In Vitro Antagonistic Potential of Trichoderma harzianum for Biological Control of Fusarium moniliforme Isolated from Dioscorea rotundata Tubers

Forty-two microorganisms were tested as biological control agents against Alternaria raphani and A. brassicicola. Tests were conducted for in vitro antagonistic ability, for ability to control the pathogens on naturally infected seeds germinated on moistened blotters, and in planting mix in growth chamber studies, and for their ability to reduce pod infection. The organisms tested were obtained from cruciferous seeds or were strains already identified as being effective against soil-borne Pythium species. The blotter test indicated that six organisms increased both the number of healthy seedlings and the number of seedlings produced from A. raphani infected radish seeds. An additional seven strains improved either germination or increased the number of healthy seedlings. Twenty-nine organisms increased the number of healthy cabbage seedlings from A. brassicicola infected seeds, but total germination was not modified by any treatment. Experiments in planting mix showed that five antagonists (Chaetomium globosum, two strains of Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningii, and Fusarium sp.) increased the number of healthy plants in both radish samples tested, while four additional antagonists provided a significant increase in only one of the samples tested. The five antagonists that consistently increased numbers of healthy radish seedlings also decreased pod infection by A. raphani. None were as effective as iprodrone, however. Several effective antagonists were found to be mycoparasitic against Alternaria spp. Some strains of Trichoderma previously found to be effective against Pythium spp. were also effective against Alternaria spp., indicating that these strains have a wide host range.

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Biological Control of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica by Trichoderma harzianum

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2001.91.7.687 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 687-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

E. Sharon ◽

M. Bar-Eyal ◽

I. Chet ◽

A. Herrera-Estrella ◽

O. Kleifeld ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Proteolytic Activity ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Soil Extracts ◽

Greenhouse Experiments

The fungal biocontrol agent, Trichoderma harzianum, was evaluated for its potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. In greenhouse experiments, root galling was reduced and top fresh weight increased in nematode-infected tomatoes following soil pretreatment with Trichoderma peat-bran preparations. The use of a proteinase Prb1-transformed line (P-2) that contains multiple copies of this gene improved biocontrol activity in the greenhouse experiments compared with the nontransformed wild-type strain (WT). All the Trichoderma strains showed the ability to colonize M. javanica-separated eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) in sterile in vitro assays, whereas P-2 also penetrated the egg masses. This protease-transformed line presented the same nematicidal and overall proteolytic activity as the WT in in vitro tests in which concentrated soil extracts from Trichoderma-treated soils immobilized the infective J2. However, the J2 immobilization and proteolytic activities of both P-2 and the WT were higher than those obtained with strain T-203. Characterization of the activity of all Trichoderma strains soil extracts on J2 showed that it was heat resistant and restricted to the low-molecular-weight fraction (less than 3 kDa). It is suggested that improved proteolytic activity of the antagonist may be important for the biological control of the nematodes.

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The antagonistic properties of Trichoderma spp. inhabiting woods for potential biological control of wood-damaging fungi

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2011.187 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (7) ◽

pp. 883-887 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jaejung Lee ◽

Nayoon Huh ◽

Joo Hyun Hong ◽

Beom Seok Kim ◽

Gyu-Hyeok Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Chitinase Activity ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽

Antagonistic Effects ◽

Volatile Metabolites ◽

Antagonistic Potential ◽

Trichoderma Aureoviride

Abstract The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. for biological control of wood-damaging fungi was investigated in the present paper. In vitro assays to investigate antifungal characteristics of Trichoderma spp. were conducted with various wood-damaging fungi. Exo-chitinase activity of the isolates was also measured. Three typical wood decayers and three sap-stainers served as target fungi. The antagonistic abilities of each Trichoderma species differed markedly according to the target fungus. The growth inhibition rates shown by the non-volatile metabolites against the wood decayers reached 100% for Trichoderma harzianum KUC1459. The antibiotics produced by Trichoderma dorotheae KUC5027, a recently reported species of Trichoderma, revealed strong antagonistic effects against sap-stainers. Trichoderma gamsii KUC1747 effectively inhibited the growth of all wood-damaging fungi in dual culture tests. The exo-chitinases of Trichoderma longibrachiatum KUC1540, Trichoderma aureoviride KUC1335, and T. harzianum KUC1459 showed significantly high activity.

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Evaluation in vitro du potentiel antagoniste de Trichoderma harzianum du Burkina Faso contre Magnaporthe grisea, l’agent causal de la pyriculariose du riz, isolées au Mali

International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences ◽

10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 3053-3065

Author(s):

Yaya Kone ◽

Tobdem Gaston Dabire ◽

Hamadoun Amadou ◽

Irénée Somda

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Magnaporthe Grisea ◽

Genetic Resistance ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Effective Control ◽

Variétés Résistantes ◽

Antagonistic Potential ◽

Risques Sanitaires

Magnaporthe grisea, pathogène du riz est cosmopolite et cause d’énormes dégâts au Mali. L’utilisation de variétés résistantes et de fongicides chimiques sont efficaces pour son contrôle, mais présentent des limites objectives avec le contournement des gènes de résistances par l’agent pathogène, ainsi que les risques sanitaires et environnementaux que présentent les fongicides. Avec cette information de base, cette étude s’est proposée de développer une stratégie de lutte biologique utilisant des antagonismes naturels afin de contrôler M. grisea. Dix souches de M. grisea du Mali ont été caractérisées morphologiquement et moléculairement pour confirmer leurs identité et variabilité. L’action antagoniste in vitro de 05 souches de T. harzianum a été évaluée sur ces souches pathogènes. M. grisea et T. harzianum ont ainsi été mises en confrontation directe dans des boites de Petri pendant 06 jours. Les croissances radiales du pathogène ont été évaluées et les coefficients d’antagonisme calculés. L’analyse moléculaire a indiqué que toutes les souches appartiennent à M. grisea et présentent de fortes homologies avec les souches de références du NCBI. L’analyse des séquences a indiqué trois groupes légèrement distingués. Toutes les souches de T. harzianum ont inhibé la croissance du pathogène avec des coefficients d’antagonisme compris entre 0,50 et 0,78.Mots clés: Riz, Magnaporthe grisea, In vitro, Trichoderma harzianum, antagonisme. English Title: In vitro evaluation of the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum from Burkina Faso against Magnaporthe grisea, the causative agent of rice blast disease, isolated in MaliMagnaporthe grisea, a rice pathogen, is cosmopolitan and causes enormous damage in Mali. The use of resistance cultivars and chemical fungicide are generally effective control methods. However, the durability of genetic resistance is often short-lived because of the pathogen’s ability to rapidly evolve to overcome resistance gene, and then environmental and toxicity threat of chemicals employment. With this basic information, this study proposed to develop an alternative strategy to control M. grisea with T. harzianum. M. grisea from Mali has been characterized morphologically and molecularly to confirm their identity and variability. The in vitro antagonistic action of 05 strains of T. harzianum was tested. M. grisea and T. harzianum were thus confronted with a direct confrontation in the Petri dishes during 06 days. The radial growths of the pathogen were evaluated and the coefficients of antagonism calculated. Molecular analysis with all strains corresponds to M. grisea and strong assertions with NCBI reference strains. Sequence analysis indicated three slightly distinguished groups. T. harzianum strains inhibited growth of the pathogen with antagonistic coefficients between 0.50 and 0.78.Keywords: Rice, Magnaporthe grisea, In vitro, Trichoderma harzianum, antagonism

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Control of root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) in avocado (Persea Americana) with bioagents

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/192195 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 205-211

Author(s):

Ciro Hideki Sumida ◽

Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽

Karla Braga ◽

Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽

Martin Homechin

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Root Rot ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Field Conditions ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Maize Cultivation ◽

Antagonistic Potential

ABSTRACT Despite the favorable edaphoclimatic conditions for avocado production in Brazil, diseases such as root rot caused by the pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi compromise the crop. With the aim of managing root rot in avocado, the present study aimed to evaluate chemical and biological control with isolates of Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Thus, three assays were conducted to assess: (i) mycelial inhibition of P. cinnamomi by isolates of Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens from different crop systems; (ii) effect of autoclaved and non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens, and (iii) chemical or biological treatment of avocado seedlings on the control of root rot under field conditions. The isolates of Trichoderma spp. from maize cultivation soil and the commercial products formulated with Trichoderma presented greater antagonism (p <0.05) to the pathogen P. cinnamomi in the in vitro tests. Similarly, non-autoclaved metabolites of P. fluorescens presented antagonistic potential to control P. cinnamomi. Under field conditions, the fungicide metalaxyl and the bioagents showed effectiveness in controlling P. cinnamomi, as well as greater root length and mass. Results demonstrated potential for the biological control of avocado root rot with Trichoderma spp. and P. fluorescens.

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Management of Pineapple Disease of Sugarcane through Biological Means

Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development ◽

10.3329/jard.v5i1.1462 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

MI Talukder ◽

F Begum ◽

MMK Azad

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Key Words ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Causal Organism ◽

Ceratocystis Paradoxa

Trichoderma harzianum was found an effective antagonist to Ceratocystis paradoxa, the causal organism of pineapple disease of sugarcane. It exhibited a strong antagonism against Ceratocystis paradoxa by overgrowing on it, forming lysed zone and inhibiting its growth. In the present investigation Trichoderma harzianum was found as effective as fungicide (Bavistin 50WP- Carbendazim 50WP) in controlling Ceratocystis paradoxa both in in vitro and in vivo condition. Ceratocystis paradoxa failed to grow on Trichoderma harzianum and Bavistin 50WP treated PDA plates. Trichoderma harzianum and Bavistin treated sugarcane setts showed significantly higher germination (20.34 to 26.17% higher) over control. Trichoderma harzianum and Bavistin treated sugarcane setts showed respectively 40.72 and 62.69% higher yield of cane compared to control. Hence Trichoderma harzianum may be used as bio agent and alternative to Bavistin 50WP (a standard sett treating fungicide of sugarcane) in controlling pineapple disease of sugarcane. Key words: Sugarcane, pineapple disease, biological control. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1462 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 79-83, June 2007

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Phaeotheca dimorphospora increases Trichoderma harzianum density in soil and suppresses red pine damping-off caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b95-074 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (5) ◽

pp. 693-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Yang ◽

L. Bernier ◽

M. Dessureault

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Pinus Resinosa ◽

Red Pine ◽

Damping Off ◽

Fungal Antagonist ◽

Petri Dishes

A fungal antagonist, Phaeotheca dimorphospora, was tested for its ability to control damping-off of red pine (Pinus resinosa) caused by Cylindrocladium scoparium. In vitro, the germination of seeds coated with P. dimorphospora microconidia was significantly increased by 10% compared with uncoated seeds. In experiments carried out in Petri dishes, addition of P. dimorphospora into soil significantly reduced the population of C. scoparium and disease incidence. In the greenhouse, application of P. dimorphospora into the top layer of soil reduced pre- and post-emergence damping-off by 79.5%. Under greenhouse conditions, P. dimorphospora stimulated the population of Trichoderma harzianum, a well-known antagonist of soil-borne plant pathogens. In soil treated with P. dimorphospora, the number of propagules of T. harzianum was 100–500 times higher than in the untreated control, whereas the population of C. scoparium decreased rapidly and was not detectable 1 month after sowing. Key words: Phaeotheca dimorphospora, Trichoderma harzianum, Cylindrocladium scoparium, damping-off, biological control, fungal antagonist, Pinus resinosa.

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ANTAGONISTIC POTENTIAL OF TRICHODERMA HARZIANUM AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP. CUBENSE ASSOCIATED WITH PANAMA WILT OF BANANA

Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33866/phytopathol.029.01.0299 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Babar Khan ◽

Zuniara Akash ◽

Shahzad Asad ◽

Nazir Javed ◽

Nasir A. Rajput ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Vascular System ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Research Area ◽

Control Agent ◽

Research Centre ◽

Antagonistic Potential

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is a soil loving pathogen of banana that can cause distortion of vascular system. It is responsible for the disease Fusarium wilt of bananas also renowned as panama wilt disease that has responsible of immense losses in the banana industry worldwide. In this study, diseased samples were collected from rhizosphere of banana plants in the research area of National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad and cultured on PDA to isolate pathogenic strains of F. oxysporium f. sp. cubense. Antagonistic potential of Trichoderma harzianum against F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense was evaluated under controlled conditions. T. harzianum produced up to 75.5% inhibition of colony growth of the pathogen followed by incubation for 72 h at 28+2°C in vitro. In pot culture T. harzianum considerably reduced disease severity. It proves that it is a potential biological control agent against banana wilt pathogen.

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