Effects of Pelleting Cowpea and Soyabean Seed with Fertilizer Dusts

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Rhodes ◽  
D. Nangju
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Coating Materials

SUMMARYTwo field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of several pelleting materials in increasing the yields of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) on acid soils in Sierra Leone. The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of molybdenum, applied either alone or in combination with rock phosphate, in improving growth and yield of cowpea. The beneficial effect of molybdenum was comparable (Exp. 1) or greater (Exp. 2) than the effect of liming with 3 t/ha basic slag. However, none of the coating materials had any effect on soyabean growth and yield, although molybdenum significantly increased nodules/plant. Calcium carbonate and basic slag pelletings were ineffective in both crops.

scholarly journals Field experiments on phosphate fertilizers: A joint investigation

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Basic Slag ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizers ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Joint Investigation

The results of over 400 field experiments testing different kinds of phosphate fertilizers are summarized and are discussed with special reference to the reactions of the soils used. The classifications were:‘very acid’ soils—pH below 5·5, ‘acid soils’— pH 5·6 to 6·5, neutral soils—pH over 6·5. All comparisons are made in terms of fertilizers supplying the same amounts of total phosphorus.In war-time experiments Gafsa and Morocco rock phosphates were about two-thirds as efficient as superphosphate for swedes and turnips grown on very acid soils. In 1951–3 experiments on very acid and acid soils Gafsa phosphate was practically equivalent to superphosphate for swedes, but for potatoes it was as effective as only one-third as much phosphorus supplied as superphosphate; on neutral soils Gafsa phosphate was useless. For establishing grassland on acid soils Gafsa and Morocco phosphate were equivalent to about onethird as much phosphorus supplied as high-soluble basic slag. Rock phosphates were somewhat more effective for promoting growth of established grassland but they remained inferior to high-soluble basic slags and to superphosphate. Curacao rock phosphate was roughly equivalent to Gafsa phosphate for swedes and grass. Florida pebble phosphate was much less effective and was judged unsuitable for direct application. Mixtures of rock phosphate with superphosphate were not more efficient than equivalent amounts of the separate components used correctly.Silicophosphate was practically as effective as superphosphate for swedes grown on very acid and acid soils; it was less efficient on neutral soils. For potatoes silicophosphate was nearly as effective as superphosphate on very acid soils; it was much less efficient on acid and neutral soils. Silicophosphate was roughly equivalent to high-soluble basic slag for grassland.Mixtures of superphosphate with lime, serpentine, and low-grade basic slag were prepared, most of the water-soluble phosphorus being converted to insoluble forms. In experiments on swedes and potatoes these basic superphosphates were not superior to untreated superphosphate. For establishing grassland on very acid soils, the mixtures were slightly superior to ordinary superphosphate.Dicalcium phosphate was practically equivalent to superphosphate for swedes on all groups of soils. For potatoes dicalcium phosphate was more efficient than superphosphate on very acid soils, on less acid and neutral soils it was inferior to superphosphate.

Improved growth and yield of Faba beans (Vicia faba cv. Fiord) by inoculation with strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae in acid soils in south west Victoria

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Carter ◽  
WK Gardner ◽  
AH Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
South West ◽  
Faba Beans

The response of faba beans (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) to seed inoculation with eight strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar. viciae was examined in field experiments at six sites on acid soils in south-west Victoria. At two of the sites, two additional strains were examined, and in 1988, 14 strains were examined at one site. Very low natural populations of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae were found at the experimental sites. Most strains resulted in improved early nodulation and increased grain yield at all sites, when compared to inoculation with the commercial strain of rhizobia (SU391). Plant dry matter production and nitrogen accumulation in the plant shoot tissue was also increased at one site during the flowering period by some strains. Large visual differences between plots inoculated with SU391 and other strains were evident at most sites. Most uninoculated treatments were not nodulated and yielded very poorly. Treatments inoculated with the strain SU391 performed similarly to the uninoculated treatments.

Interaction of Metribuzin and Trifluralin with Soil Type on Soybean(Glycine max)Growth

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Moomaw ◽  
A. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Soybean Yield

Field experiments were conducted on a Moody silty clay loam (pH 6.5) and a Crofton silt loam (pH 7.9) to evaluate the influence of soil texture and pH on metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] toxicity to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’] as influenced by trifluralin [α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine]. One Crofton silt loam site contained atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] residue. Soybean growth and yield was not significantly affected by metribuzin and trifluralin applications on the Moody silty clay loam. On the Crofton silt loam without atrazine residue, substantial early season soybean injury from metribuzin did not result in significantly reduced soybean yield. Atrazine residue from previous row banding on corn(Zea maysL.) on the Crofton silt loam reduced soybean tolerance to metribuzin but normal use rates of 0.4 kg/ha metribuzin did not significantly reduce soybean yield. Trifluralin reduced early season soybean injury from metribuzin but this effect was not reflected in soybean yield. Metribuzin injury to soybeans was greater in years when more rainfall and cooler temperatures occurred following herbicide application. Metribuzin applied either preplant incorporated with or as an overlay on trifluralin resulted in equal soybean injury and yield.

scholarly journals Economically Optimal Plant Density for Machine-harvested Edamame

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373
Author(s):  
Daljeet S. Dhaliwal ◽  
Martin M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Area Index

Consumer demand for edamame [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], the vegetable version of soybean (Glycine max), has grown during the past decade in North America. Domestic production of edamame is on the rise; however, research to guide fundamental crop production practices, including knowledge useful for developing appropriate recommendations for crop seeding rate, is lacking. Field experiments near Urbana, IL, were used to quantify edamame response to plant density and determine the economically optimal plant density (EOPD) of machine-harvested edamame. Crop growth and yield responses to a range of plant densities (24,700 to 395,100 plants/ha) were quantified in four edamame cultivars (AGS 292, BeSweet 292, Gardensoy 42, and Midori Giant) across 2 years. Plots were harvested with the Oxbo BH100, a fresh market bean harvester. In general, as plant density increased, branch number and the ratio of pod mass to vegetative mass decreased, while plant height and leaf area index increased. Recovery, the percent of marketable pods in the machine-harvested sample, varied among cultivars from 86% to 95%. Results identified the EOPD for machine-harvested edamame ranged from 87,000 to 120,000 plants/ha. When considering the effect of plant density on plant morphology, as well as seeding cost, harvester efficiency, recovery, and marketable pod yield, edamame EOPDs are considerably lower than seeding rates of up to 344,200 seeds/ha recommended in recent publications.

Mutual Influences of Seedling Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), and Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D. Sims ◽  
Lawrence R. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Matter Production

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate competitive effects of johnsongrass and sicklepod on growth and yield of irrigated and nonirrigated soybeans. Johnsongrass reduced soybean growth early in the growing season. Sicklepod was competitive all season, but competitiveness was greatest during the soybean reproductive stage. Soybean yields were reduced 31% by sicklepod, 14% by johnsongrass, and 36% by both weeds growing together. Nonirrigated soybeans yielded less than irrigated, but percent yield reductions were similar. Johnsongrass dry matter production and seed yield were reduced more than sicklepod by soybean interference. Soybean and sicklepod interference reduced johnsongrass seed production 73 to 95%. Johnsongrass produced 245 to 1238 seeds per plant when interfering with soybeans and sicklepod. Sicklepod seeds per plant were reduced 6 to 31% by johnsongrass interference and 47 to 75% by soybeans and soybeans plus johnsongrass.

Growth Analysis of Soybeans (Glycine max) in Competition with Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium)

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hagood ◽  
T. T. Bauman ◽  
J. L. Williams ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Pod Number

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of jimsonweed (Datura stramoniumL.) densities and planting dates on the growth and yield of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’]. Jimsonweed densities of 1.5 and 2 plants/m2did not reduce the dry weight of soybean leaf, stem, root, or pod and seed tissues, leaf area index, plant height, pod number, or seed yield when soybeans and jimsonweed were planted at the same time. Weed densities ranging from 3 to 16 plants/m2did reduce one or more of these soybean growth parameters. A significant density-by-year interaction was observed in which soybean growth reductions caused by high jimsonweed densities were less when competition for water was minimized by above-average precipitation in 1 of the 2 yr. No density of jimsonweed that emerged when soybeans were at the fourth trifoliolate-leaf stage reduced crop growth or yield.

EFFECTS OF CALCIUM CARBONATE AND SULPHATE ON THE GROWTH OF LETTUCE AND RADISH IN SOME ORGANIC SOILS OF SOUTHWESTERN QUEBEC

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM. VAN LIEROP ◽  
A. F. MACKENZIE
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Depression

The effects of lime and gypsum applications were determined on lettuce yields, soil pH and extractable aluminum for 10 organic soils. No increase in yield attributable to liming was found beyond pH 4, and a significant yield depression occurred with gypsum treatments. Further, the more acid soils outyielded the less acid but denser cultivated soils. Although the limestone applications increased soil pH significantly, significant treatment–soil interaction effects were found, and were ascribed to lower soil-limestone reactivities of the denser, less acid organic soils. Consequently, soil pH change upon liming was significantly correlated with bulk density and percent ash. Maximum yields were obtained at extractable aluminum levels lower than 0.1 meq/100 g soil. Further, potentially toxic levels of extractable aluminum disappeared at the same pH as maximum attainable lettuce yields; consequently, its possible toxicity was associated with pH effects in these soils. Field experiments with radishes grown on two organic soils gave initial increases in yields. This effect was surmised to be due to increased N-mineralization, because subsequently the controls outyielded the liming treatments.

Growth Analysis of Soybeans (Glycine max) in Competition with Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hagood ◽  
T. T. Bauman ◽  
J. L. Williams ◽  
M. M. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abutilon Theophrasti ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of varying velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) densities and planting dates on the growth and yield of soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Amsoy 71’]. Velvetleaf densities ranging from 2.5 to 40 plants/m2caused reductions in the dry weight of soybean leaves, stems, roots, and pods and seeds, and in the leaf area index, pod number, and seed yield when velvetleaf and soybean plants emerged at the same time. The magnitude of reduction in soybean growth and the time at which the reduction was first observed was dependent on weed density. Soybean growth reductions caused by high velvetleaf densities were less when conditions of high soil moisture content minimized the effects of competition for water. Velvetleaf emerging 21 and 23 days after soybean emergence did not reduce crop growth or yield.

Seed pelleting to improve nodulation of tropical and sub-tropical legumes. 2. The variable response to lime and rock phosphate pelleting of eight legumes in the field

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Norris
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Tropical Legumes

To determine whether a lime oy rock phosphate pellet has any beneficial effect on nodulation of tropical legumes two field experiments were done using Centrosema pubescens, Dolichos lab lab, Desmodium intortum, D. uncinatm, Lotononis angolensis, and Glycine wightii cvs. Cooper, Clarence and Tinaroo. At one site the experiment was sod-seeded into a Paspalum-Axonopus sward, at the other it was sown into cultivated soil. The second site was acid and calcium-deficient and lime was deliberately withheld to introduce bias towards a lime pellet response. At both sites each legume was tried separately with two effective Rhizobium strains and the effect of lime or phosphate pelleting was assessed by comparison with inoculation done with Cellofas sticker without pellet. Nodulation was assessed on 100 plants of each species at ages from seven to twelve weeks. At the sod-seeding site Lotononis and D. intortum did not establish, but the remaining twelve legume-Rhizobium combinations showed no benefit in nodulation from lime pelleting. At the calcium-deficient site lime pelleting in comparison with Cellofas inoculation improved nodulation with eight legume-Rhizobium combinations, had no effect with six combinations, and depressed nodulation with two combinations. Rock phosphate pelleting showed no benefit in nodulation in twelve combinations under sod-seeding. At the calcium-deficient site four combinations showed improved nodulation and 12 combinations no effect, but there were no negative effects. Good nodulation resulted from simple Cellofas inoculation at both sites, with the exception of D. uncinatum at Beerwah. Pelleting treatments gave no yield increases with the exception of D. uncinatum at Beerwah where yield was significantly increased by lime pelleting. No evidence in favour of routine pelleting with either lime or phosphate was provided bv these experiments. The superiority of certain rhizobial strains as field inoculants was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Development and yielding of Virginia fanpetals depending on some elements of agricultural practices

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
ROMAN MOLAS ◽  
HALINA BORKOWSKA ◽  
DOMINIKA SKIBA
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Heat ◽  
Seedling Root ◽  
Light Soil ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
And Control

In the years 2016–2018, two field experiments with species Sida hermaphrodita L. Rusby named Virginia fanpetals (syn. Virginia mallow) later in the manuscript as Sida, were carried out in the Świętokrzyskie province. They were located on light soil prone to drought. The experiments were established in a set of randomized blocks in triplicate. The results were statistically analyzed and significance of differences was assessed by Tukey’s test. In the first experiment, the influence of sowing dates (beginning, half, end of May) and fertilization before sowing (NPK: 20, 20, 40 kg∙ha–1 and control without fertilization) on the development of plants in the first growing year, were examined. In the second experiment, development and yielding of Sida after using three different propagation materials (seedling, root cuttings and seed sowing) in the first three years of cultivation, were compared. The test results clearly showed beneficial effect of pre-sowing fertilization compared to the control (without fertilization). From three May sowing dates, in three years on average, sowing in the middle of this month turned out to be the best. On the light soil prone to drought, the best conditions for growth and yield were provided by seedling and root cuttings, the least favorable – sowing seeds. The average heat of combustion was determined as 18.515 MJ∙kg–1.

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