Genetic Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of Influenza Type B Viruses Isolated from Nasopharyngeal Suction Samples of Korean Patients

The immunizations that must be given to children include the Diphtheria Pertussis Tetatus-Hepatitis B-Hemophilus Influenza type B vaccine or better known as Pentabio DPT. The DTwP / HB / HiB vaccine is given to babies in 3 doses at 1 month intervals. This immunization caused a systemic reaction, one of which was a fever of 0.85% in the first 30 minutes and increased to 14.03% on the day after immunization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of shallots (Allium ascalonicum L) in reducing the body temperature of feverish children after Pentabio DPT immunization. This type of research was quasi-experimental study, with pre and post test with control group design. The sample in this study were babies who received DPT immunization as many as 20 respondents. DPT Pentabio immunization was given a dose of 0.5 ml in the intervention group and the control group. The statistical test used was the T test. The results showed that there was a significant effect of shallots on in reducing the body temperature of feverish children after Pentabio DPT immunization, with a p-value of 0.000. Keywords: shallots; body temperature; fever; Pentabio DPT immunization ABSTRAK Imunisasi yang wajib diberikan kepada anak-anak diantaranya adalah vaksin Diphtheria Pertusis Tetatus-Hepatitis B-Hemophilus Influenza type B atau lebih dikenal dengan DPT Pentabio. Vaksin DTwP/HB/HiB diberikan kepada bayi sebanyak 3 dosis dengan interval 1 bulan. Imunisasi ini menimbulkan reaksi sistemik salah satunya berupa demam 0,85% pada 30 menit pertama dan meningkat menjadi 14,03% pada satu hari pasca imunisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektifitas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L) terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh anak demam pasca imunisasi DPT Pentabio. Jenis penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan pre and post test with control group design. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah bayi yang mendapat imunisasi DPT sebanyak 20 orang responden. Pemberian imunisasi DPT PENTABIO Pentabio dosis 0,5 ml pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah Uji T. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signifikan dari bawang merah dalam menurunkan suhu tubuh anak demam pasca imunisasi DPT Pentabio, dengan p-value 0,000. Kata kunci: bawang merah; suhu tubuh; demam; imunisasi DPT Pentabio

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Whole-Genome Analysis of Coxsackievirus B3 Reflects Its Genetic Diversity in China and Worldwide

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1038176/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Yang ◽

Dongmei Yan ◽

Yang Song ◽

Shuangli Zhu ◽

Yun He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Coxsackievirus B3 ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Nucleotide Substitution Rate ◽

Whole Genome Analysis ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

Group D

Abstract Background Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) has emerged as an active pathogen in myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), and pancreatitis, and is a heavy burden on public health. However, CVB3 has not been systematically analyzed with regard to whole-genome diversity and recombination. Therefore, this study was undertaken to systematically examine the genetic characteristics of CVB3 based on its whole genome. Methods We combined CVB3 isolates from our national HFMD surveillance and global sequences retrieved from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to examine the whole genome variety and recombination forms of CVB3 in China and worldwide. Results Phylogenetic analysis showed that CVB3 strains isolated worldwide could be classified into groups A–E based on the sequence of the entire VP1 region. The predominant CVB3 strains in China belonged to group D, whereas group E CVB3 might be circulated globally compared to other groups. The average nucleotide substitution rate in the P1 region of CVB3 was 4.82 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year. Myocarditis was more common with group A. Groups C and D presented more cases of acute flaccid paralysis, and group D may be more likely to cause HFMD. Multiple recombination events were detected among CVB3 variants, and there were twenty-three recombinant lineages of CVB3 circulating worldwide. Conclusions Overall, this study provides full-length genomic sequences of CVB3 isolates with a wide geographic distribution over a long-term time scale in China, which will be helpful for understanding the evolution of this pathogen. Simultaneously, continuous surveillance of CVB3 is indispensable to determine its genetic diversity in China as well as worldwide.

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