scholarly journals Hazards of Bacterial Contamination of Blood Products

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Safe Blood ◽  
The Third World ◽  
Collection Practice ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Post-transfusion bacterial sepsis is infrequent. It is, however, associated with a high mortality due to septic shock. This reflects the release of endotoxin from gram negative bacteria. Lesser transfusion reactions are usually under-reported. These are frequently caused by gram positive bacteria. Gram positive species such as staphylococci and other skin surface organisms may be cultured from platelets stored at room temperature. Typically, gram negative “psychrophyllic” species which survive storage at 4°C are cultured from stored refrigerated blood implicated in transfusion reactions. These include Yersinia enterocolitica, Pseudomonas fluorescens etc. Bacterial contamination of the blood supply can occur via an endogenous or an exogenous source. Endogenous donor bacteraemia due to Y.enterocolitica may be asymptomatic or may follow an episode of gastroenteritis. Exogenous infections occur through some defect in the usual collection practice. Transfusion-acquired syphilis is now extremely uncommon. In the third world, beside the need for effective screening for viral pathogens, infections with protozoa, in particular plasmodia, trypanosoma and leishmania remain a major obstacle to ensuring safe blood supplies. Prevention of transfusion reactions demands rigorous attention to details of collection, storage, reissuing and infusion of blood products, as well as prompt treatment, testing and reporting of suspected reactions.

scholarly journals Molecular Identification and Characterization of Smartphone Screen Associated Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

Mobile phone is a device that keeps in contact with our sensitive body parts including faces, hands, nose, ears, and lips, etc. most of the time. Although we know many bad aspects of mobile phones; we are indifferent to its bacterial contamination. Smartphone screen is an endless reservoir of pathogenic bacteria and works as an object in spreading those bacteria. The purpose of the study was to identify pathogenic bacteria from smartphone screen and finding some common causes of bacterial contamination. So, a public survey was conducted among 100 students from the Dept. of Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi to know the uses pattern of their particular smartphone. Then, for the lab-based work samples were collected from the smartphone screen of the students by sterile swabs moistened with normal saline water. Among the samples, four strains were selected based on bacterial concentration for further analysis. Out of four, two strains were gram-positive and two were gram-negative. Biochemical tests indicated that all of them were pathogenic and the selected gram-positive bacteria were coagulase-positive Staphylococcus species and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species.16S-rRNA gene sequencing identified the selected two-gram negative strains as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antibiotic sensitivity test referred that all the bacteria were multidrug-resistant and may be dangerous for compromised immune patients.

Attachment of Microorganisms to Pork Skin and Surfaces of Beef and Lamb Carcasses

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. BUTLER ◽  
J. C. STEWART ◽  
C. VANDERZANT ◽  
Z. L. CARPENTER ◽  
G. C. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Model System ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Motile Species

A model system was developed to study attachment to and possibly detachment of bacteria from pork skin and thin-surface slices of beef and lamb carcasses. The technique involves embedding pork skin and beef and lamb surfaces in solidified wax with the skin surface exposed. After exposure of the skin or carcass surface to bacterial suspensions and subsequent manipulations, the sample is removed aseptically from the wax and subjected to agar plate counting methods. A direct relationship existed between bacterial counts of the skin or carcass surface and concentration of bacterial cells in the attachment medium. Much of the bacterial attachment occurred during the first minute of immersion in the attachment medium, although in some instances continued attachment occurred over a 30-min period. Gram-negative motile bacteria showed greater attachment than did gram-positive non-motile species. Temperature and pH of the attachment medium had little effect on the extent of bacterial attachment.

scholarly journals Current concepts on the transmission of bacteria and parasites by blood components

1995 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Wendel Neto
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Rickettsial Diseases

Several bacterial and parasite transfusion-transmitted diseases have been described in the medical literature. This review deals with the main bacterial (Syphilis, Lyme disease, Gram positive and Gram negative agents), parasite (Chagas disease, malaria, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis and babesiosis) and rickettsial diseases that are carried by blood products. Preventional aspects (e.g. storage, screening tests, use of leukocyte-depleted components), diagnosis, geographical distribution and the incidence of these transfusional hazards are also discussed.

Bacterial Screening of Blood Components: Past, Present and Possibly Future Methodologies for Improving Transfusion Safetys

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debrincat A ◽  
◽  
Gialanze JP ◽  
Spiteri N ◽  
Zammit V ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Contaminated Blood ◽  
Bacterial Screening ◽  
Made In

Major developments have been made in the past two decades to ensure that products are free from viral pathogens. Such improvements were achieved, mainly by the introduction of advanced screening methodologies such as Nucleic Acid Testing. Even though this has vastly improved transfusion safety, bacterial contamination remains a persistent threat. To mitigate this, improved donor arm disinfection, blood diversion pouches and proactive screening of blood components have been implemented by transfusion services all over the globe with great success. This review will focus on how current bacterial screening methodologies have improved over the years and how newer developments within this sector may further reduce the undesired possibility of transfusing contaminated blood products.

scholarly journals Análise microbiológica de aparelhos celulares de acadêmicos de fisioterapia de uma faculdade privada de Teresina (PI) / Microbiological analysis of physiotherapist students' mobile phones at a private college in Teresina (Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Davi Leal Sousa ◽  
Flávio Rogério de Sousa Morais ◽  
Francisco Adalberto do Nascimento Paz ◽  
Luciane Lima da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Private College ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Physiotherapy Students

Introdução: Os usuários de aparelhos celulares estão sujeitos a uma série de contaminações microbiológicas, que podem provocar as mais diversas patologias dependendo da imunidade do hospedeiro. Objetivos: Verificar o grau de contaminação de microrganismos nos aparelhos celulares de acadêmicos dos 8º e 9º períodos de Fisioterapia de uma faculdade privada de Teresina (PI). Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e experimental, em que foi realizada a coleta de 55 celulares. Para verificar respostas sobre se os alunos realizavam a devida limpeza em seus aparelhos, foi aplicado um questionário elaborado pelos próprios pesquisadores. Resultados: Todos os aparelhos celulares analisados apresentaram contaminação bacteriana, por bactérias do tipo gram-positivas e gram-negativas. Apesar de a maioria dos alunos afirmarem higienizar seus celulares, mesmo que só às vezes, a higienização não demonstrou ser eficiente. Conclusão: Ficou clara a importância da orientação dos alunos quanto a uma boa e correta higiene, tanto do aparelho celular quanto das mãos, visando diminuir a chance de seus celulares atuarem como veículos portadores da disseminação de microrganismos.Palavras-Chave: Análise microbiológica; Bactérias; Telefones celularesABSTRACTIntroduction: The mobile phones´ users are subject to a series of microbiological contaminations that can provoke the most diverse pathologies depending on the immunity of the host. Aims: To verify the degree of microorganism contamination on mobile phones of physiotherapy students who are in the 8th and 9th semesters of a private college in Teresina, Brazil. Methods: This is an exploratory and experimental study carried out with students who are in 8th and 9th semesters of a Physiotherapy course, in which 55 handsets were collected. To verify if the students were cleaning their phones, a questionnaire prepared by the researchers was applied. Results: All the mobile phones which were analyzed presented bacterial contamination by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Although most of the students declare that they sanitize their cell phones, even just sometimes, the hygiene did not prove to be efficient. Conclusion: It was clear the importance of the students’ orientation regarding a good and correct hygiene of both mobile phones and their hands, to reduce the chance of their cell phones serving as vehicles carrying the dissemination of microorganisms.Keywords: Microbiological analysis; Bacteria; Mobile phones 

Transfusion Reactions Due to Bacterial Contamination of Blood and Blood Products

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Morduchowicz ◽  
Silvio D. Pitlik ◽  
David Huminer ◽  
Michael Alkan ◽  
Moshe Drucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Microanatomy of the Periplasm of Bacillus Licheniformis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
B.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Permeability Barrier ◽  
Periplasmic Space ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Periplasm of bacteria is the space outside the permeability barrier of plasma membrane but enclosed by the cell wall. The contents of this special milieu exterior could be regulated by the plasma membrane from the internal, and by the cell wall from the external environment of the cell. Unlike the gram-negative organism, the presence of this space in gram-positive bacteria is still controversial because it cannot be clearly demonstrated. We have shown the importance of some periplasmic bodies in the secretion of penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis.In negatively stained specimens prepared by a modified technique (Figs. 1 and 2), periplasmic space (PS) contained two kinds of structures: (i) fibrils (F, 100 Å) running perpendicular to the cell wall from the protoplast and (ii) an array of vesicles of various sizes (V), which seem to have evaginated from the protoplast.

Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Paul R. Gross ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Arthritis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽  
Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽  
Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽  
Hussam H. Tizkam ◽  
Shoeb Alahmad
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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