Two and Three Dimensional Image Registration Based on B-Spline Composition and Level Sets

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu Ling Chan ◽  
Cosmin Anitescu ◽  
Yongjie Zhang ◽  
Timon Rabczuk
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Image Registration ◽  
Level Sets ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
3D Images ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Different Types ◽  
2D And 3D

AbstractAmethod for non-rigid image registration that is suitable for large deformations is presented. Conventional registration methods embed the image in a B-spline object, and the image is evolved by deforming the B-spline object. In this work, we represent the image using B-spline and deform the image using a composition approach. We also derive a computationally efficient algorithm for calculating the B-spline coefficients and gradients of the image by adopting ideas from signal processing using image filters. We demonstrate the application of our method on several different types of 2D and 3D images and compare it with existing methods.

scholarly journals Deep Adaptive Log-Demons: Diffeomorphic Image Registration with Very Large Deformations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Zhao ◽  
Kebin Jia
Keyword(s):  
Image Registration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
3D Registration ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Feature Correspondences ◽  
Diffeomorphic Image Registration ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
New Framework

This paper proposes a new framework for capturing large and complex deformation in image registration. Traditionally, this challenging problem relies firstly on a preregistration, usually an affine matrix containing rotation, scale, and translation and afterwards on a nonrigid transformation. According to preregistration, the directly calculated affine matrix, which is obtained by limited pixel information, may misregistrate when large biases exist, thus misleading following registration subversively. To address this problem, for two-dimensional (2D) images, the two-layer deep adaptive registration framework proposed in this paper firstly accurately classifies the rotation parameter through multilayer convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and then identifies scale and translation parameters separately. For three-dimensional (3D) images, affine matrix is located through feature correspondences by a triplanar 2D CNNs. Then deformation removal is done iteratively through preregistration and demons registration. By comparison with the state-of-the-art registration framework, our method gains more accurate registration results on both synthetic and real datasets. Besides, principal component analysis (PCA) is combined with correlation like Pearson and Spearman to form new similarity standards in 2D and 3D registration. Experiment results also show faster convergence speed.

scholarly journals Do 3D Face Images Capture Cues of Strength, Weight, and Height Better than 2D Face Images do?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Iris J Holzleitner ◽  
Alex L Jones ◽  
Kieran J O’Shea ◽  
Rachel Cassar ◽  
Vanessa Fasolt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3D Images ◽  
3D Face ◽  
Face Images ◽  
Similar Accuracy ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
2D Images ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Objectives A large literature exists investigating the extent to which physical characteristics (e.g., strength, weight, and height) can be accurately assessed from face images. While most of these studies have employed two-dimensional (2D) face images as stimuli, some recent studies have used three-dimensional (3D) face images because they may contain cues not visible in 2D face images. As equipment required for 3D face images is considerably more expensive than that required for 2D face images, we here investigated how perceptual ratings of physical characteristics from 2D and 3D face images compare. Methods We tested whether 3D face images capture cues of strength, weight, and height better than 2D face images do by directly comparing the accuracy of strength, weight, and height ratings of 182 2D and 3D face images taken simultaneously. Strength, height and weight were rated by 66, 59 and 52 raters respectively, who viewed both 2D and 3D images. Results In line with previous studies, we found that weight and height can be judged somewhat accurately from faces; contrary to previous research, we found that people were relatively inaccurate at assessing strength. We found no evidence that physical characteristics could be judged more accurately from 3D than 2D images. Conclusion Our results suggest physical characteristics are perceived with similar accuracy from 2D and 3D face images. They also suggest that the substantial costs associated with collecting 3D face scans may not be justified for research on the accuracy of facial judgments of physical characteristics.

scholarly journals Large deformations of planar extensible beams and pantographic lattices: heuristic homogenization, experimental and numerical examples of equilibrium

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2185) ◽  
pp. 20150790 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. dell’Isola ◽  
I. Giorgio ◽  
M. Pawlikowski ◽  
N. L. Rizzi
Keyword(s):  
Large Deformations ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Beam Model ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Nonlinear Beam ◽  
Pantographic Structures ◽  
Diffusion Of Technology ◽  
Second Gradient

The aim of this paper is to find a computationally efficient and predictive model for the class of systems that we call ‘pantographic structures’. The interest in these materials was increased by the possibilities opened by the diffusion of technology of three-dimensional printing. They can be regarded, once choosing a suitable length scale, as families of beams (also called fibres) interconnected to each other by pivots and undergoing large displacements and large deformations. There are, however, relatively few ‘ready-to-use’ results in the literature of nonlinear beam theory. In this paper, we consider a discrete spring model for extensible beams and propose a heuristic homogenization technique of the kind first used by Piola to formulate a continuum fully nonlinear beam model. The homogenized energy which we obtain has some peculiar and interesting features which we start to describe by solving numerically some exemplary deformation problems. Furthermore, we consider pantographic structures, find the corresponding homogenized second gradient deformation energies and study some planar problems. Numerical solutions for these two-dimensional problems are obtained via minimization of energy and are compared with some experimental measurements, in which elongation phenomena cannot be neglected.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Three-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Cephalometric Evaluations of Children with Cleft Lip and Palate

2011 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Tulunoglu ◽  
Elcin Esenlik ◽  
Ayse Gulsen ◽  
Ibrahim Tulunoglu
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Occlusal Plane ◽  
Frontal Analysis ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Study Results ◽  
2D And 3D

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the consistency of orthodontic measurement performed on cephalometric films and 3D CT images of cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients. Methods: The study was conducted with 2D radiographs and 3D CT images of 9 boys and 6 girls aged 7-12 with CLP. 3D reconstructions were performed using MIMICS software. Results: Frontal analysis found statistical differences for all parameters except occlusal plane tilt (OcP-tilt) and McNamara analysis found statistical differences in 2D and 3D measurements for all parameters except ANS-Me and Co-Gn; Steiner analysis found statistical differences for all parameters except SND, SNB and Max1-SN. Intra-group variability in measurements was also very low for all parameters for both 2D and 3D images. Conclusions: Study results indicate significant differences between measurements taken from 2D and 3D images in patients with cleft lip and palate. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:451-458)

scholarly journals 2D- and 3D-Based Intestinal Stem Cell Cultures for Personalized Medicine

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Ye-Guang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cell ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
2D And 3D

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers that have high occurrence and death in both males and females. As various factors have been found to contribute to CRC development, personalized therapies are critical for efficient treatment. To achieve this purpose, the establishment of patient-derived tumor models is critical for diagnosis and drug test. The establishment of three-dimensional (3D) organoid cultures and two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures of patient-derived epithelial tissues is a breakthrough for expanding living materials for later use. This review provides an overview of the different types of 2D- and 3D-based intestinal stem cell cultures, their potential benefits, and the drawbacks in personalized medicine in treatment of the intestinal disorders.

scholarly journals Validation of Stereophotogrammetry of the Human Torso

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. BCBCR.S6352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhun Lee ◽  
Manas Kawale ◽  
Fatima A. Merchant ◽  
June Weston ◽  
Michelle C. Fingeret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Tape Measure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
3D Stereophotogrammetry ◽  
Breast Morphology ◽  
Surgery Outcomes ◽  
Level Of Agreement

The objective of this study was to determine if measurements of breast morphology computed from three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry are equivalent to traditional anthropometric measurements obtained directly on a subject using a tape measure. 3D torso images of 23 women ranged in age from 36 to 63 who underwent or were scheduled for breast reconstruction surgery were obtained using a 3dMD torso system (3Q Technologies Inc., Atlanta, GA). Two different types (contoured and line-of-sight distances) of a total of nine distances were computed from 3D images of each participant. Each participant was photographed twice, first without fiducial points marked (referred to as unmarked image) and second with fiducial points marked prior to imaging (referred to as marked image). Stereophotogrammetry was compared to traditional direct anthropometry, in which measurements were taken with a tape measure on participants. Three statistical analyses were used to evaluate the agreement between stereophotogrammetry and direct anthropometry. Seven out of nine distances showed excellent agreement between stereophotogrammetry and direct anthropometry (both marked and unmarked images). In addition, stereophotogrammetry from the unmarked image was equivalent to that of the marked image (both line-of-sight and contoured distances). A lower level of agreement was observed for some measures because of difficulty in localizing more vaguely defined fiducial points, such as lowest visible point of breast mound, and inability of the imaging system in capturing areas obscured by the breast, such as the inframammary fold. Stereophotogrammetry from 3D images obtained from the 3dMD torso system is effective for quantifying breast morphology. Tools for surgical planning and evaluation based on stereophotogrammetry have the potential to improve breast surgery outcomes.

scholarly journals Comparison of 3D Scanning Versus 2D Photography for the Identification of Facial Soft-Tissue Landmarks

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zogheib ◽  
R. Jacobs ◽  
M. M. Bornstein ◽  
J. O. Agbaje ◽  
D. Anumendem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Dentofacial Deformities ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Facial Scanning ◽  
2D And 3D

Background: Three dimensional facial scanning is an innovation that provides opportunity for digital data acquisition, smile analysis and communication of treatment plan and outcome with patients. Objectives: To assess the applicability of 3D facial scanning as compared to 2D clinical photography. Materials & Methods: Sample consisted of thirty Caucasians aged between 25 and 50 years old, without any dentofacial deformities. Fifteen soft-tissue facial landmarks were identified twice by 3 observers on 2D and 3D images of the 30 subjects. Five linear proportions and nine angular measurements were established in the orbital, nasal and oral regions. These data were compared to anthropometric norms of young Caucasians. Furthermore, a questionnaire was completed by 14 other observers, according to their personal judgment of the 2D and 3D images. Results: Quantitatively, proportions linking the three facial regions in 3D were closer to the clinical standard (for 2D 3.3% and for 3D 1.8% error rate). Qualitatively, in 67% of the cases, observers were as confident about 3D as they were about 2D. Intra-observer Correlation Coefficient (ICC) revealed a better agreement between observers in 3D for the questions related to facial form, lip step and chin posture. Conclusion: The laser facial scanning could be a useful and reliable tool to analyze the circumoral region for orthodontic and orthognathic treatments as well as for plastic surgery planning and outcome.

scholarly journals Orthodontic 2D and 3D frontal sinus imaging records: an important role in human identification

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e49110313608
Author(s):  
Franciéllen de Barros ◽  
Mônica da Costa Serra ◽  
Bárbara Kuhnen ◽  
Rienne Assis Matos ◽  
Clemente Maia da Silva Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Identification ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Frontal Sinuses ◽  
2D And 3D

Two-dimensional imaging records, as conventional radiographies, are part of the orthodontic clinic routine; frontal sinus images are often present in these exams. The characteristics of the frontal sinus are information of great relevance for the Forensic Sciences, as their images may be used for human identification purposes. With the advent of new three-dimensional technologies and computerized image examinations such as Computed Tomography (CT), three-dimensional analysis of the frontal sinuses has become possible. This article evaluates the possibilities of human identification using frontal sinuses 2D and 3D images and the role of orthodontists in this context. Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science were used as databases. As inclusion criteria, were selected texts concerning the studied issue. Although the analysis of frontal sinuses is traditionally carried out using two-dimensional images, there is a growing trend of studies employing CT scans. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is an important diagnosis tool, more frequently used in orthodontics, which allows a three-dimensional approach and great precision in measurements. Together with two-dimensional analysis of frontal sinuses, 3D images are of great value for human identification. Although three-dimensional analysis is not yet a routine, its Forensic use is undoubtedly an excellent tool provided by new technologies. It is important that the orthodontist knows this possibility by properly keeping the patients’ imaging exams.

scholarly journals 4D DSA a new technique for arteriovenous malformation evaluation: a feasibility study

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Sandoval-Garcia ◽  
Kevin Royalty ◽  
Pengfei Yang ◽  
David Niemann ◽  
Azam Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Interventional Neuroradiologist ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
4D Reconstruction

BackgroundThe angioarchitectural features of an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) provide key information regarding natural history and treatment planning. Because of rapid filling and vascular overlap, two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are often suboptimal for evaluation of these features. We have developed an algorithm that derives a series of fully time-resolved 3D DSA volumes (four-dimensional (4D) DSA) at up to 30 frames/s from a conventional 3D DSA. The temporal/spatial resolution of 4D reconstructions is significantly higher than that provided by current MR angiography and CT angiography techniques. 4D reconstruction allows viewing of an AVM from any angle at any time during its opacification. This feasibility study investigated the potential of 4D DSA to improve the ability to analyze angioarchitectural features compared with conventional 2D and 3D DSA.Methods2D, 3D, and 4D DSA reconstructions of angiographic studies of six AVMs were evaluated by three cerebrovascular neurosurgeons and one interventional neuroradiologist. These observers evaluated the ability of each modality to visualize the angioarchitectural features of the AVMs. They also compared the information provided using the combination of 2D and 3D DSA with that provided by a 4D DSA reconstruction.ResultsBy consensus, 4D DSA provided the best ability to visualize the internal features of the AVM including intranidal aneurysms, fistulae, venous obstructions, and sequence of filling and draining. 2D and 3D images in comparison were limited because of overlap of the vasculature.ConclusionsIn this small series, 4D DSA provided better ability to visualize the angioarchitecture of an AVM than conventional methods. Further experience is required to determine the ultimate utility of this technique.

scholarly journals A novel approach for pre-surgical evaluation of facial morphometry in children using magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain: A feasibility analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Iroshani Kodikara ◽  
Dhanusha Gamege ◽  
Ganananda Nanayakkara ◽  
Isurani Ilaperuma
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Brain Images ◽  
Imaging Protocol ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
The Brain

Pre-surgical evaluation of facial morphometry is frequently warranted for children with facial dysmorphism. Though many methods utilized previously for such purposes, data is scarce on using magnetic resonance (MRI) brain images for such purposes. The purpose of this study was to appraise the feasibility of utilizing MRI brain scans done in epilepsy imaging protocol to assess facial morphometry. Measurements of the face; orbit, mouth, and nose of children aged 1 to 7 years were obtained using T1 sagittal, T2 axial and three dimensional (3D) MRI images of the brain (n=20). Ability to obtain facial measurements, inter and intra-observer variability calculated. The mean age of the studied children was 4±2 years, of which 40% (n=8) were boys, and 60% (n=12) were girls. Obtaining facial measurements were reliable with high intra-observer (α=0.757 to 0.999) and inter-observer agreements (α=0.823 to 0.997). The landmarks of the cranium, upper face, and upper nose could be identified (100%) in both two dimensional (2D) and 3D images when such landmarks were contained in the imaging field of view (FOV). Landmarks of lower nose, (subalar width = 0%) or mouth (0%) were not contained in the FOV of 2D images, but contained in 3D images (100%). Both 2D and 3D images did not allow assessment of lower face or the mandible as such landmarks were not contained in the FOV.We conclude thatBrain MRIs performed to evaluate cerebral pathology can be executed to assess facial measurements, provided the FOV of the scan is adjusted to include all significant landmarks.

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