Bacterial Contamination of Blood and Blood Products at Mbarara Regional Blood Bank in Rural South Western Uganda

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

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Rapid screening by real-time 16S rDNA PCR for bacterial contamination of blood products / Schnelles Screening von Blutprodukten nach bakteriellen Kontaminationen mit real-time PCR von 16S rDNA

LaboratoriumsMedizin ◽

10.1515/jlm.2006.053 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 402-411

Author(s):

Hendrik W. Reesink ◽

Tamimount Mohammadi ◽

Rubyn N.I. Pietersz ◽

Paul H.M. Savelkoul

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

16S Rdna ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Rapid Screening ◽

Blood Products ◽

16S Rdna Pcr

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Hazards of Bacterial Contamination of Blood Products

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x9302100108 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 20-23 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. Gottlieb

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Skin Surface ◽

Blood Products ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Viral Pathogens ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Safe Blood ◽

The Third World ◽

Collection Practice ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Post-transfusion bacterial sepsis is infrequent. It is, however, associated with a high mortality due to septic shock. This reflects the release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria. Lesser transfusion reactions are usually under-reported. These are frequently caused by gram positive bacteria. Gram positive species such as staphylococci and other skin surface organisms may be cultured from platelets stored at room temperature. Typically, gram negative “psychrophyllic” species which survive storage at 4°C are cultured from stored refrigerated blood implicated in transfusion reactions. These include Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. Bacterial contamination of the blood supply can occur via an endogenous or an exogenous source. Endogenous donor bacteraemia due to Y.enterocolitica may be asymptomatic or may follow an episode of gastroenteritis. Exogenous infections occur through some defect in the usual collection practice. Transfusion-acquired syphilis is now extremely uncommon. In the third world, beside the need for effective screening for viral pathogens, infections with protozoa, in particular plasmodia, trypanosoma and leishmania remain a major obstacle to ensuring safe blood supplies. Prevention of transfusion reactions demands rigorous attention to details of collection, storage, reissuing and infusion of blood products, as well as prompt treatment, testing and reporting of suspected reactions.

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Methods for the detection of bacterial contamination in blood products

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm.2008.154 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Thomas H. Müller ◽

Harald Mohr ◽

Thomas Montag

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Blood Products

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Blood bank produced fibrin sealant and bacterial contamination

Biologicals ◽

10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.04.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 197-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christoph Buchta ◽

Elisabeth Semple

Keyword(s):

Fibrin Sealant ◽

Bacterial Contamination ◽

Blood Bank

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Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2 Seropositivity among Blood Donors at Mbarara Regional Blood Bank, South Western Uganda

Leukemia Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2016/1675326 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patience Uchenna Tweteise ◽

Bernard Natukunda ◽

Joel Bazira

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Spastic Paraparesis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult T Cell Leukemia ◽

Human T Cell ◽

Western Uganda

Background. The human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV 1/2) are retroviruses associated with different pathologies. HTLV-1 causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP); HTLV-2 is not clearly associated with a known clinical disease. Both viruses may be transmitted by whole blood transfusion, from mother to child predominantly through breastfeeding, and by sexual contact. Presently, none of the regional blood banks in Uganda perform routine pretransfusion screening for HTLV. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (HTLV-1/2) antibodies among blood donors at Mbarara Regional Blood Bank in South Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2014 and September 2014. Methodology. Consecutive blood samples of 368 blood donors were screened for anti-HTLV-1/2 antibodies using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Samples reactive on a first HTLV-1/2 ELISA were further retested in duplicate using the same ELISA. Of the three hundred and sixty-eight blood donors (229 (62.2%) males and 139 (37.8%) females), only two male donors aged 20 and 21 years were HTLV-1/2 seropositive, representing a prevalence of 0.54%. Conclusion. HTLV-1/2 prevalence is low among blood donors at Mbarara Regional Blood Bank. Studies among other categories of people at risk for HTLV 1/2 infection should be carried out.

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