Degradation of savanna soils and reduction of water available for the vegetation: the case of northern Cameroon Vertisols

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Seiny-Boukar ◽  
C. Floret ◽  
R. Pontanier
Keyword(s):  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Northern Cameroon ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Savanna Soils ◽  
Fire Wood

The purpose of this study was to characterize and quantify the degradation of Vertisols of savannas in Northern Cameroon. The work was carried out in a region with mean annual rainfall of 800 mm. It is a climate with 9 months theoretical drought and one raining season. The area is heavily populated and farmers use fallow to rejuvenate the soil. The post-cultural savannas (fallows) are subjected to fire, intensive grazing and cutting of fire wood. Three soil types at different stages of degradation were subjected to a study of their soil moisture regime including quantification of runoff during a three-year period. Physico-chemical characteristics are discussed, as well as variations in water reserves as a function of stages of degradation. Maximum wetting front varied from 30 to 80 cm. The most degraded soil lacked plant available moisture for 10 months as compared to 5 months for the least degraded. A model is presented of the dynamic relationships that may exist among the stages of degradation of these Vertisols. Key words: Savanna, Vertisol, water regime, degradation, soil dynamics

scholarly journals Characterization, classification and evaluation of major soils in Sollapura sub-watershed of Chikmagalur district in Karnataka for sustainable crop production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Venkatesan ◽  
K. Dhanasekararan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Constraints ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Land Use Plan ◽  
Semi Arid

The morphological, physical and physico-chemical characteristics of soils in Sollapura sub-watershed of Chikmagalur district in Karnataka have been studied. The district comprises of 7 taluks of which Tarikere comes under southern transition zone. Tarikere talu have wide range of climate variation from perhumid to semi-arid. The study revealed that the soils had colours in the hue of 10YR to 5 YR, well to poorly drained, slightly acidic to moderately alkaline, low to high in organic carbon and low to medium in cation exchange capacity with wide textural variations. The soils on gently sloping topography exhibit the development of argillic horizon (Bt). The soils have been classified as Alfisols soil order and Ustalfs at sub-order level due to the presence of ustic soil moisture regime. On the basis of the major soil constraints, sustainable land use plan for the micro-watershed has also been suggested for their better management.

scholarly journals Land-site suitability evaluation for tea, cardamom and rubber using Geo-spatial technology in Wayanad district, Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1440-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Gahlod ◽  
Sonam Binjola ◽  
Ravi Ravi ◽  
V. S. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Land Utilization ◽  
Site Suitability ◽  
Land Site ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Plantation Crops

Kerala is one of the important states contributing to the production of plantation crops and spices in the country. Soil and Land evaluation in various land utilization types has been carried out to assess the land suitability for tea, cardamom and rubber in Wayanad district of Kerala. Different soil physico-chemical parameters like, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon and physical attributes database of soil mapping units developed in inventorying of soil resources at 1:50K scale using LISS-III satellite data on soil series and its association used to evaluate soil site suitability for tea, cardamom and rubber. The results indicated that for tea around 55.79% area is suitable for cultivation of which 14.62 %, 25.51 % and 15.66 % found highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3), respectively. About 26.92 % and 12.10 % found moderately suitable (S2) and marginally suitable (S3) for cardamom and about 32.48 % area marginally suitable (S3) for rubber. The area unsuitable for cultivation (N) of tea, cardamom and rubber were found to be 11.69 %, 28.46 % and 34.99 %, respectively, due to constraints like relief, topography, soil physico-chemical attributes such as base saturation, pH and soil moisture regime etc. The study proposed an integrated methodology for mapping and assessing suitability of land using remote sensing and GIS techniques.

The role of rare rainstorms in the formation of calcic soil horizons on alluvial surfaces in extreme deserts

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rivka Amit ◽  
Yehouda Enzel ◽  
Tamir Grodek ◽  
Onn Crouvi ◽  
Naomi Porat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Rainfall Amount ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Storm Duration

AbstractSoils in similar geomorphic settings in hyperarid deserts (< 50 mm yr−1) should have similar characteristics because a negative moisture balance controls their development. However, Reg soils in the hyperarid southern Negev and Namib deserts are distinctly different. Soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces with only direct input of rainfall and dust depend heavily on rainfall characteristics. Annual rainfall amount can be similar (15–30 mm), but storm duration can drastically alter Reg soil properties in deserts. The cooler fall/winter and dry hot summers of the southern Negev Desert with a predominance brief (≤ 1 day) rainstorms result in gypsic-saline soils without any calcic soil horizon. Although the Namib Desert receives only 50–60% of the southern Negev annual rainfall, its rainstorm duration is commonly 2–4 days. This improves leaching of the top soil under even lower annual rainfall amount and results in weeks-long grass cover. The long-term cumulative effect of these rare rain-grass relationships produces a calcic-gypsic-saline soil. The development of these different kinds of desert soils highlights the importance of daily to seasonal rainfall characteristics in influencing soil-moisture regime in deserts, and has important implications for the use of key desert soil properties as proxies in paleoclimatology.

scholarly journals Estimation of Soil Moisture Regime Based on Analysis of Rainfall, Air Temperature, and Landform - Soil (Case Study on River Regional Unit (SWS) Pemali - Comal)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junun Sartohadi ◽  
Junita Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Landform Unit

The objectives of this research were 1) to determine soil moisture regime based on rainfall and temperature data; 2) to make a correction of the first objective based on soil moisture surplus and deficit calulation; 3) to study the pattern of soil moisture regime distribution in the research area. The field sampling tehniques applied in this research was stratified proposed sampling. Landform unit was applied as strata. Soil depth and texture were considered during field soil sampling within the landform unit. Rainfall and air temperature data were analyzed using Newball Simulation Model (NSM) to determine a tentative soil moisture regime. The tentative soil moisture regime was corrected using calculation soil moisture regime of soil moisture surplus and deficit. The soil moisture surplus and deficit was calculated based on soil depth, soil texture, rainfall, and temperature data. The result of this research were 1) soil moisture regime estimated using NSM ranged from ustic to udic; 2) soil moisture regime corrected using surplus and/ or defiit alulation of soil moisture ranged from xeric to udic; 3) the pattern of soil moisture regime distribution in the reaserch area was not only controlled by the pattern of rainfall – air temperature distribution but it was also controlled by the pattern of soil – landform distribution. Under the some amount of annual rainfall, shallow and coarse texture soils have drier soil moisture regime than deep and fine texture soils.

Soil Moisture Regime Changes in Tephra-Mulched Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tejedor ◽  
C. C. Jiménez ◽  
F. Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime

The soil moisture regime under native grassland

Geoderma ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.De Jong ◽  
K.B. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Native Grassland

scholarly journals Yield and water productivity of mustard under sprinkler and basin irrigation systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149
Author(s):  
AJ Mila ◽  
AR Akanda ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
PK Sarkar ◽  
S Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Net Revenue ◽  
Basin Irrigation ◽  
Water Scarce

Field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years (2011-12 and 2012-13) to investigate the yield and water productivity (WP) of mustard (BARI Sarisha-14 variety) using sprinkler irrigation. There were six irrigation treatments (sprinkler irrigation at vegetative (T1), pre-flowering (T2) and pod formation (T3) stage, sprinkler irrigation at vegetative and pod formation stage (T4), sprinkler irrigation at pre-flowering and pod formation stage (T5); and basin irrigation at vegetative, pre-flowering, and pod formation stage (T6) (farmer’s practice). Results indicate that yield and yield components responded positively against different soil moisture regime. The significant highest yield (1.41 and 1.37 t/ha) was obtained by applying basin irrigation at three growth stages, with no statistical difference in yield (1.38 and 1.34 t/ha) with the application of sprinkler irrigation at vegetative and pod formation stages. Vegetative stage was the most critical stage to sprinkler irrigation and pod formation is the next most sensitive stage for mustard cultivation. Sprinkler irrigation can save more than 65 and 35 % of water with the yield reduction of 12.96 and 2.16%, respectively, in treatment T1 and T4 compared to treatment T6. These treatments (T1 and T4) also gave higher water productivity, irrigation water productivity, and net revenue than treatment T6. The results will be helpful for policy planning regarding efficient irrigation and water management under water scarce situation.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 28(2): 137-149, Dec-2015

scholarly journals The influence of the Danube-Odra-Elbe water canal project on the geobiocoenoses of floodplain forests (Czech Republic)

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Ivo Machar
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Floodplain Forests ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Moisture Regime ◽  
Water Canal ◽  
Gis Methods

This arcticle deals with influence of the proposed Danube-Odra-Elbe (DOL) water canal on the floodplain forests in the Czech Republic. The project of the DOL water canal is evaluated with using GIS methods and reference assessment of environmental effects. Biogeographic differentiation of the landscape in a biogeocenological concept have been also utilized in this paper. The presented paper has shown the possibilities of use of the GIS analysis for the assessment of the assumed effect of the DOL project on the hydrological regime of floodplain forests. It has been proven that this method is much more efficient in objectivizing the presupposed influences of the DOL canal on the water regime of floodplain forests than the previous assessments. The method employed in this paper for the purposes of the preliminary percentage quantification of the extent of the hydrological in­fluen­ce on individual types of geobiocoenoses of floodplain forests is used generally for the purposes of the environmental assessment of effects on investment plans concerning the landscape (the so-called EIA). It is clear that the assessment of the influences of the DOL project on floodplain forest geobiocoenoses primarily concerns the response of vegetation to changes in the soil moisture regime, which can be compared to the amount of data material (for a summary see PRAX et al., 2008). Results indicate that the potential construction of the DOL canal would significantly, i.e. with an influence value exceeding 50 %, affect 634 km2 of the area of inundations in lowland floodplains in the Czech Republic. Results are discussed in the frame of knowledge about water regime of floodplain forests ecosystems.

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