EFFET DU MODELAGE DES CHAMPS SUR L’HETEROGENEITE DES SOLS ET LES RENDEMENTS EN MAIS-GRAIN

Rounding of the lands in a field involves changes in the surface horizons. The thickness of Ap horizons at various sites in corn fields varied from 15 to 41 cm. In these horizons, the organic matter content that ranged between 10 and 250 t/ha influenced the real density of the particles, the bulk density of soils with similar texture, and also the shape of the water retention curves at tensions from 0 to 1.5 MPa. Maximum available water in the Ap horizons between 33.3 kPa and 1.5 MPa varied from 0.5 to 4 cm H2O. Yield differences reached 74% while the standard deviations were generally lower than 15%. Higher yields were observed at higher, intermediate and lower sites of the fields. The differences in the yield were not entirely accounted for by the variations in the chemical and physical properties of the soils.

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PERSISTENCE OF CHANGES IN SELECTED SOIL CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AFTER PIPELINE INSTALLATION IN SOLONETZIC NATIVE RANGELAND

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss87-073 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 747-763 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. A. NAETH ◽

A. W. BAILEY ◽

W. B. McGILL

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Chemical Changes ◽

Ecosystem Responses ◽

Native Prairie ◽

Natural Gas Pipelines ◽

Mixed Prairie

A study was conducted in Solonetzic mixed prairie of southern Alberta to evaluate and determine the longevity of selected ecosystem responses to pipeline installation. Five adjacent natural gas pipelines on a series of rights-of-way (ROW) were studied at three sites. The lines, which were installed in 1957, 1963, 1968, 1972 and 1981, had diameters of 86, 86, 91, 107 and 107 cm, respectively. Soils were analyzed for particle size distribution, bulk density, pH, electrical conductivity, ion composition, and organic matter content. It was concluded that pipeline construction in Solonetzic mixed prairie range-land initially tended to improve surface soil chemical and physical properties compared to blowouts, but reduced soil quality in vegetated native prairie. Surface bulk density increased to 1.3–1.6 Mg m−3 from an undisturbed density of 0.9–1.0 Mg m−3. Increased densities were evident to 55 cm in all 1981 transects except the trench where subsurface densities were reduced. Chemical changes were associated with reduced organic matter and increased salts at the surface. On the basis of differences between the various ages of pipelines (1981, youngest; 1957, oldest) there was evidence for greater amelioration of chemical changes than of physical disturbances over time. The time needed to restore half the lost organic matter was estimated to be approximately 50 y. Key words: Pipeline, Solonetzic soil, rangeland (native), soil chemistry, bulk density, reclamation

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The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

Earth System Science Data ◽

10.5194/essd-12-3189-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 3189-3204

Author(s):

Anne Hartmann ◽

Markus Weiler ◽

Theresa Blume

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Data Set ◽

Soil Chronosequence

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties, which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time, and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland: one soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of four moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, loss on ignition, and hydraulic properties in the form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves as well as the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel. Samples were taken at three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties changed considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution showed a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreased, and porosity increased during the first 10 millennia of soil development. The trend was equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content were more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increased, which was especially pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content, the hydraulic soil properties changed from fast-draining coarse-textured soils to slow-draining soils with high water-holding capacity, which was also more pronounced in the topsoil at the silicate site. The data set presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ; Hartmann et al., 2020b). The data set can be accessed via the DOI https://doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.4.4.2020.004.

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Erosion Effect on Soil Physical Properties in Selected Farmlands in Gidan Kwano, Niger State

Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.2.10 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 10-22

Author(s):

Abdulkadir Abdullahi

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Clay Content ◽

Infiltration Rate ◽

Matter Content ◽

Simple Method ◽

Cumulative Infiltration

The study was conducted to investigate if erosion is a major problem and to identify the effect of erosion on some physical properties on selected farmlands on four farms in Gidan kwano. It was done by observation, interview, and questionnaire and soil sample analysis. The infiltration rate, bulk density, porosity, organic matter content, particle size and aggregate stability were determined for all the sample location. The erosion fields results were compared with the results of the non-eroded fields. The results showed that farming was done with simple method and mechanized equipment when available and erosion was considered a major problem in all the farms. The results revealed that bulk density values ranged between 1.475gcm-3and 1.606gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate fluctuated between 29.75cm/hr and 37.48cm/hr, porosity ranged between 36.49% and 44.34%, organic matter content fluctuated between 0.29% and 0.73% and aggregate stability ranged between 58.00% and 67.60% for the erosion field. The results also revealed that bulk density fluctuated between 1.458gcm-3and 1.544gcm-3, cumulative infiltration rate ranged between 32.19 cm/hr and 40.48cm/hr, porosity fluctuated between 41.73% and 44.98%, organic matter content ranged between 0.30% and 1.09% and aggregate stability ranged between 63.97% and 68.93% for the non-eroded field. From the results, it provides evidence that the effects of erosion on the physical properties were increased bulk density, decreased infiltration rate, organic matter content, porosity, aggregate stability and percentage sand, silt and clay content. Statistical analysis proved that the results were significant (p<0.05) except for the bulk density and porosity which could be attributed to the swelling and compaction characteristics of the soils.

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PREDICTING VOLUMETRIC WATER RETENTIONS FOR SUBSOIL MATERIALS FROM COLCHESTER COUNTY, NOVA SCOTIA

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss85-026 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 233-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

G. J. BEKE ◽

M. I. MacCORMICK

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Nova Scotia ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Retention ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Clay Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Water Retention

Relationships between soil water retention and soil properties were developed for subsoil materials from Colchester County, Nova Scotia. The significant variables in the regression equation for soil water content at a suction of 33 kPa were the sand content and the product of silt content and bulk density of the soil. The variables for water retention at 1500 kPa suction were the clay content and the product of organic matter content and bulk density. The multiple correlation coefficients were 0.87 and 0.92 for suctions of 33 and 1500 kPa, respectively. The developed equations were comparable to ones derived elsewhere. Key words: Water retention, texture, organic matter, bulk density

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The impact of landscape evolution on soil physics: Evolution of soil physical and hydraulic properties along two chronosequences of proglacial moraines

10.5194/essd-2020-110 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anne Hartmann ◽

Markus Weiler ◽

Theresa Blume

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Chronosequence ◽

Top Soil

Abstract. Soil physical properties highly influence soil hydraulic properties which define the soil hydraulic behavior. Thus, changes within these properties affect water flow paths and the soil water and matter balance. Most often these soil physical properties are assumed to be constant in time and little is known about their natural evolution. Therefore, we studied the evolution of physical and hydraulic soil properties along two soil chronosequences in proglacial forefields in the Central Alps, Switzerland. One soil chronosequence developed on silicate and the other on calcareous parent material. Each soil chronosequence consisted of 4 moraines with the ages of 30, 160, 3000, and 10 000 years at the silicate forefield and 110, 160, 4900, and 13 500 years at the calcareous forefield. We investigated bulk density, porosity, the content of clay, silt, sand, and gravel as well as loss on ignition and hydraulic properties in form of retention curves and hydraulic conductivity curves. Samples were taken in three depths (10, 30, 50 cm) at six sampling sites at each moraine. Soil physical and hydraulic properties change considerably over the chronosequence. Particle size distribution shows a pronounced reduction in sand content and an increase in silt and clay content over time at both sites. Bulk density decreases and porosity increases during the first 10 millenia of soil development. The trend is equally present at both parent materials, but the reduction in sand and increase in silt content was more pronounced at the calcareous site. The organic matter content increases, which is especially pronounced in the top soil at the silicate site. With the change in physical soil properties and organic matter content the hydraulic soil properties change from fast draining coarse textured soils to slow draining soils with high water holding capacity, which is also more pronounced in the top soil at the silicate site. The dataset presented in this paper is available at the online repository of the German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ, Hartmann et al. (2020b)). The dataset can be accessed via the link: http://pmd.gfz-potsdam.de/panmetaworks/review/f46bd4d822a0766a9c0baf356bc7e55644d65d62d7ab71527f5d80c35eed11e5 and will be published with the DOI specified under the link.

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Comparison of wheat and safflower cultivation areas in terms of total carbon and some soil properties under semi-arid climate conditions

Solid Earth Discussions ◽

10.5194/sed-7-1007-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1007-1024

Author(s):

B. Turgut

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Physical Properties ◽

Matter Content ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Arid Climate ◽

Soil Layers ◽

Semi Arid

Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare the soils of the wheat cultivation area (WCA) and the safflower cultivation area (SCA) within semi-arid climate zones in terms of their total carbon, nitrogen, sulphur contents, particle size distribution, aggregate stability, organic matter content, and pH values. This study presents the results from the analyses of 140 soil samples taken at two soil layers (0–10 and 10–20 cm) in the cultivation areas. At the end of the study, it has been established that there were significant differences between the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties such as total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulphur (TS) contents and pH, while only the TN content resulted in significantly different between the two soil layers. Moreover significant differences were identified in the cultivation areas in terms of soil physical properties including clay and sand contents, aggregate stability and organic matter content, whereas the only significant difference found among the soil layers was that of their silt content. Since safflower contains higher amounts of biomass than wheat, we found higher amounts of organic matter content and, therefore, higher amounts of TN and TS content in the soils of the SCA. In addition, due to the fact that wheat contains more cellulose – which takes longer to decompose – the TC content of the soil in the WCA were found to be higher than that of the SCA. The results also revealed that the WCA had a higher carbon storage capacity.

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Bulk Density, Aggregate Stability, and Organic Matter Content as Influenced by Two Wheatland Soil Management Practices

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1970.03615995003400020033x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 302-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Tanchandrphongs ◽

J. M. Davidson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Management Practices ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Soil Management ◽

Matter Content

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Influence of soil texture and organic matter content on bulk density, air content, compression index and crop yield in field and laboratory compression experiments

Soil and Tillage Research ◽

10.1016/s0167-1987(98)00164-0 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 49 (1-2) ◽

pp. 159-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Johan Arvidsson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Compression Index ◽

Air Content

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COMPACTION AND SETTLING OF QUEBEC SOILS IN RELATION TO THEIR SOIL-WATER PROPERTIES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss82-018 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 165-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

C. R. DE KIMPE ◽

M. BERNIER-CARDOU ◽

P. JOLICOEUR

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Retention ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Behavior ◽

Matric Potential ◽

Moisture Contents ◽

Water Retention Properties ◽

Soil Water Properties

Twenty-one topsoils, with texture varying from sandy loam to clay and organic matter content ranging from 1.6 to 11.9%, were submitted to compaction and settling at different moisture contents where dry bulk density was determined. Under compaction, the density curve went through a maximum while a minimum was observed in the case of settling. Optimum moisture contents corresponding to these two characteristic densities were almost the same. The most important physical properties affecting soil behavior under compaction and settling were found to be water retention properties at low matric potential which themselves depended primarily on organic matter content. Samples submitted to compaction had saturated hydraulic conductivities less than 1 cm/h, while after settling, Ksat measurements ranged from 0.8 to 234 cm/h. Organic matter played an important role in reducing the effects of compaction, and moisture content alone was not sufficient to predict the best conditions for workability in the fields.

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