Price Competition under Different Power Structures of Hotels and Travel Agency in Tourism Supply Chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 176-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUN Huang ◽  
KAI Wang ◽  
GEORGE Q. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

scholarly journals Research on the Sustainable Operation of Low-Carbon Tourism Supply Chain under Sudden Crisis Prediction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8228
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Deqing Ma ◽  
Jinsong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Jump Processes ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Operations ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Crisis Events ◽  
Continuous Dynamic ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

This paper integrates a low-carbon tourism supply chain consisting of a low-carbon tourist attraction (LTA) providing a low-carbon service and an online travel agency (OTA) responsible for big data marketing. Consumers may also encounter sudden crisis events that occur in the tourist attraction during their visit, and the occurrence of crisis events can damage the low-carbon goodwill of the tourist attraction to the detriment of the sustainable development of the supply chain. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate how tourism firms can develop dynamic strategies in the pre-crisis environment if they envision the occurrence of a crisis event and how crisis events affect interfirm cooperation. This paper uses stochastic jump processes to portray the dynamic evolution of low-carbon goodwill in the context of crisis events and introduces the methods of the differential game and Bellman’s continuous dynamic programming theory to study the sustainable operations of low-carbon tourism supply chains. Our findings provide important managerial insights for enterprises in the tourism supply chain and suggest that they need to not only become aware of the tourist attraction crisis events, but also, more importantly, they need to adjust their appropriate input strategies based on the degree of anticipation of the crisis.

Price competition in a tourism supply chain

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarat Kumar Jena ◽  
Deepti Jog
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Coordination Mechanisms ◽  
Cooperative Advertising ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain ◽  
Tour Operator

In recent trend, advertising is seen to significantly impact channel members’ demand, pricing and profit in tourism supply chain (TSC). Most TSC studies, to date, assumed the market demand to be influenced only by tour price under price competitive environment, not considering the effect of advertising investment. In order to address this problem, two models are established considering decentralized channels: tour operator Stackelberg (TS) and local operator Stackelberg (LS). We analytically show TS model to provide better results than LS model and advertising to strongly influence the channel members’ pricing strategies and profit. Then we generalized the solution considering multiple operators under price competition. We studied two coordination mechanisms, cooperative advertising and two-part tariff, and found the two-part tariff provides better mechanism for improving the profit in LS model compared to cooperative advertisement.

scholarly journals Game Models on Optimal Strategies in a Tourism Dual-Channel Supply Chain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yang ◽  
Jingna Ji ◽  
Kebing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Stackelberg Games ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain ◽  
Online Travel Agency

This paper explores a two-echelon tourism supply chain consisting of a hotel and an online travel agency. The upside hotel rooms can be sold through the downside hotel alliance and online travel agency. The hotel alliance, selling rooms at a lower price, is a direct sale platform with a negligible entry fee. Notwithstanding, the online travel agency sells the room at a higher price with related personalized service. Customers will be refunded partially in case of their cancellation or no-show. An integrated model and two decentralized models based on Bertrand and Stackelberg games are developed, respectively. The results show that when the wholesale price is lower than a certain value, both the hotel and the online travel agency can gain more profit from the Stackelberg game than that from the Bertrand game. In the case that the hotel allows overbooking, the optimal overbooking quantity is obtained. If the overbooking proportion is too high, overbooking is profitable for the hotel only when the overbooking cost is lower than a certain value. At the end of the study, some experiments are conducted to analyze the sensitivity of the optimal prices and profits in the light of certain parameters.

scholarly journals Investigating the Medical Tourism Supply Chain in Shiraz, Iran: A Hybrid Grounded Theory and Rough DEMATEL Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Haqbin ◽  
Payam Shojaei ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Ronaghi ◽  
Omid Fazelzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

Abstract Background: This study sought to provide a comprehensive analysis of the medical tourism supply chain (MTSC) in Shiraz, Iran, to improve the city’s potential tourism market share in the post-COVID-19 future. In doing so, the study relied on a mixed research methodology. Primarily, interviews were conducted with 12 stakeholders involved in Shiraz’s MTSC, including general policymakers, managers of private/public healthcare providers, travel agency managers, and managers of medical tourism companies. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and were then analyzed according to the systematic approach of grounded theory (GT).Results: The results helped to configure a model that analyzed Shiraz’s MTSC, which included 6 main dimensions, 17 sub-dimensions, and 48 criteria. To detect any interrelationships among the criteria, the model was further analyzed quantitatively through the rough Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method.Conclusion: Proposing a novel methodology in medical tourism research, the study could practically contribute to different stakeholders in the medical tourism industry in Shiraz.

Tourism Supply Chain Coordination through Revenue Sharing Contract

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6093-6096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Long Zhang ◽  
Yi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Supply Chain Coordination ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Travel Agency ◽  
Revenue Sharing Contract ◽  
Scenic Spot ◽  
Participation Constraint ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain

In this paper we develop revenue sharing contracts in a scenic spot –travel agency tourism supply chain. We use the Stackelberg game model to formulate the leader–follower relationship. By backward induction, we obtain equilibrium under the non-cooperative revenue sharing contract and the cooperative revenue sharing contract. Results show that the non-cooperative revenue sharing contract doesn’t meet the travel agency’s participation constraint while the cooperative revenue sharing contract can achieve coordination and Pareto improvement. Finally the Nash bargaining game suggests that scenic spot obtains a larger share of the profit growth due to its higher bargaining power.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Cooperation between the Participants in the Supply Chain in the Tourism-Related Branch of Industry in Relation to Client Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kozicka ◽  
Sebastian Kot ◽  
I Gede Riana
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
Client Satisfaction ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Statistical Relevance ◽  
Tourism Supply Chain ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

Managing a tourism supply chain is predominantly focused on managing a tourism-specific product that can be perceived as all kinds of goods and services utilized by tourists during their trips. The predominant goal of this article is to empirically identify the level of engagement of entities operating in the tourism-oriented branch of industry concerning the satisfaction of end-customers with the offered tourism-related services and products. Within the scope of this study, the statistical relevance of elements of active cooperation within a tourism-specific supply chain was analyzed. Empirical examinations covered the assessment of the cooperation within the framework of the tourism-oriented supply chain and its impact on consumer satisfaction. A research questionnaire was utilized to meet examination-specific goals. Theoretical considerations and the analysis of branches of industry in relation to the available statistical data showed that tourist-oriented supply chain covers various entities, the engagement of which may have a factual impact on the efficiency of managing the entire chain, as well as on the overall client satisfaction, improving tourism sustainability. The obtained results clearly showed that the examined entities considered the analyzed cooperation aspects to be very important with regard to the supply chain management. Said aspects included the total length of cooperation within the framework of a particular supply chain, which, according to the examined entities, directly translated into the quality of cooperation—to either significant or very significant extent, as well as making it much easier to solve certain problems that were strictly connected with the provision of tourism-oriented services. Yet another aspect of cooperation that was touched upon was the transfer of the so-called know-how between the entities engaged in a given supply chain. As proven by the examination, 70% of the surveyed entities claimed that it was of significant or very significant importance. The last analyzed aspect of cooperation were relations between the supply chain-specific partners and their impact on the satisfaction of end customers. According to over half of the sample (61.54%), decent relations between supply chain participants affected the satisfaction of end customers to a notable extent.

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