EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CROPPING SYSTEMS AND OF A SOIL CONDITIONER (VAMA) ON SOME SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ON GROWTH OF TOMATOES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Doyle ◽  
F. G. Hamlyn
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Conditioner ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Water Stable Aggregates ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Capacity

Soil physical condition resulting from different cropping systems was examined on a number of New Brunswick soils and compared with that of the adjoining soils which had been under continuous grass.Continuous cropping to potatoes reduced the percentage of water-stable aggregates and porosity. Other effects of continuous cultivation were a reduction in soil organic matter content, available water capacity and cation exchange capacity.VAMA (soil conditioner) increased the percentage of water-stable aggregates and the porosity of the cultivated soils. On the continuous-grass soils these properties were not affected. Other effects of VAMA were an increase in cation exchange capacity and a reduction in available water capacity on all soils.Yields of tomatoes in the greenhouse were lower on the soils which had been cropped continuously to potatoes than on the corresponding soils which had been under continuous grass. VAMA increased yields of tomatoes on the continuous-potato soils. The increase in yield due to VAMA was directly related to increase in percentage of water-stable aggregates and total pore space.

Impact of Land Management on Available Water Capacity of Peat Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Liu ◽  
Franziska Tanneberger ◽  
Bernd Lennartz
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Capacity

<p>In Central Europe, about 90% of fen peatlands have been drained for agriculture and forestry leading to greenhouse gas emissions and soil degradation. Soil available water capacity (AWC) is one of the most important soil properties regulating the water balance at a given site and plays, thus, a pivotal role in plant growth. Compared with that of mineral substrates, our understanding of the AWC of peat is limited. In this study, we aimed to deduce possible alterations of the AWC of peat following soil degradation. We analysed a comprehensive database (674 measurements from boreal and temperate peatlands) to seek relations between bulk density (BD) and total porosity, field capacity, wilting point, and AWC. Bulk density was used as a proxy for peat degradation as it is closely correlated with the soil organic matter content. The AWC increases gradually with BD up to a value of 0.2 g cm<sup>−3</sup>; a further increase in BD leads to a considerable decrease in AWC. The increase in AWC occurs within the first 15 to 30 years of land drainage, depending on the initial soil BD before drainage. The function between BD and AWC enables us to upscale the AWC to a regional scale. The average AWC of agricultural peatlands in Germany is estimated to be 37 ± 11 vol% (mean ± standard deviation). In Germany, the AWC decreases with increasing soil depth for highly degraded peatlands, which are characterised by BD values of 0.4 g cm<sup>−3</sup> > BD > 0.2 g cm<sup>−3</sup>. However, for extremely degraded peatlands (BD > 0.4 g cm<sup>−3</sup>), the AWC increases with increasing soil depth. For those highly and extremely degraded peatlands, we estimated that 1 wt% organic carbon loss causes a drop of 1.25 vol% in AWC. Peatland rewetting may increase soil AWC, however, plants may still suffer from a water deficit under extreme dry weather conditions.</p>

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Microbial Formation of Nitrate-Nitrogen in Soil and Their Effects on Fertilizer Nitrogen Use Efficiency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Olness ◽  
Dian Lopez ◽  
David Archer ◽  
Jason Cordes ◽  
Colin Sweeney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Soil Clay ◽  
Soil Clay Content

Mineralization of soil organic matter is governed by predictable factors with nitrate-N as the end product. Crop production interrupts the natural balance, accelerates mineralization of N, and elevates levels of nitrate-N in soil. Six factors determine nitrate-N levels in soils: soil clay content, bulk density, organic matter content, pH, temperature, and rainfall. Maximal rates of N mineralization require an optimal level of air-filled pore space. Optimal air-filled pore space depends on soil clay content, soil organic matter content, soil bulk density, and rainfall. Pore space is partitioned into water- and air-filled space. A maximal rate of nitrate formation occurs at a pH of 6.7 and rather modest mineralization rates occur at pH 5.0 and 8.0. Predictions of the soil nitrate-N concentrations with a relative precision of 1 to 4 μg N g–1of soil were obtained with a computerized N fertilizer decision aid. Grain yields obtained using the N fertilizer decision aid were not measurably different from those using adjacent farmer practices, but N fertilizer use was reduced by >10%. Predicting mineralization in this manner allows optimal N applications to be determined for site-specific soil and weather conditions.

scholarly journals Determination of the effects of tillage on the productivity of a sandy loam soil using soil productivity models

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Tanko Bako ◽  
Ezekiel Ambo Mamai ◽  
Istifanus Akila Bardey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Aluminium Oxide ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Capacity ◽  
Tillage Methods

Based on the hypothesis that soil properties and productivity components should be affected by different tillage methods, field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the effects of zero tillage (ZT), one pass of disc plough tillage (P), one pass of disc plough plus one pass of disc harrow tillage (PH) and one pass of disc plough plus two passes of disc harrow tillage (PHH) on the distribution of the bulk density, available water capacity, pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, iron oxide and aluminium oxide at different soil depths, and their effects on the soil productivity. The available water capacity, pH, organic matter and available phosphorus were found to increase with the degree of tillage, while the bulk density, iron oxide and aluminium oxide were found to decrease with the degree of tillage. The results show that the soil productivity index was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected by the tillage methods and found to increase with the degree of tillage.

scholarly journals Improvement of soil available water capacity using biopore infiltration hole with compost in a coffee plantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2791-2799
Author(s):  
Atiqah Aulia Hanuf ◽  
Sugeng Prijono ◽  
S Soemarno
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Coffee Plantation ◽  
Coffee Tree ◽  
Coffee Pulp ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Capacity

Coffee plantation management has an important role in soil quality in order to increase coffee production. Biopore Infiltration Hole with Compost (BIHC) can increase soil available water capacity. In this study, the goal was to improve soil available water capacity in a coffee plantation with the implementation of the BIHC. This study was conducted at PTPN XII Bangelan, Malang, on March - August 2020. A randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used. The BIHC consisted of two-hole depths (30 cm and 60 cm) and two types of compost (goat manure and coffee pulp compost). The soil characteristics observed were water retention (pF) and C-organic at soil depths of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm. The coffee tree observed were number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test and Duncan's Multiple Distance Rate Test (DMRT) at 5% probability, using SPSS program. Results of the study showed that BIHC was able to increase the content of soil C-organic and the available water capacity significantly compared with control treatment. The BIHC implementation could increase soil available water capacity up to 65% at a soil depth of 0-20 cm, up to 60% at a soil depth of 20-40 cm, and up to 51% at a soil depth of 40-60 cm more than the control treatment. The soil available water capacity suggested a significant positive correlation (p≤0.05) with the leaves number of coffee tree and chlorophyll content of leaves.

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