EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE AND SULPHATE ON THE GROWTH OF LETTUCE AND RADISH IN SOME ORGANIC SOILS OF SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. VAN LIEROP ◽  
A. F. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Depression

The effects of lime and gypsum applications were determined on lettuce yields, soil pH and extractable aluminum for 10 organic soils. No increase in yield attributable to liming was found beyond pH 4, and a significant yield depression occurred with gypsum treatments. Further, the more acid soils outyielded the less acid but denser cultivated soils. Although the limestone applications increased soil pH significantly, significant treatment–soil interaction effects were found, and were ascribed to lower soil-limestone reactivities of the denser, less acid organic soils. Consequently, soil pH change upon liming was significantly correlated with bulk density and percent ash. Maximum yields were obtained at extractable aluminum levels lower than 0.1 meq/100 g soil. Further, potentially toxic levels of extractable aluminum disappeared at the same pH as maximum attainable lettuce yields; consequently, its possible toxicity was associated with pH effects in these soils. Field experiments with radishes grown on two organic soils gave initial increases in yields. This effect was surmised to be due to increased N-mineralization, because subsequently the controls outyielded the liming treatments.

Predicting lime-induced changes in soil-pH From exchangeable aluminum, soil-Ph, total exchangeable cations and organic-carbon values measured on unlimed soils

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hochman ◽  
GJ Crocker ◽  
EB Dettman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Exchangeable Cations ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration

The 'Lime-it' model is a decision support system for graziers wanting to lime acid soils. In this study we used field experimental data to test, improve and validate the model's ability to predict changes in soil pH due to variable rates of lime. Data from 13 field experiments, in which soil parameters were measured 1 year after liming acid soils, were used to derive an index of pH responsiveness to lime (LRI) at each site. Multivariate analysis was used to derive a predictive model: LRI was found to be significantly correlated (P < 0.0001) with hydrogen ion concentration ([H+]x 105 ), exchangeable aluminium (Al), exchangeable cations (TEC) and percent organic carbon (C) data of the unlimed soils. The multivariate equation was then tested against an independent data set by comparing the predicted pH change with the measured pH change for eight soils. This evaluation, though generally acceptable, showed a small but significant deviation from the desired 1:1 ratio between observed and predicted pH change. We re-calibrated the model for the combined data to derive the model: LRI = 0.764 + 0.042 [H+] - 0.016 TEC - 0.097 Al - 0.016 C. When this model was tested over the whole data set for predicted v. measured pH changes, the following result was found: measured pH change = 1.01 (predicted pH change) - 0.05 (R2 = 0.85, n = 308). The implications of the predictive equation are considered with regard to the mechanisms that are thought to be associated with pH buffering.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE SOIL ACIDITY PROBLEM IN ALBERTA AND NORTHEASTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG ◽  
P. B. HOYT ◽  
W. A. RICE ◽  
B. SIEMENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Crop Species

The amount of cultivated acid soil in Alberta and northeastern British Columbia was estimated from pH values of farm samples analyzed by the Alberta Soil Testing Laboratory, and the effect of soil acidity on crops was assessed from field experiments on 28 typical acid soils. The field experiments consisted of two cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and one cultivar each of rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) grown with and without lime for 2 yr. There are about 30,000 ha of soils with a pH of 5.0 or less where soil acidity seriously restricts yields of all four crop species. There are approximately 300,000 ha with a soil pH of 5.1–5.5 where liming will on the average increase yields of alfalfa by 100%, yields of barley by 10–15%, and yields of rapeseed and red clover by 5–10%. There are a further 1,600,000 ha where soil pH ranges from 5.6 to 6.0 and liming will increase yields of alfalfa by approximately 50% and yields of barley, rapeseed and red clover by at least 4–5%.

The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Scanlan ◽  
Ross F. Brennan ◽  
Mario F. D'Antuono ◽  
Gavin A. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Impact

Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime×P interaction (P<0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0kgPha–1 and the curves converged at 32kgPha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime×P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.

scholarly journals Plant-availability of soil and fertilizer zinc in cultivated soils of Finland

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-270
Author(s):  
Markku Yli-Halla
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Cultivated Soils

The Zn status of cultivated soils of Finland was investigated by chemical analyses and bioassays. The effect on ryegrass of different Zn fertilizers and Zn rates was studied in pot experiments and their effect on barley and timothy in field experiments. In an uncontaminated surface soil material of 72 mineral soils and 34 organogenic soils, total Zn (Zntot) was 10.3-202 mg kg-1(median 66 mg kg-1). In mineral soils, Zntot correlated positively with clay content (r = 0.81***) and in organogenic soils negatively with organic C (r = -0.53***). Zinc bound by organic matter and sesquioxides was sequentially extracted by 0.1 M K4P2O7 (Znpy) and 0.05 M oxalate at pH 2.9 (Znox), respectively. The sum Znpy + Znox, a measure of secondary Zn potentially available to plants, was 2 - 88% of Zntot and was the lowest in clay (median 5%) and highest in peat soils (median 49%). Water-soluble and exchangeable Zn consisted of0.3 - 37% (median 3%) of Zntot, the percentage being higher in acid soils, particularly in peat soils. Zinc was also extracted by 0.5 M ammonium acetate - 0,5 M acetic acid - 0.02 M Na2-EDTA at pH 4.65 (ZnAC), the method used in soil testing in Finland. The quantities of ZnAC (median 2.9 mg dm-3, range 0.6 - 29.9 mg dm-3) averaged 50% and 75% of Znpy + Znox in mineral and organogenic soils, respectively, and correlated closely with Znpy. In soil profiles, ZnAC was with few exceptions higher in the plough layer (0 - 20 cm) than in the subsoil (30 - 100 cm). In an intensive pot experiment on 107 surface soils, four crops of ryegrass took up 2 - 68% (median 26%)of Znpy + Znox. The plant-available Zn reserves were not exhausted even though in a few peat soils the Zn supply to grass decreased over time. Variation of Zn uptake was quite accurately explained by ZnAC but increasing pH had a negative impact on Zn uptake. Application of Zn (10 mg dm-3 of soil as ZnSO4 * 7 H2O) did not give rise to yield increases. In mineral soils, increase of plant Zn concentration correlated negatively with soil pH while ZnAC was of secondary importance. In those organogenic soils in which the reserves of native Zn were the most effectively utilized, plant Zn concentration also responded most strongly to applied Zn. In two 2-year field experiments, Zn application did not increase timothy or barley yields. Zinc concentration of timothy increased from 30 mg kg-1 to 33 and 36 mg kg-1 when 3 or 6 kg Zn ha-1 was applied, respectively. The efficiency of ZnSO4 * 7 H2O alone did not differ from that of a fertilizer where ZnSO4 * 7H20 was granulated with gypsum. Zinc concentration of barley grains increased by foliar sprays of Na2Zn-EDTA but only a marginal response to soil-applied Zn (4.8 or 5.4 kg ha-1 over three years) was detected in three 3-year experiments. High applications of Zn to soil (15 or 30 kg ha-1 as ZnSO4 * 7H2O) were required to increase Zn concentration of barley markedly. In order to prevent undue accumulation of fertilizer Zn in soil, it is proposed that Zn fertilizer recommendations for field crops should be based on both soil pH and ZnAC. In slightly acid and neutral soils, even if poor in Zn, response of plant Zn concentration to applied Zn remains small while there is a high response in strongly acid soils.

Nitrification activity in acid soils of north-eastern Victoria, Australia, as affected by liming and phosphorus fertilisation

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Islam ◽  
R. E. White ◽  
D. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Nitrification Activity ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Elevated Activity

A short-term nitrification assay (SNA) was used to measure the activity of soil nitrifiers and their response to pH change in acid pasture soils (pH 4.8–5.3 in water) at the sites of Maindample and Ruffy in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. Changes in soil pH associated with lime applications in the field resulted in a change in the optimum pH (pHopt) of the nitrifying organisms in the range 4.93–6.94. Nitrification in these soils was predominantly autotrophic, and rates increased from 0.18 to 0.93 μg NO3–-N/g.h with increasing pH. The strong positive correlation between field soil pH and the respective pHopt values suggested that the indigenous nitrifier population had adapted to the change in soil pH. SNA measurements within 6 months of lime application to Maindample soil showed that the soil nitrifying organisms had rapidly adapted to the pH change. However, the residual effect of lime on nitrifier activity was long-lasting (up to 8 years) and may involve more than a simple effect on soil pH. Repeat application of lime further enhanced nitrification activity on an already elevated activity, but only if sufficient time was allowed (>3 years) after the earlier application. Phosphate applications to these soils did not affect the general pH response in nitrifier activity. Both soils had considerable capacity for nitrification, even at pHs much lower than the commonly accepted range for autotrophic nitrifiers.

scholarly journals SOIL pH MEASUREMENT AND ITS APPLICATION TO ORGANIC SOILS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. van LIEROP ◽  
A. F. MacKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Saturation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Hydrogen

The average soil pH of 10 organic soils was significantly influenced by drying and the salt concentration of the suspending media. Accordingly, mean soil pH of field-moist and oven-dried soils was pH 5.0 and 4.5, 4.1 and 3.9, and 3.8 and 3.6 for soils suspended in water, 0.015 M CaCl2 and 1 M KCl. A significant treatment–soil interaction indicated that the soils responded differently to the treatments. No junction potentials were found when the ionic strength of the solution was 0.01 M CaCl2 equivalent or greater. Milli-equivalents exchangeable hydrogen (−0.984**), percent hydrogen saturation (−0.966**) milli-equivalents extractable bases (0.937**) and percent base saturation (0.957**) were more closely correlated with 1 M KCl pH values than with values in the other media. Liming influenced soil pH significantly on all field sites and within 8 h after application on two field sites. The influence of liming on soil pH tended to diminish the year after applications were made. Measured soil pH variability among treatments and replicates at various sampling dates ranged up to 1 pH unit during the growing season. However, it was about 0.2 pH unit on the control treatments with undetectable quantities of residual limestone. The quantity of reacted limestone was established at 25 and 40%, between 23 May and 31 July, on two sites (J.I.V. and S.B.). The reacted limestone was found to be proportional to the application rate.

Effects of Pelleting Cowpea and Soyabean Seed with Fertilizer Dusts

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Rhodes ◽  
D. Nangju
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Coating Materials

SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several pelleting materials in increasing the yields of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on acid soils in Sierra Leone. The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of molybdenum, applied either alone or in combination with rock phosphate, in improving growth and yield of cowpea. The beneficial effect of molybdenum was comparable (Exp. 1) or greater (Exp. 2) than the effect of liming with 3 t/ha basic slag. However, none of the coating materials had any effect on soyabean growth and yield, although molybdenum significantly increased nodules/plant. Calcium carbonate and basic slag pelletings were ineffective in both crops.

Nodulation and growth of Medicago truncatula on acid soils. I. Effect of calcium carbonate and inoculation level on the nodulation of Medicago truncatula on a moderately acid soil

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Robson ◽  
JF Loneragan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Annual Medicago ◽  
Medicago Species

On a moderately acid soil (pH 4.6 in 115 suspension of soil in 0.01M calcium chloride), nodulation of Medicago truncatula cv. Cyprus responded markedly to increasing applications of calcium carbonate, which increased soil pH. Since the effect of increasing soil pH on the percentage nodulation could be replaced to a large extent by increasing the inoculation level, it appeared that nodulation was restricted by the inability of Rhizobium meliloti to survive or multiply in the acid soil. The growth of R, meliloti appeared more sensitive to soil acidity than growth of the host plant of annual Medicago species. It is suggested that more acid-tolerant strains of R. meliloti would permit annual Medicago species to be grown successfully on moderately acid soils, thus extending the range of soils suitable for the growth of these species.

scholarly journals Undiagnosed metal phytotoxicity in soils: Measurement of soil pH micro-variability under Manawatu pastures, and assessment of an alternative means of amelioration.

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. Bishop ◽  
B.F. Quin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Commercial Laboratory

Although not always recognised as such, the major reason for the recommended application of sufficient lime to achieve a soil pH of 5.5 or more on New Zealand pastures is to ameliorate phytotoxic effects of water soluble cations of aluminium (Al), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe). However, evidence that increasing numbers of farms have sub-optimum soil pH levels suggests that traditional treatment, viz. infrequent heavy applications of agricultural lime, is not considered cost-effective by many farmers, probably due largely to increasing application costs. Application of the carboxylate copolymer AlpHa® to eliminate phytotoxic levels of Al, Mn and Fe was found to be comparable in effectiveness to typical rates of lime application, but with the advantage of minimal application cost, as the low application rate required (2 L/ha) can be incorporated into fertiliser or (reduced) lime applications. Standard soil testing of commercial farms involves combining 15-20 soil cores from a given paddock to determine the "average" pH. As well as underestimating the mean pH, this method gives no information regarding micro-variability of soil pH in the pasture root zone. Over 25% of the pasture root zone was found to have pH levels 0.3 to 0.6 lower than the true average, the therefore susceptible to metal toxicity. Commercial laboratory testing of individual cores would be uneconomic. The in-field direct measurement of soil (damp) pH using the antimony (Sb) electrode was found to be a very convenient and robust technique for assessing variability. The benefits of more accurate identification of metal toxicity risk coupled with the potential of a more cost-effective method of amelioration are discussed. Keywords: metal toxicities, Al, Mn, Fe toxicity treatment, alternatives to liming, acid soils under pastures, pH variability in pastures, urine patch pH effects, AlpHa®, carboxylate co-polymers

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