Modelling and Mapping Total and Bioaccessible Arsenic and Lead in Stoke-on-Trent and Their Relationships with Industry

This study was based on a geochemical soil survey of Stoke-on-Trent in the UK of 747 surface soil samples analysed for 53 elements. A subset of 50 of these soil samples were analysed for their bioaccessible As and Pb content using the Unified Barge Method. Random Forest modelling, using the total element data as predictor variables, was used to predict bioaccessible As and Pb for all 747 samples. Random Forest modelling, using inverse distance weighed predictors and bedrock and superficial geology, was also used to map both total and bioaccessible As and Pb on a 400 × 400 spatial prediction grid with a 50 m resolution. The predicted bioaccessible As ranged from ca. 1 to 8 mg/kg and the total As ca. 8 to 45 mg/kg. The bioaccessible Pb and the total Pb both covered the range ca. 16–1200 mg/kg, with the highest values for both forms of Pb showing similar spatial distributions. Predictor variable importance and information on past industry suggest that the source of both of these elements is driven by anthropogenic causes.

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MEASUREMENT OF SOIL COLOR

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss66-012 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 83-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J. A. Shields ◽

R. J. St. Arnaud ◽

E. A. Paul ◽

J. S. Clayton

Keyword(s):

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Soil Color ◽

Color Chart ◽

Surface Samples ◽

Visual Color ◽

Sufficient Magnitude

The color of cultivated surface samples from Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils were measured by visual and spectroreflectance methods. Variations in visual color measurements among different observers were of sufficient magnitude to represent serious errors in the application of the soil color criteria outlined in the Canadian soil classification system.Spectroreflectance measurements facilitated the accurate measurement and characterization of the Munsell renotations of Chernozemic and Gray Wooded soils sampled within their respective soil zones. The ratio of renotation value: renotation chroma of the Chernozemic samples (air-dry) were distinctly lower than those of the Gray Wooded samples. The presence of moisture caused a greater decrease in the renotation value of the Gray Wooded samples than it did in the Chernozemic samples. The renotation hue of most of the measured samples occurred midway between the 10YR and 2.5Y hue charts currently available in the Munsell soil color chart series.Color measurement of cultivated surface soil samples taken within the various soil zones of Saskatchewan indicated discrepancies between their renotation values and the color criteria currently suggested by the National Soil Survey Committee of Canada for the respective soils at the Order and Great Group levels.

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HIGH RESOLUTION SOIL SURVEY OF CAPULIN VOLCANO NATIONAL MONUMENT, NEW MEXICO, USA

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:1292 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

Author(s):

D. Weindorf ◽

B. Rinard ◽

S. Johnson ◽

B. Haggard ◽

J. McPherson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Mexico ◽

High Resolution ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Survey ◽

Sampling Location ◽

Soil Series ◽

National Monument ◽

Physicochemical Data ◽

Slope Class

A high resolution survey was conducted of surface soil samples at Capulin Volcano National Monument in northeastern New Mexico, USA. Composited grid samples were collected and processed for physicochemical data. Brief site descriptions were made at each sampling location. Several departures from established USDA-NRCS SSURGO soils data were noted. Localized discrepancies in soil texture, slope class, elevation and soil pH were readily apparent in the data. Either the range of characteristics of soils mapped at the monument needs to be expanded, or new soil series should be utilized at the monument to reflect the differences observed.

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Comparison of Different Interpolation Methods for Prediction of Soil Salinity in Arid Irrigation Region in Northern China

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1535

Author(s):

Tonggang Fu ◽

Hui Gao ◽

Jintong Liu

Keyword(s):

Soil Salinity ◽

Subsurface Layer ◽

Salt Content ◽

Spatial Prediction ◽

Northern China ◽

Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽

Interpolation Methods ◽

Distance Weighting ◽

Total Salt Content ◽

Inverse Distance

Numerous methods have been used in the spatial prediction of soil salinity. However, the most suitable method is still unknown in arid irrigation regions. In this paper, 78 locations were sampled in salt-affected land caused by irrigation in an arid area in northern China. The geostatistical characteristics of the soil pH, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Total Salt Content (TSC), and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) of the surface (0–20 cm) and subsurface (20–40 cm) layers were analyzed. The abilities of the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Ordinary Kriging (OK), and CoKriging (CK) interpolation methods were compared, and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was used to justify the results of the methods. The results showed that the spatial distributions of the soil properties obtained using the different interpolation methods were similar. However, the surface layer exhibits more spatial heterogeneity than the subsurface layer. Based on the RSME, the nugget/sill value and range significantly affected which method was the most suitable. Lower nugget/sill values and lower ranges can be fitted using the IDW method, but higher nugget/sill values and higher ranges can be fitted using the OK method. These results provide a valuable reference for the prediction of soil salinity.

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Pollen Taphonomy in a Canyon Stream

Quaternary Research ◽

10.1016/0033-5894(87)90006-8 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 393-406 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Patricia L. Fall

Keyword(s):

Surface Soil ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Alluvial Deposits ◽

Modern Pollen ◽

Pollen Types ◽

Pollen Rain ◽

Arid Steppe ◽

Turbulent Water

AbstractSurface soil samples from the forested Chuska Mountains to the arid steppe of the Chinle Valley, Northeastern Arizona, show close correlation between modern pollen rain and vegetation. In contrast, modern alluvium is dominated by Pinus pollen throughout the canyon; it reflects neither the surrounding floodplain nor plateau vegetation. Pollen in surface soils is deposited by wind; pollen grains in alluvium are deposited by a stream as sedimentary particles. Clay-size particles correlate significantly with Pinus, Quercus, and Populus pollen. These pollen types settle, as clay does, in slack water. Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthus, Artemisia, other Tubuliflorae, and indeterminate pollen types correlate with sand-size particles, and are deposited by more turbulent water. Fluctuating pollen frequencies in alluvial deposits are related to sedimentology and do not reflect the local or regional vegetation where the sediments were deposited. Alluvial pollen is unreliable for reconstruction of paleoenvironments.

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Testing and Comparing the Applicability of Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8 Reflectance Data in Estimating Mountainous Herbaceous Biomass Before and After Fire Using Random Forest Modelling

IGARSS 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium ◽

10.1109/igarss39084.2020.9323446 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mmathapelo Semela ◽

Abel Ramoelo ◽

Samuel Adelabu

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Forest Modelling ◽

Herbaceous Biomass ◽

Before And After ◽

Reflectance Data ◽

Sentinel 2

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GIS-based spatial prediction of landslide using road factors and random forest for Sichuan-Tibet Highway

Journal of Mountain Science ◽

10.1007/s11629-021-6848-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cheng-ming Ye ◽

Rui-long Wei ◽

Yong-gang Ge ◽

Yao Li ◽

José Marcato Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Random Forest ◽

Spatial Prediction

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Agronomic and environmental soil test phosphorus in manured and non-manured Manitoba soils

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/s06-030 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (1) ◽

pp. 73-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Kimaragamage ◽

O O Akinremi ◽

D. Flaten ◽

J. Heard

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Single Equation ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Test ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Soil P ◽

Soil Test Phosphorus ◽

Bray 1 ◽

Water Extractable

Quantitative relationships between soil test phosphorus (STP) methods are needed to guide P management especially in manured soils with high P. Our objectives were: (i) to compare amounts of P extracted by different methods; (ii) to develop and verify regression equations to convert results among methods; and (iii) to establish environmental P thresholds for different methods, in manured and non-manured soils of Manitoba. We analyzed 214 surface soil samples (0–15 cm), of which 51 had previous manure application. Agronomic STP methods were Olsen (O-P), Mehlich-3 (M3-P), Kelowna-1 (original; K1-P), Kelowna-2 (modified; K2-P), Kelowna-3 (modified; K3-P), Bray-1 (B1-P) and Miller and Axley (MA-P), while environmental STP methods were water extractable (W-P), Ca Cl2 extractable (Ca-P) and iron oxide impregnated filter paper (FeO-P) methods. The different methods extracted different amounts of P, but were linearly correlated. For an O-P range of 0–30 mg kg-1, relationships between O-P and other STP were similar for manured and nonmanured soils, but the relationships diverged at higher O-P levels, indicating that one STP cannot be reliably converted to another using a single equation for manured and non-manured soils at environmentally critical P levels (0–100 mg kg-1 O-P). Suggested environmental soil P threshold ranges, in mg P kg-1, were 88–118 for O-P, 138–184 for K1-P, 108–143 for K2-P, 103–137 for K3-P, 96–128 for B1-P, 84–111 for MA-P, 15–20 for W-P, 5–8 for Ca-P and 85–111 for FeO-P. Key words: Phosphorus, soil test phosphorus, manured soils, non-manured soils, environmental threshold

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Urban soil assessment caused by heavy metals contamination in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 851 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

A T Sekarningsih ◽

W Budianta ◽

I W Warmada ◽

H Hinode

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Soil Samples ◽

City Center ◽

Urban City ◽

Heavy Metals Contamination ◽

The City ◽

Cu And Zn ◽

Yogyakarta City

Abstract The effect of urbanization and industrialization in the urban city is soil contamination by heavy metals. This study was conducted to assess Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd, in the soil of Yogyakarta city and its surrounding, Indonesia. The assessment was done by analyzing 45 surface soil samples in the study area, divided into three-zone. They are divided based on the distance of each zone to the center of the city. The zone III is located in the outermost of the study area, and zone I is inside the city. The results of the study showed that generally, the highest concentration of metals was located in zone I, which is located near or directly situated in a city center. The result indicated that Pb and Cd had the highest pollution index compared to Cu and Zn. The pollition load indeks (PLI) and geoaccumulation indeks (Igeo) calculations in the whole study area showed that the values demonstrated a moderate class in average. Special attention was needed to be given to the zone I, which has a higher PLI and Igeo index to reduce the source of emission for Pb and Cd.

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Empirical Characterization of Heavy Metals in Crude Oil Spill Sites in Emohua, Rivers State, Nigeria

European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences ◽

10.24018/ejgeo.2021.2.5.161 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 24-28

Author(s):

Nnamdi Michael Ahiamadu ◽

Ify L. Nwaogazie ◽

Yusuf O. L. Momoh

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Water ◽

Oil Spill ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Surface Soil ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Petroleum Resource ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rivers State ◽

Pb Concentration

The study assessed the concentration of heavy metals in three oil spill sites in Emohua local government area in Rivers State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at depth 0-30cm for surface soil samples and up to 10m for sub-surface soil samples depending on the depth of borehole. Groundwater samples were collected from drilled boreholes while the surface water samples were collected from fishponds or water bodies (rivers) close to the oil spill sites. The samples taken from the oil spill sites were analysed to determine the level of concentration of 10 Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR) specified heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ba, Ni, Hg, As, and Co). BUCK Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used in detecting the concentration of the heavy metals. For the surface soil, Pb concentration in site A and B were significantly higher than what was obtained at site C, with a mean concentration of 219.70, 130.01 and 3.41mg/kg respectively for the three sites. The mean lead (Pb) concentration obtained in the surface soil was within DPR and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) acceptable limits. Barium also has significant concentration in both the surface soil and sub-surface soil. Kruskal Wallis test indicated significant difference in the Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr and Ba concentration in surface/topsoil among the three sites and also indicated significant difference in the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Ba and As in sub-surface soil among the sites. Little heavy metal concentration was found in both the groundwater and surface water. The study showed that even if some heavy metals were detected at the oil spill sites, they do not pose any serious health risk, as all the heavy metals in the four environmental media at the three sampling sites were below the national limit stipulated by the Department of Petroleum Resource (DPR), Nigeria.

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