scholarly journals MEASUREMENT OF SOIL COLOR

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Shields ◽  
R. J. St. Arnaud ◽  
E. A. Paul ◽  
J. S. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Color Chart ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Visual Color ◽  
Sufficient Magnitude

The color of cultivated surface samples from Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils were measured by visual and spectroreflectance methods. Variations in visual color measurements among different observers were of sufficient magnitude to represent serious errors in the application of the soil color criteria outlined in the Canadian soil classification system.Spectroreflectance measurements facilitated the accurate measurement and characterization of the Munsell renotations of Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils sampled within their respective soil zones. The ratio of renotation value: renotation chroma of the Chernozemic samples (air-dry) were distinctly lower than those of the Gray Wooded samples. The presence of moisture caused a greater decrease in the renotation value of the Gray Wooded samples than it did in the Chernozemic samples. The renotation hue of most of the measured samples occurred midway between the 10YR and 2.5Y hue charts currently available in the Munsell soil color chart series.Color measurement of cultivated surface soil samples taken within the various soil zones of Saskatchewan indicated discrepancies between their renotation values and the color criteria currently suggested by the National Soil Survey Committee of Canada for the respective soils at the Order and Great Group levels.

scholarly journals ASPECTOS GEOARQUEOLÓGICOS DO SÍTIO CEMITÉRIO CAIXA D’ÁGUA: VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO - MINAS GERAIS/BRASIL.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernando Baggio Filho ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Thalita Siqueira de Meneses ◽  
Thiago Martins Da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Soil Geochemistry ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Archeological Site

Esta breve comunicação, tem como proposta apresentar aos leitores, um dos mais importantes sítios arqueológicos a céu aberto ao longo do Vale do São Francisco o Sítio Arqueológico Cemitério Caixa d’Água, localizado no município de Buritizeiro, norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. O projeto de pesquisa é financiado pela Fundação de Amaparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG, e tem como objetivo principal entender o padrão de aldeamento pré-histórico do sítio arqueológico. Foi montado uma malha superfial de amostragens, o material coletado será submetido a análises físico-químicas, químicas e mineralógica (classificação dos solos, fracionamento, cor dos solos, mineralogia, entre outras); químicas (pH, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cr, P, Pb e C orgânico Total ), além disso, a caracterização do ambiente físico. Os resultados obtidos poderão elucidar alguns dos principais enigmas arqueológicos do sítio, como por exemplo, os vários momentos de ocupação pré-histórica que ocorreram no sítio arqueológico Cemitério Caixa d’Água.Palavras-chave: Sítio arqueológico, FAPEMIG, solos, geoquímica ABSTRACT: THE CAIXA D’ÁGUA CEMETERY SITE GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL ASPECTS: SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY- MINAS GERAIS/BRAZIL. This brief communication, has a proposal to present to readers, one of the most important archaeological sites in the open along the São Francisco Valley Cemetery the archaeological site Caixa d’ água, located in the municipality of Buritizeiro, north of Minas Gerais. The research project is funded by the Fundação de Amaparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais - FAPEMIG, and has as main objective to understand the pattern of village's prehistoric archaeological site. Will be mounted, a mesh surface samples (geocoding, geoprocessing, soil, surface geochemistry, etc.). The collected material will be subjected to physical and chemical analyzes (soil classification, division, color of soil and others); chemical (pH, Zn, Cu, Ca, Cr, P, Pb, and total organic carbon), mineralogical analysis of soils, in addition, the characterization of the physical environment. The results may explain some of the major puzzles of the archaeological site, for example, the various moments of prehistoric archaeological site that occurred in the Caixa d’ água cemetery.Keywords: Archeological site, FAPEMIG, soil, geochemistry

scholarly journals HIGH RESOLUTION SOIL SURVEY OF CAPULIN VOLCANO NATIONAL MONUMENT, NEW MEXICO, USA

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Weindorf ◽  
B. Rinard ◽  
S. Johnson ◽  
B. Haggard ◽  
J. McPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
National Monument ◽  
Physicochemical Data ◽  
Slope Class

A high resolution survey was conducted of surface soil samples at Capulin Volcano National Monument in northeastern New Mexico, USA. Composited grid samples were collected and processed for physicochemical data. Brief site descriptions were made at each sampling location. Several departures from established USDA-NRCS SSURGO soils data were noted. Localized discrepancies in soil texture, slope class, elevation and soil pH were readily apparent in the data. Either the range of characteristics of soils mapped at the monument needs to be expanded, or new soil series should be utilized at the monument to reflect the differences observed.

scholarly journals Mapping and classification of a 100 hectare land at uzanu community, Edo state, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Lucky Agbogun ◽  
Umweni A.S. ◽  
Kadiri O.H ◽  
Faith Okunsebor
Keyword(s):  
Soil Classification ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Mapping Unit ◽  
Mapping Process ◽  
Edo State

This study was carried out at Uzanu Community in Etsako East Local Government Area of Edo State to identify some of the major soils of the project area, through a soil mapping process. The methodology involved mapping of the soils of a 100 hectare land using the rigid grid soil survey method at a detailed scale. Four mapping units were delineated from the ten transects of 100 m apart and 100 m interval examination points along transects which gave a total of 84 auger points. Four representative pedons were sunk, described and sampled. Soil samples were analyzed using standard methods. Soils were classified according to USDA soil taxonomy System of Soil Classification. Series classification was locally defined using guidelines provided by Smyth and Montgomery. The results showed that Pedon 1 representing a mapping unit with area coverage of 14.2 hectares or 14.2 % of the entire research area was classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Typic Plinthudult and locally as Origo series. The soils of mapping unit two, covering an area of 13.2 hectares or 13.2 % were classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Ruptic-Ultic-Dystrudept and locally as Origo series. Pedon three soils, covering an area of 38 hectares or 38 % were classified as Loamy Isohyperthermic Typic Plinthudult and locally as Origo series while the soils of mapping unit four represented by pedon four, covering an area of 34.7 hectares or 34.7 % were classified as Coarse Loamy Isohyperthermic Ruptic-Ultic-Dystrudept and locally as Ekiti series.

How qualitative spectral information can improve soil profile classification?

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina PP Marques ◽  
Rodnei Rizzo ◽  
André Carnieletto Dotto ◽  
Arnaldo Barros e Souza ◽  
Fellipe AO Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Spectral Information ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Taxonomic Class ◽  
Chemical Attributes

Soil classification is important to organize the knowledge of soil characteristics. Spectroscopy has increased in the last years as a technique for descriptive and quantitative evaluation of soils. Thus, our objective was to assess qualitative and quantitative methods on soil classification, based on model profiles. Soils in different environments in the Roraima state, Brazil, were evaluated and represented by 16 profiles, providing 109 soil samples, which were analyzed for particle size distribution, chemical attributes and spectral measurement. Visible-near infrared spectra (350–2500 nm) of soil samples were interpreted in terms of intensity, shape and features. The soil color obtained using a spectroradiometer and a colorimeter, and by a soil expert was compared. Descriptive and qualitative analyses were performed for all spectra of the soil profile samples. The descriptive evaluations of the spectral curves from all horizons of the same profile were used to identify the diagnostic attributes and assign a profile to a taxonomic class. This was possible because spectra of samples had specific shapes, features and intensities that combined to present a specific signature. The Outil Statistique d’Aide à la Cartogénèse Automatique and cluster quantitative analyses could not correctly group similar soil classes and they still need to be improved in order to extract all the variability of the spectral data to discriminate soil classes. Soil color quantification by the Munsell system using both equipments showed greater R2 and lower error than that achieved by a soil expert, due to influences of subjectivity inherent in human assessments. Based on this specific case, it was clear that the automatic system may be more consistent than the pedologist’s visual method. Future studies should focus on the development of an online tool that integrates a descriptive approach and spectral information of a given soil profile to determine its probable taxonomic class.

scholarly journals Modelling and Mapping Total and Bioaccessible Arsenic and Lead in Stoke-on-Trent and Their Relationships with Industry

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 515
Author(s):  
Joanna Wragg ◽  
Mark Cave
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Spatial Distributions ◽  
Forest Modelling ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Inverse Distance

This study was based on a geochemical soil survey of Stoke-on-Trent in the UK of 747 surface soil samples analysed for 53 elements. A subset of 50 of these soil samples were analysed for their bioaccessible As and Pb content using the Unified Barge Method. Random Forest modelling, using the total element data as predictor variables, was used to predict bioaccessible As and Pb for all 747 samples. Random Forest modelling, using inverse distance weighed predictors and bedrock and superficial geology, was also used to map both total and bioaccessible As and Pb on a 400 × 400 spatial prediction grid with a 50 m resolution. The predicted bioaccessible As ranged from ca. 1 to 8 mg/kg and the total As ca. 8 to 45 mg/kg. The bioaccessible Pb and the total Pb both covered the range ca. 16–1200 mg/kg, with the highest values for both forms of Pb showing similar spatial distributions. Predictor variable importance and information on past industry suggest that the source of both of these elements is driven by anthropogenic causes.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) extracted from soils by hot water percolation (HWP)

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takács ◽  
Gy. Füleky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Soil Humic Acid

The Hot Water Percolation (HWP) technique for preparing soil extracts has several advantages: it is easily carried out, fast, and several parameters can be measured from the same solution. The object of this study was to examine the possible use of HWP extracts for the characterization of soil organic matter. The HPLC-SEC chromatograms, UV-VIS and fluorescence properties of the HWP extracts were studied and the results were compared with those of the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Soil Humic Acid (HA), IHSS Soil Fulvic Acid (FA) and IHSS Suwannee Natural Organic Matter (NOM) standards as well as their HA counterparts isolated by traditional extraction methods from the original soil samples. The DOM of the HWP solution is probably a mixture of organic materials, which have some characteristics similar to the Soil FA fractions and NOM. The HWP extracted organic material can be studied and characterized using simple techniques, like UV-VIS and fluorescence spectroscopy.

PENGEMBANGAN TEKNOLOGI SELEKSI IN VITRO BERULANG (REPEAT CYCLING–IN VITRO SELECTION) TOLERAN STRES KEKERINGAN UNTUK PERBAIKAN MUTU GENETIK DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI BERMIKORIZA

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Ahmad Riduan ◽  
Rainiyati Rainiyati ◽  
Yulia Alia
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Single Spore Culture ◽  
Spore Culture ◽  
Glomus Sp

Every plant rhizospheres in any ecosystem there are various living microorganisms including Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF).  An isolation and characterization is required to investigate the species or type of the AMF. This research was aimed at studying the isolation and characterization of AMF sporulation in soybean rhizospheres in Jambi Province. The results of evaluation on soil samples before trapping showed that there are spores from three genus of AMF twelve types Glomus , two types Acaulospora and one type of Enthrophospora.  Following single spore culture in soybean rhizosphere, 5 spore types were obtained:  Glomus sp-1, Glomus sp-4, Glomus sp-7, Glomus sp-8 Glomus sp-10.

scholarly journals Screening and Characterization of Potent Poly Glutamic Acid Producing Bacillus sp. Isolated from Kinema, Water and Soil Samples

Heliyon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. e07715
Author(s):  
Punam Thapa ◽  
Alina Thapa ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Water And Soil Samples

Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia L. Fall
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Modern Pollen ◽  
Pollen Types ◽  
Pollen Rain ◽  
Arid Steppe ◽  
Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

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