Isoniazid Preventive Therapy: Level of Adherence and Its Determinant Factors among HIV Positive Patients in Adama Hospital Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Abdulalim ◽  
Sileshi Garuma ◽  
Bekele Dibaba ◽  
Tolossa E Chaka
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hospital Medical

scholarly journals Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masino Tessu Beshir ◽  
Aklil Hailu Beyene ◽  
Kenean Getaneh Tlaye ◽  
Tefera Mulugeta Demelew
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Kaplan Meier

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is common in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but its effect on the survival of HIV-infected children is not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of active TB among HIV-positive children at Adama Referral Hospital and Medical College, Oromia, Ethiopia.METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted over 5 years using a checklist to gather data from 428 randomly selected pediatric patient charts. The checklist was adapted from the standardized antiretroviral therapy (ART) follow-up form currently used by the institution’s ART clinic. Data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariable analysis using Cox regression proportional hazards models, as appropriate. Survival was calculated and compared using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests.RESULTS: Of the 466 charts reviewed, 428 patient records were included in the analysis. A total of 67 new TB cases were observed during the follow-up period. Hence, the incidence rate in this cohort was found to be 6.03 per 100 child-years of observation. A baseline hemoglobin level <10 g/dL (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 7.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 48.15), moderate wasting (aHR, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.02 to 7.99), and not receiving isoniazid preventive therapy (aHR, 8.23; 95% CI, 2.11 to 32.06) were among the independent predictors of TB occurrence.CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of TB was high, particularly in pre-ART patients receiving chronic care for HIV. Close followup of HIV-positive children is crucial to protect them against the development of TB. Initiating isoniazid preventive therapy, averting malnutrition, and managing anemia are also of significant importance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Care Cascade Among HIV-Positive Female Sex Workers in Mombasa, Kenya

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia M. LaCourse ◽  
Ruth W. Deya ◽  
Susan M. Graham ◽  
Linnet N. Masese ◽  
Walter Jaoko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Care Cascade

Incidence of Cytological Abnormalities in Pap's Smear in HIV Positive Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. e000136
Author(s):  
Suhana Jotva ◽  
Hemani Desai ◽  
Hansa Goswami
Keyword(s):  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Squamous Cells ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Hiv Negative

Aims and Objectives: The aim of present study is to estimate the frequency of abnormal PAP’s smears and mainly to detect precancerous and cancerous lesions as well as inflammatory lesions in HIV infected women. Methodology: Our study was a retrospective study of total 130 cases and PAP’s smears were examined in cytology section in Department of Pathology, BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad from 1st March 2017 to 31st August 2017. Both HIV positive and HIV negative patients were included in the study. 80 patients were HIV negative and 50 patients were HIV positive. The clinical history and relevant parameters were noted. All the smears were processed by a conventional method using Papanicolaou stain.  Results: Out of 130 cases, 118 cases were reported negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM). Five cases were positive for squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) out of which four were HIV positive. Seven cases were of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) out of which 5 were HIV positive. Three cases were showing bacterial vaginosis. 1 case was showing Trichomonas Vaginalis. 19 cases were showing changes of non-specific inflammation. 6 cases were showing atrophic changes.  Conclusion: HIV infected women are at more risk to develop cervical cytological abnormalities. The study revealed a maximum number of non-specific inflammatory smears followed by smears showing atrophic changes. Smears suspicious for malignancy (ASCUS) and smears showing squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) were more common in HIV positive patients. Thus regular PAP’s smears screening as recommended by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) will help in early detection of cervical abnormalities in HIV positive women. 

scholarly journals Active household contact screening for tuberculosis and provision of isoniazid preventive therapy to under-five children in Afghanistan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. e0240031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Mirza Sayedi ◽  
Mohammad Khaled Seddiq ◽  
Mohammad K. Rashidi ◽  
Ghulam Qader ◽  
Naser Ikram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Therapy ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Contact Screening

scholarly journals Hubert Maitland Turnbull, 1875-1955

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hospital Medical ◽  
London Hospital ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Morbid Anatomy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Attention To Detail

Hubert Maitland Turnbull, who died on 29 September 1955 some eight years after retirement from the Chair of Morbid Anatomy at the London Hospital Medical College, occupied a position of eminence in British pathology. Not only was he greatly esteemed by his colleagues at the London but his influence extended widely throughout the medical schools of this and other countries of the Commonwealth. This was due not so much to his ability as an initiator and director of research, even though he was responsible for a considerable amount of valuable original work during his forty years at the London Hospital, but to a particular genius for accuracy of observation and meticulous attention to detail which he possessed in high degree and applied with almost religious fervour to everything that he did. Entering pathology at a time when many in this country held that morbid anatomy was a dead subject, Virchow, in their opinion, having left little new territory to be explored, Turnbull set himself to revolutionize morbid anatomical practice and to raise the subject to the level of a science. And so well did he succeed that he proved a source of inspiration not only to his fellow pathologists and those young graduates who chose to emulate him, but also to the much wider circle of clinicians who sought the privilege of working for a time in his department as a prelude to specialization in some other branch of medicine.

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