Effects of Dry and Liquid Pellet Binder Inclusion and Conditioning Temperature on Pellet Mill Efficiency and Pellet Quality of a High-Fiber Ruminant Ration

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of conditioning temperature on pellet durability index (PDI) and pellet hardness. A nursery pig diet was formulated to contain 25% spray-dried whey. Treatments consisted of three different conditioning temperatures: 54, 63, and 71°C. Diets were steam conditioned (245 mm × 1397 mm Wenger twin staff pre-conditioner, Model 150) for approximately 30 sec and pelleted using a 1-ton 30-horsepower pellet mill (1012-2 HD Master Model, California Pellet Mill) with a 4.8 mm × 31.8 mm pellet die (L:D 6.7). The production rate was set at 900 kg/h. Treatments were pelleted at 3 separate time points to provide 3 replicates per treatment. Samples were collected directly after discharging from the pellet mill and cooled in an experimental counterflow cooler. Samples were analyzed for PDI using the Holmen NHP 100 for 60 sec (TekPro Ltd, Norfolk, UK). Pellet hardness was determined by evaluating the peak amount of force applied before the first signs of fracture. Although conditioning temperature was increased in a linear fashion, a quadratic increase (P < 0.002) in hot pellet temperature (HPT) was observed. The HPT were 68, 72, and 74°C for diets conditioned to 54, 63 and 71°C, respectively. Increasing conditioning temperature resulted in increased (linear, P < 0.045) PDI and pellet hardness. As conditioning temperature increased from 54, to 71°C PDI increased from 87% to 92% and the force required to crush pellets increased from 13.5 to 15.9 kg. There was a tendency for a correlation (P < 0.076, r = 0.618, r2 = 0.382) between pellet hardness and PDI. Overall, increasing the conditioning temperature increased pellet hardness and pellet durability.

Download Full-text

Dietary Modifications in Fissure-in-ano: A Qualitative Study Based on Persian Medicine

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401314666180924123007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 860-865

Author(s):

Sedigheh Tavakoli-Dastjerdi ◽

Mandana Tavakkoli-Kakhki ◽

Ali R. Derakhshan ◽

Azam Teimouri ◽

Malihe Motavasselian

Keyword(s):

Modern Medicine ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Future Research ◽

Common Disease ◽

Fissure In Ano ◽

High Fiber ◽

Baked Goods ◽

Persian Medicine

Background: Anal fissure (AF) is a common disease associated with severe pain and reduced quality of life. Factors related to lifestyle, including diet and bowel habits, play a pivotal role in its pathogenesis. Most of the chronic fissures are not responsive to drugs and more likely to recur. Given the significance of diet in Persian medicine (PM), investigation on physiopathology and appropriate foods can be useful for decreases in AF symptoms and consequences. Objective: This study was intended to evaluate the role of diet in the formation and progression of AF from the perspective of PM. Methods: In this study, the most important resources of PM dating back to thousands of years were reviewed. All these textbooks contained a section on AF, its causes, and treatment. Further analysis was performed on these resources in comparison with databank and resources of modern medicine to develop a food-based strategy for AF management. Results: From the view of PM, the warmth and dryness of anus temperament accounted for AF. Both Persian and modern medicine identified constipation as another cause for AF. Therefore, avoidance from some foods and commercial baked goods was recommended. Both Persian and modern medicine forbad the following foods: potato, cabbage, cauliflower, pasta, beef, fish, and so forth. High fiber and oligo-antigen diets with some limitations have garnered more attention. Conclusion: An integrative approach is recommended employing both Persian and modern medicine for AF. There have been some evidence in this regard, however standardized clinical trials are required for future research.

Download Full-text

P063 A COMPREHENSIVE, MULTIOMIC DIET INTERVENTION STUDY COMPARING A LOW FAT, HIGH FIBER DIET TO AN IDEALIZED STANDARD AMERICAN DIET IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS PATIENTS

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/zaa010.020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S8-S9

Author(s):

Julia Fritsch ◽

Alejandra Quintero ◽

Judith Pignac-Kobinger ◽

Luis Garces ◽

Ana Santander ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Low Fat ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

Omega 6 ◽

High Fiber Diet

Abstract Background and Aims There is a lack of evidence-based dietary interventions in ulcerative colitis (UC) management. A diet high in fat and animal meat has been linked to an increased risk of UC. The aim of our study was to use a multilayered, multi-omic approach to comprehensively characterize the effect of a low fat, high fiber diet or a high fat diet in UC patients. Methods We enrolled patients with UC who were in remission or had mild disease with a flare within the last 18 months. We used a cross-over design in which patients received two dietary interventions: a low fat diet (LFD), containing 10% total calories from fat with an omega 6 to 3 ratio of below 3:1, and an idealized standard American diet (SAD), containing 35–40% total calories from fat with an omega 6 to 3 ratio of 20–30:1. Each diet was four weeks long with a two-week wash-out in between. The diet was catered and delivered to patients’ homes. Clinical symptoms, quality of life, and biochemical data were collected. Stool was collected for microbiome and metabolomic analyses. The primary endpoint was to determine adherence to a specified diet using catered meals; the secondary endpoint was to determine the clinical and subclinical effects of a low fat, high fiber diet or high fat diet in UC. Results Baseline diets varied widely but were generally lower in fiber as well as fruits and vegetables and higher in saturated fat than either of the study diets. There was a high rate of adherence to catered meals (SAD=86.68%, LFD=84.8%) with a 96.8% and 94.33% adherence to fat for SAD and LFD respectively. Patients that started in remission remained in remission (partial Mayo and sIBDQ). Following a LFD, patients saw a 20% improvement in their quality of life as measured by sIBDQ compared to their baseline. The effect of diet intervention on microbial diversity was reflected in the beta diversity with a significant increase in Faecalibacterium prausnitzii after LFD. CRP, sIBDQ, IL-6, and IL1β had a significant effect on overall gut microbiota composition as measured by Bray Curtis beta diversity (PERMANOVA)(P<0.007, P<0.001, P<0.021, P<0.048 respectively). The top taxa that contributes the most to this microbial variation from these clinical parameters was Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Patients following a SAD had an increase in lauric acid, myristic acid, and N-oleoyl-L-phenylalanine with an increase in omega-6 metabolism pathways. Patients following a LFD had higher glycine, alanine, and phenyllactic acid with omega 3 metabolism pathways increased after LFD. Conclusions A low fat, high fiber diet is well tolerated and did not increase biochemical markers of inflammation. Catered meals and collection of microbiome, metabolome and biochemical data may allow early stratification of diet responders.

Download Full-text

Development of high-fiber and sugar-free frozen pancakes: Influence of state and phase transitions on the instrumental textural quality of pancakes during storage

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111454 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111454

Author(s):

Pavitra K. Kumar ◽

Ashutos Parhi ◽

Shyam S. Sablani

Keyword(s):

Phase Transitions ◽

High Fiber ◽

Textural Quality

Download Full-text

An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away: The Effect of a Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet on Quality of Life, Inflammation, and Dysbiosis in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2021.11.034 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stephanie L. Gold ◽

Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Low Fat ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

High Fiber Diet

Download Full-text

Irritable bowel syndrome – a common problem, individual approach

Medycyna Faktów ◽

10.24292/01.mf.0421.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 369-374

Author(s):

Barbara Skrzydło-Radomańska ◽

Bartosz J. Sapilak

Keyword(s):

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Recurrent Abdominal Pain ◽

Frequency Change ◽

High Fiber ◽

Fiber Diet ◽

Bowel Movements ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Effective Drugs

Irritable bowel syndrome is a recurrent abdominal pain that occurs at least once a week for 3 months, with symptoms at least 6 months associated with at least two features: bowel movements, change in bowel frequency, change in the appearance of stools. According to the Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria, the disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms. This does not apply to people over 50 years of age (and in the case of first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer after 45 years of age) and patients with alarm symptoms. Due to the lack of a single etiological factor, the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome consists in reducing symptoms and improving the patient’s quality of life. Non-pharmacological treatment includes a high-fiber diet and modification of the microbiota. The most effective drugs are antispasmodics directly affecting the smooth muscle, inhibiting the influx of calcium, i.e. drotaverine, mebeverine and alverine. There has been proven effectiveness of antidepressants. This confirms that functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are a manifestation of the dysfunction of the brain–gut–microbiota axis.

Download Full-text

Effect of Steam Explosion Pretreatment on Size Reduction and Pellet Quality of Woody and Agricultural Biomass

Innovative Solutions in Fluid-Particle Systems and Renewable Energy Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8711-0.ch002 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 27-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pak Sui Lam ◽

Pak Yiu Lam ◽

Shahab Sokhansanj ◽

Xiaotao T. Bi ◽

C. Jim Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steam Explosion ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Chemical Conversion ◽

Size Reduction ◽

Pellet Quality ◽

Agricultural Biomass ◽

Steam Explosion Pretreatment ◽

Research Findings ◽

High Bulk

Steam explosion is a thermo-chemical pretreatment widely used to disrupt the ultra-structure of the cell wall of the ligno-cellulosic fiber to improve the fractionation of the major ligno-cellulosic components of the biomass for biochemical conversion. In recent years, steam explosion pretreatment has been applied on the fibers for improving the pellet quality of woody and agricultural biomass for thermo-chemical conversion. The improved qualities include high bulk density, low equilibrium moisture content, higher heating value, mechanical strength and moisture resistance. All of these desirable properties allow the steam exploded pellets to be handled and stored outdoors safely, similar to coal. This also raises lots of interests in considering pellets as preferable feedstock for the thermal power plant or bio-refinery facilities. In this chapter, the state of art of research findings on the effect of steam explosion on size reduction and pellet quality of woody and agriculture biomass will be discussed.

Download Full-text