Malaria and Lymphatic Filariasis Co-Transmission in Endemic Health Districts in Burkina Faso

Abstract Background The control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in the Central African Region has been hampered by the presence of Loa loa due to severe adverse events that arise in the treatment with ivermectin. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards used for mapping LF demonstrated cross-reactivity with L. loa and posed the problem of delineating the LF map. To verify LF endemicity in forest areas of Cameroon where mass drug administration (MDA) has not been ongoing, we used the recently developed strategy that combined serology, microscopy and molecular techniques. Methods This study was carried out in 124 communities in 31 health districts (HDs) where L. loa is present. At least 125 persons per site were screened. Diurnal blood samples were investigated for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by FTS and for L. loa microfilariae (mf) using TBF. FTS positive individuals were further subjected to night blood collection for detecting W . bancrofti . qPCR was used to detect DNA of the parasites. Results Overall, 14,446 individuals took part in this study, 233 participants tested positive with FTS in 29 HDs, with positivity rates ranging from 0.0% to 8.2%. No W . bancrofti mf was found in the night blood of any individuals but L. loa mf were found in both day and night blood of participants who were FTS positive. Also, qPCR revealed that no W. bancrofti but L.loa DNA was found with dry bloodspot. Positive FTS results were strongly associated with high L. loa mf load. Similarly, a strong positive association was observed between FTS positivity and L loa prevalence. Conclusions Using a combination of parasitological and molecular tools, we were unable to find evidence of W. bancrofti presence in the 31 HDs, but L. loa instead. Therefore, LF is not endemic and LF MDA is not required in these districts.

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Baseline drivers of lymphatic filariasis in Burkina Faso

Geospatial health ◽

10.4081/gh.2013.63 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 159 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Michelle C. Stanton ◽

David H. Molyneux ◽

Dominique Kyelem ◽

Roland W. Bougma ◽

Benjamin G. Koudou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis

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The impact of ivermectin on onchocerciasis in villages co-endemic for lymphatic filariasis in an area of onchocerciasis recrudescence in Burkina Faso

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

10.1371/journal.pntd.0009117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. e0009117

Author(s):

Achille S. Nikièma ◽

Lassane Koala ◽

Apoline K. Sondo ◽

Rory J. Post ◽

Alain B. Paré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Control Programme ◽

French Language ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Proxy Measure ◽

The Impact

In Burkina Faso, onchocerciasis was no longer a public health problem when the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa closed at the end in 2002. However, epidemiological surveillance carried out from November 2010 to February of 2011, showed a recrudescence of infection in the Cascades Region. This finding was made at a time when ivermectin, a drug recommended for the treatment of both onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis, had been distributed in this area since 2004 for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis. It was surprising that ivermectin distributed for treating lymphatic filariasis had not prevented the recrudescence of onchocerciasis. Faced with this situation, the aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ivermectin on the onchocerciasis parasite. The percentage reduction in microfilarial load after treatment with ivermectin was used as a proxy measure for assessing possible resistance. A cohort study was carried out with 130 individuals who had tested positive for microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in 2010 using microscopic examination of skin-snip biopsies from five endemic villages. Subjects were followed from July 2011 to June 2012. The microfilarial load of each individual was enumerated by skin-snip biopsy in 2010, prior to the first ivermectin treatment against onchocerciasis under community guidelines. All individuals received two ivermectin treatments six months apart. In 2012, the microfilarial loads were determined again, six months after the second round of ivermectin and the reductions in parasite loads were calculated to measure the impact of the drug. The percentage reduction of the microfilarial loads ranged from 87% to 98% in the villages. In all villages, there was a statistically significant difference between the average microfilarial loads in 2010 and 2012. The level of reduction of microfilarial loads suggests that ivermectin is effective against the recrudescent population of O. volvulus in Cascades Region of Burkina Faso. Further investigations would be necessary to determine the causes of the recrudescence of onchocerciasis. (For French language abstract, see S1 Alternative Language Abstract—Translation of the Abstract into French by the authors.)

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Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon.

10.21203/rs.2.22134/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew A Beng ◽

Mathias E Esum ◽

Kebede Deribe ◽

Abdel J Njouendou ◽

Patrick WC Ndongmo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Loa Loa ◽

African Region ◽

Strong Positive Association ◽

Health Districts

Abstract Background The control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) caused by Wuchereria bancrofti in the Central African Region has been hampered by the presence of Loa loa due to severe adverse events that arise in the treatment with ivermectin. The immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards used for mapping LF demonstrated cross-reactivity with L. loa and posed the problem of delineating the LF map. To verify LF endemicity in forest areas of Cameroon where mass drug administration (MDA) has not been ongoing, we used the recently developed strategy that combined serology, microscopy and molecular techniques. Methods This study was carried out in 124 communities in 31 health districts (HDs) where L. loa is present. At least 125 persons per site were screened. Diurnal blood samples were investigated for circulating filarial antigen (CFA) by FTS and for L. loa microfilariae (mf) using TBF. FTS positive individuals were further subjected to night blood collection for detecting W . bancrofti . qPCR was used to detect DNA of the parasites. Results Overall, 14,446 individuals took part in this study, 233 participants tested positive with FTS in 29 HDs, with positivity rates ranging from 0.0% to 8.2%. No W . bancrofti mf was found in the night blood of any individuals but L. loa mf were found in both day and night blood of participants who were FTS positive. Also, qPCR revealed that no W. bancrofti but L.loa DNA was found with dry bloodspot. Positive FTS results were strongly associated with high L. loa mf load. Similarly, a strong positive association was observed between FTS positivity and L loa prevalence. Conclusions Using a combination of parasitological and molecular tools, we were unable to find evidence of W. bancrofti presence in the 31 HDs, but L. loa instead. Therefore, LF is not endemic and LF MDA is not required in these districts.

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Inadequate programming, insufficient communication and non-compliance with the basic principles of maternal death audits in health districts in Burkina Faso: a qualitative study

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-017-0379-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Boukaré Congo ◽

Djénéba Sanon ◽

Tieba Millogo ◽

Charlemagne Marie Ouedraogo ◽

Wambi Maurice E. Yaméogo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Maternal Death ◽

Basic Principles ◽

Health Districts

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Mapping lymphatic filariasis in Loa loa endemic health districts naïve for ivermectin mass administration and situated in the forested zone of Cameroon

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05009-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Andrew A. Beng ◽

Mathias E. Esum ◽

Kebede Deribe ◽

Abdel J. Njouendou ◽

Patrick W. C. Ndongmo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphatic Filariasis ◽

Loa Loa ◽

Health Districts

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Evaluation of a knowledge transfer strategy from a user fee exemption program for vulnerable populations in Burkina Faso

Global Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/1757975912462416 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 70-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Christian Dagenais ◽

Ludovic Queuille ◽

Valéry Ridde

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Special Issue ◽

Governmental Organization ◽

Fee Exemption ◽

User Fee ◽

Health Districts

As part of this special issue contributing to the development of knowledge on vulnerability and health in Africa, this article analyzes one example of a knowledge transfer strategy aimed at improving the use of research results that could help reduce the vulnerability of certain populations. In this case, since September 2008, the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe e.V. (HELP) has conducted a trial of subsidizing 100% of the costs of health care for vulnerable populations in two health districts of Burkina Faso. A scientific partnership was created to produce evidence on the intervention, and a knowledge transfer strategy was developed to promote the use of that evidence by stakeholders (decision-makers, people working in the health system, funding partners, etc.). The results showed that considerable efforts were invested in knowledge transfer activities and that these led to all types of use (instrumental, conceptual, persuasive). However, considerable variation in use was observed from one setting to another. This article presents some lessons to be drawn from this experience.

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