Mapping Soil Productivity Index on Plantation Land in ATP Jatikerto, Kromengan District, Malang Regency

It is feared that the decline in productivity of plantation crops in Malang Regency, so it is necessary to analyze the soil productivity index at ATP Jatikerto as one of the locations for producing plantation plants. This soil productivity index assessment was presented in the form of a map to make it easier to see the distribution pattern of soil productivity in ATP Jatikerto. The results of the calculation of the productivity index showed that the land potential varied from land with poor to sufficient criteria, namely maize land with an IP (Productivity Index) of 43.27, which is included in the bad IP criteria. In coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, papaya, and citrus fields, they are categorized as moderate with IPs of 50.14, respectively; 45.82; 39.45; 52.26; and 45.82. Actions that can be taken to overcome the problem of decreasing productivity are to carry out regular fertilization, both organic and inorganic, to keep nutrients available for cultivated plants, as well as adding organic matter using litter which not only serves to add nutrients but can also be used as organic mulch to prevent raindrops from falling directly to the ground so that the loss of topsoil can be minimized and increase the population of soil microorganisms. In addition, it can also use bagasse, blotong or manure which can improve the physical condition of the soil by reducing soil density and increasing macropores for better root growth, and ultimately increasing sugarcane yield.

​Harmful Effect of the Invasive Weed Mikania micrantha with Special Reference to India: A Review

Mikania micrantha is an economically damaging invasive weed, which is widely naturalized in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This weed has reported yield losses in various cash crops and plantation crops in South East Asia including India. M. micrantha was found to change the soil microbial communities (bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes) as well as the soil chemical properties. It enhances a significant increase in aerobic bacteria but decreases in anaerobic bacteria due to which infested soil were free from other weeds. Similarly, in soil chemical characteristics significant increases in pH, total N and P were observed and a decrease in soil organic matter where M. micrantha is prevalent. It has allelopathic properties which affect neighbouring crops, weeds, insects and pathogens. This weed produces allelochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes) that may be released by volatilization and decomposition of plant debris. It was also found that the aqueous leaf extract of invasive weed M. micrantha inhibited seed germination and seedling growth of various cereals, vegetables, and other plants. A similar result was found in test crops but there was no affected case found in the greenhouse experiment. This review will help the researchers and scientists in understanding the harmful effect of this invasive weed.

PENANGGULANGAN KEMISKINAN DI SEKTOR PERTANIAN: KASUS PADA PROGRAM BEKERJA

<p class="A04-abstrak3"><span lang="EN-US">In order to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector, the Ministry of Agriculture implements the BEKERJA program, which is an effort to empower poor farmers in farming multi-commodities, including laying hens, vegetables, fruit and plantation crops. The objective of this study is to understand the role of the program on increasing farmers' income and reducing poverty. This research was conducted in 11 provinces covering 38 districts which were the location of the BEKERJA program in 2018 and 2019. The data used were primary data collected through in-depth interviews of farmers participating in the program. The results of quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis concluded that the program was quite successful in enhancing agricultural business activities among poor farmers, but it had not been able to increase farmers' income significantly. The number of poor farmers participating in the program only decreased by 1.48%. There are many challenges faced in empowering poor farmers, and therefore a strong commitment is needed to reduce poverty in the agricultural sector. To increase the effectiveness of these poverty reduction efforts, the empowerment of poor farmers in the future should be carried out as the following: (1) commodities developed are focused on the laying hens and vegetables farming, (2) farmers empowerment and provision of agricultural facilities should be continued at least until the farming activities is financially profitable, (3) technical guidance for cultivation should be strengthen, (4) beneficiaries of the program should be prioritized to young farmers, and (5) development a special program that is focussed for the poor farmers.</span></p>

Weather extremes and plantation crops in the humid tropics

Monsoon rainfall across the State of Kerala was declining since last 60 years (cyclic trend of 40-60 years is also noticed with annual/monsoon rainfall) while rise in temperature is evident. Of course, rate of increase in temperature was alarming across the High ranges (where cardamom, coffee and tea are grown) due to deforestation. It is also true to some extent along the Coast (low land) due to increase in sea surface air temperature. The decade 1981-90 was the driest and warmest decade. The year 1987 was the warmest year across Kerala. The State as a whole was moving from wetness to dryness within the Humid Climate ((B4-B3 as per the Thornthwaite’s climate classification). Among weather extremes, summer drought, monsoon flood, strong wind (blows in Palghat Gap from November to February, other than cyclonic wind across the State), hailstorms, unusual rains, landslides and warming may adversely affect plantation crops’ production and its quality. Heat wave and cold waves are not relevant with reference to plantation crops under the Humid Tropics. The effect of summer drought on coconut yield was noticed in 1983, 2004 and 2013. In the case of coffee, it appears that crop matures early in recent years due to increase in temperature and climate change. The quality of coffee and black pepper, nut size in coconut and cashew are also influenced due to global warming and climate change. In the case of black pepper, the mortality rate is high in young pepper vines due to prolonged summer drought as noticed in summer 1983, 2004 and 2013. Mixed cropping/integrated farming is suggested to sustain crop income against adverse weather on long run under projected climate change scenario.

The impact of agricultural extension on productivity of smallholder sugarcane farmers in East Java

Agricultural extension is one of the most important factors to increase smallholder sugarcane farmer capacity and encourage the acceleration of technology adoption which positively correlates with farm productivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of agricultural extension on the productivity of smallholder sugarcane farmers in East Java. While few previous studies showing the relationships, very limited involving a relatively large number of samples. This study used data from Indonesian Plantation Farm Household Survey 2014 by the Indonesian Statistical Agency (BPS). The number of samples was 2,893 farmers consisting of 2,463 farmers who did not participate (control group) and 430 farmers who participated in agricultural extension (treatment group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to evaluate the impact of agricultural extension on the productivity of sugarcane farming. Typically, the treatment group is better than the control group. The treatment group has an average education of 7.89 years, land area of 2.74 hectares and sugarcane productivity of 72 tons/ha. Meanwhile, the control group has an average education of 5.96 years, land area of 0.88 hectares and sugarcane productivity of 61 tons/ha. Our results show that farmers who participated in agricultural extension have a 9.05 tons higher productivity compared to those who did not participate. Therefore, farmers’ participation in agricultural extension should be encouraged by improving the frequency as well as the quality of agricultural extension. While the number of extension workers for plantation crops is limited, recruitment of more extension workers can be an optional policy for the government.

ICOR Analysis of Gorontalo Province

Investment plays an important role as one of the regional economic drivers. Likewise, a various development success is determined by the quality of planning and accurate data. In general, the development planning is highly specified by an ability to provide financing sources scenario where one of which is investment as it is impactful in increasing economic growth rate and community welfare level intended.This research aims at determining ICOR value and investment needs estimate in Gorontalo Province and at determining sectors with a higher or lower capital productivity in Gorontalo Province. The research employs ICOR analysis to measure certain amount as a comparison between growth of capital (investment) with production. Through these indicators, the economic development planners can determine investments needed to increase the economy in compliance with the predetermined target. The research findings reveal that: 1) ICOR value from 2018 to 2020 is 0.29 on average and it is impacted by annual capital change (∆K) and output change (∆Y), 2) food industry sector in Gorontalo Province indicates a sufficiently low value of ICOR, and it is good due to the economic runs efficiently. Meanwhile, the chemistry and pharmacy industry sector shows massive capital productivity where a higher value of ICOR indicates capital-intensive technology use. Also, an ICOR-based sectoral investment projection signifies that the researchers set top three of future leading sectors in 2025 for investment projection in Gorontalo. They are food and plantation crops; trade and repair; and construction, 3) a stay-at-home policy urged by the government during the covid-19 pandemic has led to a significant change in community’s consumption style for basic needs such as water, electricity, gas, food, and medication.

Biodiesel Production from a Mixture of Rubber Seed Oil and Waste Oil Through the Alcoholysis Process with Catalysts Based on Vegetable Waste

The increasing types of people needs along with the times have resulted in the need for energy increasing so that the supply of energy, especially energy that cannot be renewed (unrenewable energy) is decreasing. Currently, almost 80% of the world's energy needs are met by fossil fuels. In fact, the use of fossil fuels can cause global warming. To reduce dependence on fossil fuels as an energy source, it is necessary to search for energy sources that can be used as alternative fuels that are environmentally friendly. Indonesia is an agricultural country that is overgrown with plantation crops that produce various kinds of waste such as rubber seeds which contain oil. This plant produces a lot of wasted seeds that are not useful. Therefore, researchers want to research the oil from rubber seeds to be a biodiesel product and in order to get high quality results. This study regulates several independent variables, namely the alcoholysis temperatures: 650C, 700C and 750C and the alcohol volume: 200 ml, 250 ml and 300 ml. The process is carried out by extraction using the alkolysis method. The best yield yielded 60.5%, with the best yield of biodiesel from alcoholysis obtained at a volume of 250 ml of ethanol and a temperature of 75oC with a density of 09 kg/m3 and a viscosity of 3,285 mm2/s (cSt), fulfilling the requirements of SNI 7182:2015. Based on the results of GC analysis, the main fatty acid components in the sample were at peak 1, namely saturated fatty acids in the form of palmitic acid at 44,28% and peak 4, namely unsaturated fatty acids in the form of oleic acid at 31.99%.

Formation and Efficient Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function

Technological change and efficiency improvement are important sources of productivity growth in any economy. The concept of technical efficiency (TE) is based on input and output relationships. Technical inefficiency arises when actual or observed output from a given input mix is less than a possible mix. The analysis of technical efficiency involves the assessment of the degree to which the production technologies are utilized. The present investigation on “Formation and efficient estimation of stochastic frontier production functions” was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during 2010 -13. To assess the present economics of pepper cultivation, to formulate a new stochastic frontier production function and to compare different stochastic frontier production functions. The secondary data on the area of holdings, number of vines, yield, expenses for machinery, labour, manure, and other expenses for the cultivation of the major spice pepper collected from the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara were used for the analysis. For the stochastic frontier production model to be realistic, an exact measurement of the cost of the inputs and the realized output is extremely necessary. Very few farmers keep records of the expenditure incurred on the various inputs and rarely the output realized. Vegetable crops have a short duration. So the farmer will be in a position to give realistic figures regarding the various inputs as also the outputs. As regards plantation crops, there will be a lag right from the establishment of the crop to the steady bearing stage. Therefore, it will be very difficult to trace back the exact cost, as no records would be available about the costs incurred. Therefore, a rapid estimation survey is the only feasibility wherein simultaneous estimation of the costs involved from the nursery through the various stages of growth can be observed. Since a farmer who is already having a steady-bearing crop would have incurred lesser costs through the previous stages of growth of the crop, it is most feasible to use the concept of present worth to arrive at the exact costs of previous stages of the crop. The stochastic frontier analysis was done using the present value (PV) and the present cost.

Analisis kandungan vitamin c pada kandungan buah enau ( a. pinnata ) di desa nekmese

ABSTRACTPalm trees (Arenga pinnata (wurmb.) Merr.) Are plantation crops that have the potential to be cultivated in the future, because they have high economic value and are prospective for commercial development given the diverse uses. Enau is a plant that was developed from generation to generation on Timor Island. Communities in the village of Nekmese still manage traditional palm trees. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is one of the vitamins made from hexose derivatives which is water soluble and easily oxidized. The purpose of this study was to determine the vitamin C content of palm meat (A. pinnata). This research was conducted in May 2019 at the TPH Laboratory of the State Polytechnic of Kupang. Determination of vitamin C content in the sample is determined by titration using a solution of iodine. From the results of the study showed that the content of vitamin C in the flesh of the most palm fruit is found at a temperature of 5 ° C and 10 ° C while the content of vitamin C which is the least amount is at a temperature of 15 ° C.Keywords: palm plant and vitamin C

PLANNING STRATEGY DEVELOMPENT SUPERIOR PLANTATION OF AGRIBUSINESS PLANTS IN SUKOHARJO DISTRIC

The plantation sector is an agricultural sub-sector that has the potential to be developed in Sukoharjo Regency, therefore it is necessary to study potential plantation crops for priority development. The aim of this research is to formulate a development strategy for agribisation of estate crops.Analysis of the data used is Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats (SWOT) and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Sugarcane plantation is a priority crop to be developed in Sukoharjo Regency and the chosen strategy is market penetration. This strategy is to do with upgrading activities of farmers in the development of sugarcane commodities through seeding, production, institutions, capital, human resources, appropriate technology.