The nutrient content of N, P, K in Andisols and Arabica coffee leaves in Bener Meriah Regency, Indonesia

Bener Meriah Regency is one of the arabica coffee areas in Indonesia. Generally, most of arabica coffees are grown in Andisols. This research aims to determine the nutrient content of N, P, K in andisols and arabica coffee leaves in the Bener Meriah regency. Data were collected from a 10-year-old arabica coffee tree planted on Andisols located at an altitude of 1200-1400 m above mean sea level and divided in five classes with different slopes, using the survey method and analysed descriptively. The results showed that andisols Bener Meriah had a total N content ranging from 0.09-0.51%. The P-available ranged from 0.3-12.81 mg.kg-1 and P-total content of 159.4-1246.7 mg.kg-1. The K-exchangeable content ranged from 0.17-0.52 cmol kg-1. Arabica coffee leaves contain N ranging from 0.85%-3.00%. The P content ranged from 0.10%-0.23%. Meanwhile, the K content ranged from 1.55%-2.33%. Furthermore, there is a close relationship between soil N-total and the N-nutrient of coffee leaves, soil P-available and P-nutrient of coffee leaves, and soil K-exchangeable and K nutrient contents of coffee leaves with r values of 0.78, 0.97, and 0.68 respectively.

Respons fisiologis dan agronomis bibit kopi pada kerapatan naungan yang berbeda

AbstrakTanaman kopi seringkali dibudidayakan di areal hutan, dimana terdapat tanaman tahunan seperti pepohonan yang terus tumbuh sehingga menurunkan intensitas cahaya yang jatuh ke tanaman kopi. Hal ini menjadi masalah bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman kopi yang dinaungi pohon tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji fisiologis dan agronomis dua kultivar kopi dalam intensitas naungan yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan informasi kultivar kopi yang terbaik. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret hingga Juni 2020 di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Jawa Barat. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split plot) dengan dua faktor dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Taraf dari main plot adalah tanpa naungan, naungan paranet 50%, 60%, 70%, dan 80%, sedangkan taraf dari sub plot adalah kultivar Lini S 795 dan Sigararutang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara naungan dan kultivar. Penggunaan naungan 70% memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap tinggi bibit kopi dan suhu daun, serta kultivar Lini S 975 memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap tinggi bibit kopi, luas daun, indeks klorofil, klorofil fluoresens dan suhu daun.Kata Kunci: Kopi, Lini S 795, Klorofil fluorescence, Sigararutang AbstractCultivation of coffee tree in forest areas, where the wooden trees grew previously, it will be causing in decreasing of light intensity that is falling into the ground as long as trees canopy development leading to shade of coffee trees, this is affecting coffee tree growth and development. The objective of this study was to evaluate physiologically and agronomically of two coffee seedling cultivars under net shading densities. The experiment was conducted at Ciparanje Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, from March to June 2020. Experimental design used in this research was split plot with two factors and three replications. The main plot was the shading densities which consisted of five levels, namely without shade 0%, net shade 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. The subplot was the coffee cultivars, consisted of two levels, namely Lini S 795 cultivar and Sigararutang. All parameters was not indicated any interaction. The results showed that the 70% shade gave the best effect on plant height and leaf temperature. Lini S 795 cultivar gave the best effect on plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll index, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf temperature.Keywords: Coffee, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Lini S 795, Net shading, Sigararutang

Coffee Farmers in Gayo Highlands: Comparison of Cultivation Practice between Farmers of Local Gayonese and Javanese Transmigrants

This study aims to describe the comparison of cultural values among coffee farmers with different ethnic backgrounds in Aceh Tengah and Bener Meriah District. The cultural values of coffee farmers who are transmigrants from Java showed different variations compared to those applied by the local Gayonese coffee farmers. Furhermore, this article explains the understanding and practice of cultural values and their implications in the system of coffee cultivation applied by transmigrant farmers from Java and those from local communities. Data was collected by applying ethnographic method through Live In, participatory observation, and indepth interview. The results showed that there were different patterns of cultivation applied by farmers with gayo ethnic and Javanese migrants living in Gayo. The differences lie on the pattern of cultivation and planting, as well as on the symbolization of the coffee tree itself. The most outstanding difference is that local Gayonese coffee farmers apply local wisdom in the practice coffee cultivation and use the four elements of life symbols such as land, water, air and wind when seeing coffee as a source of livelihood in their lives.

Identification of gluten-like proteins in selected pod bearing leguminous tree seeds

The protein composition, molecular weight distribution, and rheological properties of honey locust, mesquite, Kentucky coffee tree, and carob seed germs were compared against wheat gluten. Polymeric and Osborne fractionation protocols were used to assess biochemical properties. Dynamic oscillatory shear tests were performed to evaluate protein functionality. All samples had similar ratios of protein fractions as well as high molecular weight disulfide linked proteins except for the Kentucky coffee tree germ proteins, which were found to have lower molecular weight proteins with little disulfide polymerization. Samples were rich in acidic and polar amino acids (glutamic acid and arginine,). Rheological analyses showed that vital wheat gluten had the most stable network, while Kentucky coffee seed proteins had the weakest. High molecular weight disulfide linked glutenous proteins are a common, but not universal feature of pod bearing leguminous trees.

Improvement of soil available water capacity using biopore infiltration hole with compost in a coffee plantation

Coffee plantation management has an important role in soil quality in order to increase coffee production. Biopore Infiltration Hole with Compost (BIHC) can increase soil available water capacity. In this study, the goal was to improve soil available water capacity in a coffee plantation with the implementation of the BIHC. This study was conducted at PTPN XII Bangelan, Malang, on March - August 2020. A randomized block design with seven treatments and four replications was used. The BIHC consisted of two-hole depths (30 cm and 60 cm) and two types of compost (goat manure and coffee pulp compost). The soil characteristics observed were water retention (pF) and C-organic at soil depths of 0-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm. The coffee tree observed were number of leaves and chlorophyll content. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test and Duncan's Multiple Distance Rate Test (DMRT) at 5% probability, using SPSS program. Results of the study showed that BIHC was able to increase the content of soil C-organic and the available water capacity significantly compared with control treatment. The BIHC implementation could increase soil available water capacity up to 65% at a soil depth of 0-20 cm, up to 60% at a soil depth of 20-40 cm, and up to 51% at a soil depth of 40-60 cm more than the control treatment. The soil available water capacity suggested a significant positive correlation (p≤0.05) with the leaves number of coffee tree and chlorophyll content of leaves.