant in most available and effective organic substrates viz., coir pith and dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) powder and compost maturity in vermicompost based on the presence of functional groups by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The dominant downward peaks noted at 3300-3500 cm-1 in coir pith and dhaincha indicate vibration of hydroxyl (OH­-) stretch in cellulose structure and presence of alcohols and phenols. Peaks at 2925-2850 cm-1 found prominently in coirpith would be indicative of vibration of C-H bonds showing aliphatic degradation of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lipids, fats, etc. Particularly in dhaincha, vibration at 1733.32 cm-1 would be due to C=O stretch associated with an unconjugated ketone, carbonyl and ester groups. In vermicompost, peak value around 1549.85 cm-1 indicates C=C aromatic structure formed during mineralization of protein, cellulose, and hemicelluloses showing compost maturity. In the present study, FT-IR analysis of organic lignocellulosic substrates confirmed the occurrence of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, which are the main characteristics of natural fibers with high water holding and cation exchange capacity. Presence of alcoholic and carboxylic groups indicated stages of compost maturity and stability. Therefore, these renewable and environmentally sustainable lignocellulosic organic materials could be recognized as ideal soilless substrates for preparing grow media for containerized crop production and also recycling organic wastes in an environmentally friendly manner.

OPTIMASI PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DI LINGKUNGAN KAMPUS MENGGUNAKAN KOMBINASI AKTIVATOR EM4 DAN KOTORAN TERNAK

One of the organic waste that can be used and processed is Ieaf Iitter which is in the Lambung Mangkurat University. A potentiaI effort that can be made to maximize the use of this type oforganic waste is composting organic waste. The bioactivator used in this research is Iivestock manure (chicken manure and cow manure) combined with EM4 bioactivator. This study aims to anaIyze the best decomposition speed between activator chicken manure and cow manure with activator EM4 combination and to anaIyze the yieId of the fertiIizer obtained whether it has the quaIity of fertiIizer according to SNI. The resuIts of the study of the acceIerated decomposition of compost that were observed visuaIIy showed that the fastest rate of compost maturity occurred in treatment C (giving a combination of cow manure activator + EM4) which began to decompose at week 3, foIIowed by treatment B (giving chicken manure activator + EM4) which decomposed at week 4 and the Iatest in treatment A (controI) experienced decomposition at week 6. The resuIts of fertiIizer anaIysis showed that the compost produced aImost fuIfiIIed aII compost quaIity parameters based on SNI-19-7030-2004.