Comparison of Antioxidative Effects of Biguanides and Sulfonylureas Monotherapy on Total Antioxidant Status in Newly-Diagnosed Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and the extent of DNA strand breaks (damage) as a measure of oxidative stress biomarkers in Type 2 diabetic patients (with and without complications) and controls.Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=100 with complications and n=100 without complications) and 100 healthy individuals. Oxidative DNA damage was evaluated using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). Total antioxidant status was assessed by Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma (FRAP) assay.Results: TAS was found to be significantly lower in type 2 diabetic patients (with and without complications) compared to controls (p< 0.001). Similarly, patients with complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly lower TAS when compared to diabetic patients (p= 0.007). DNA damage analysis showed that the extent of damage was high in patients with diabetes mellitus (with and without complications) compared to controls (p< 0.001). Fasting glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin level (HbA1c) was found to be significantly higherin diabetic patients than controls (p< 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that there is no association between age, duration, sugar level, HbA1c, TAS and DNA damage in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Conclusion: Alterations in TAS and the extent of DNA damage was observed in patients with complications of diabetes mellitus indicate that oxidative stress is more in patients with complications when compared to patients without complications and healthy individuals. Therefore, further DNA damage and onset of complications in Type 2 diabetes mellitus could be prevented by counteracting the oxidative stress by therapeutic interventions using appropriate antioxidants.Key words: Hyperglycemia, Oxidative stress, DNA damage, Total antioxidant status, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vascular complication

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ASSOCIATION OF MTHFR A1298C GENE VARIANT, DNA DAMAGE, AND TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT STATUS WITH THE RISK OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i6.25076 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 344

Author(s):

Nithya K ◽

Isabel W ◽

Angeline T ◽

Priscilla A.s. ◽

Asirvatham A.j.

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Dna Damage ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Total Antioxidant Status ◽

Mthfr A1298c ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Total Antioxidant

Objectives: We have examined the association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene A1298C variant, DNA damage, and total antioxidant status (TAS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with and without complications and in healthy controls.Methods: A total of 300 subjects including 100 patients with complications, 100 patients without complications, and 100 controls were included. TAS was assessed by ferric reducing ability of plasma assay. DNA damage was analyzed in lymphocytes using the comet assay. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to study the MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism among the study subjects.Results: The results revealed that the MTHFR 1298 AC+CC genotypes were associated with increased risk (2 fold) for diabetes and its complications. When the effect of DNA damage was analyzed, significant differences between individuals with mutant and normal genotype among the diabetic patients (with and without complications) was observed (p≤0.001). In contrary, no significant difference was found between TAS and 1298 genotypes (AA vs. AC+CC) in Type 2 diabetes patients (with and without complications), p=0.338. We also found a significant difference between the genotypes of the MTHFR A1298C and DNA damage, TAS in T2DM patients (with & without complications) when compared to controls, p<0.001.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism is considered as a risk factor for the development of diabetes and its complications among south Indians. Therefore, increased DNA damage and decreased TAS along with the occurrence of a mutant genotype in an individual with diabetes may be at an increased risk for the development of chronic complications.

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Study on Glycemic Statusand Oxidative Stress Level in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus With and Without Retinopathy: A Teaching Hospital Based Study

Asian Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.47009/ajmr.2020.9.1.ot1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. OT01-OT04

Author(s):

Rachana Gahlawat ◽

Dinesh Narain Saksena

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Outpatient Services

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease and sustained hyperglycemia attacks both micro vessels and macro vessels throughout the body. It is the leading cause of retinopathy, nephropathy, end-stage renal disease, non traumatic lower extremity amputations.Subjects and Methods:Twenty five (25) Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus without any signs of retinopathy were identified from outpatient services of department of Medicine and Twenty five (25) Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with retinopathy were identified from outpatient services of department of Ophthalmology along with 25 healthy subjects were taken as controls. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed after doing detailed dilated fundoscopic examination as per the standard criteria.Results:The levels of FBS, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides and MDA were significantly higher in the diabetics without retinopathy, while the HDL and Vitamin C levels were lower as compared to those of the control group. The levels of FBS HbA1c, cholesterol, triglycerides and MDA were significantly higher in the diabetics with retinopathy, while the HDL and Vitamin C levels were lower as compared to those in the diabetes without retinopathy.Conclusion: The increased oxidative stress and a decreased antioxidant status can predict the micro-vascular complications in diabetes mellitus. The raised MDA levels indicate the oxidative stress and the decreased Vitamin C levels indicate the reduced antioxidant status in diabetic retinopathy.

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