scholarly journals Status of Root-Knot Nematode (<i>Meloidogyne</i> Species) and Fusarium Wilt (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>) Disease Complex on Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.) in the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (08) ◽  
pp. 1090-1103
Author(s):  
Yitayih Gedefaw Kassie
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Disease Complex

scholarly journals Uji masa simpan pelet Trichoderma harzianum dan kemampuannya dalam menghambat perkembangan penyakit Layu Fusarium pada bibit tomat.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
Rizka Musfirah ◽  
Rina Sriwati ◽  
Tjut Chamzurni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Damping Off

Abstrak. Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang ditanam secara luas di seluruh dunia, termasuk di Indonesia, karena memiliki rasa yang khas dan enak, juga memiliki nilai gizi seperti sumber vitamin A dan C yang sangat baik. Produksi tomat mengalami penurunan setiap tahun, salah satunya diakibatkan oleh organisme penganggu tanaman (OPT) yaitu patogen Fusarium oxysporum sehingga perlu dilakukan pengendalian hayati yaitu menggunakan Trichoderma harzianum dalam bentuk formulasi pelet yang praktis, efektif, dan efesien. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 10 unit bibit tomat. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan A (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum  4 minggu), B (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 3 minggu), C (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 2 minggu), D (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 1 minggu), E (masa simpan pelet T. harzianum 0 minggu), F (tanpa perlakuan pelet T. harzianum). Peubah yang diamati yaitu pre-emergence damping off, post-emergence damping off, masa inkubasi, persentase tanaman layu, tinggi tanaman, dan jumlah daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelet T. harzianum yang disimpan 4 minggu efektif dalam menghambat perkembangan penyakit layu fusarium seperti menunda masa inkubasi sampai 7 HSI, menekan pre-emergence damping off sampai 90%, post-emergence damping off 92,95%, serta mampu meningkatkan tinggi tanaman sampai 19,63 cm dan meningkatkan jumlah daun rata-rata 7 helai pada 35 HSI. (Storing Period of Trichoderma harzianum Pellets and its ability to Inhibit the development of Fusarium Wilt Disease on Tomato Seeds)Abstract. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is one of the most widely grown commodities in the world, including Indonesia. It has a distinctively good taste and many nutritional value such as vitamin A and C. However, tomato production has decreased every year. One of the main cause is the attacks by pathogens, named Fusarium oxysporum. A Biological control is necessary and the use of Trichoderma harzianum in the form of pellets is recommended because of its effectiveness, efficiency and practical use. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (RAL) non-factorial consisted of 6 treatments with 3 replications, each treatment consisted of 10 units of tomato seedlings. The 6 treatments are named as treatment A (T. harzianum pellet saving 4 weeks), B (T. harzianum pellet saving period 3 weeks), C (shelf life of 2 weeks T. harzianum pellet), D (shelf life of pellet T harzianum 1 week), E (shelf life of pellet T. harzianum 0 weeks), and F (without T. harzianum pellet treatment). The variables observed in this study are pre-emergence damping off, post-emergence damping off, incubation period, the percentage of wilted plants, plant height, and the number of leaves. The results showed that pellets of T. harzianum stored 4 weeks effectively inhibiting the development of fusarium wilt disease such as delaying incubation period up to 7 HSI (Days After Incubation), suppressing the pre-emergence damping off up to 90% and post-emergence damping off to 92.95%, also able to increase the plant height up to 19.63 cm and increase the average leaf number of 7 strands at 35 HSI.

scholarly journals `Solar Fire' Hybrid Tomato: Fla. 7776 Tomato Breeding Line

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1504-1505 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.W. Scott ◽  
S.M. Olson ◽  
H.H. Bryan ◽  
J.A. Bartz ◽  
D.N. Maynard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Tomato Breeding

`Solar Fire' is a heat-tolerant hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with resistance to all three races of Fusarium wilt incited by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Sacc. Snyder & Hansen. It has superior fruit-setting ability in comparison with most existing cultivars under high temperatures (>32 °C day/>21 °C night), and the fruit crack less under the rainy field conditions often present in the early fall Florida production season. Fla. 7776 is the pollen parent in `Solar Fire', providing much of the heat tolerance in this hybrid. It has large fruit-providing breeders with a parent to produce heat-tolerant hybrids with two heat-tolerant parents.

scholarly journals Retention of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum in Cucurbit Rootstocks Infected by Meloidogyne incognita

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1820-1827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Paula A. Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata ‘Strong Tosa’) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria ‘Macis’) rootstocks are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum but susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita (Southern root-knot nematode). Coinfection of Early Prolific Straightneck summer squash (C. pepo) with root-knot nematode and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum has been reported to increase susceptibility to Fusarium wilt. The objectives of this study were to determine whether such an interaction occurred between M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum races 1 and 2 on Strong Tosa, Macis, and watermelon cultivars Fascination (resistant to race 1) and Tri-X 313 (susceptible to both races). Hosts were inoculated in a greenhouse with one of four pathogen treatments: F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum, M. incognita, both pathogens, or neither pathogen. Galling was present on ≥10% of the root systems of 90% of the plants inoculated with M. incognita. Bottle gourd had less galling than interspecific hybrid squash. Plants not inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum did not wilt. Four weeks after inoculation, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt and recovery of F. oxysporum did not differ for any hosts inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum alone and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum plus M. incognita (host–treatment interactions not significant). In general, Early Prolific Straightneck grouped with the F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum-resistant rootstocks when inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 and with the susceptible watermelon when inoculated with race 1, regardless of inoculation with M. incognita. Recovery of F. oxysporum from stems of inoculated watermelon was greater than recovery from the other three hosts, regardless of nematode inoculation. In conclusion, our experiments do not support the hypothesis that resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum in cucurbit rootstocks or resistant watermelon cultivars would be compromised when M. incognita infects the roots.

Biological activities and chemical composition of Pistacia lentiscus in controlling Fusarium wilt and root-knot nematode disease complex on tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-291
Author(s):  
Lobna Hajji-Hedfi ◽  
Asma Larayedh ◽  
Noura-Chihani Hammas ◽  
Hajer Regaieg ◽  
Najet Horrigue-Raouani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pistacia Lentiscus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Disease Complex

scholarly journals Hot Pepper Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici): Epidemics, Characteristic Features and Management Options

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Endriyas Gabrekiristos ◽  
Tola Demiyo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Rift Valley ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Susceptible Host

Hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the important cash crops to Ethiopian smallholder farmers and an important agricultural commodity which contribute to export earnings. In Ethiopia, this high value crop is constrained by powdery mildew, Phytophthora leaf blight, Fusarium wilt, bacterial leaf spot, bacterial wilt, bacterial soft rot and pepper motile virus. Among this diseases, wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici (FOC) is one of the major pathogen that constrained production and productivity of hot pepper in Ethiopia mainly the Central Rift valley. In Ethiopia, hot pepper fusarium wilt is reported in all production regions in different magnitude. The highest wilt incidence due to fusarium is 90% in some Farmers association of Alaba districts in South Nation Nationalities and peoples of Ethiopia. The economic yield losses due to Fusarium wilt has been estimated at 68 to 71%. Infection and disease development in Fusarium wilt is favored by warm soil temperature, low soil moisture, susceptible host, virulent pathogen and 5.0 to 6.0 pH levels; are some of epidemic factors. Fusarium is reproduced by sexually by teleomorphs and asexually by microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospore. From the Central rift valley of Ethiopia, 49 FOC isolates were identified based on micro and macroscopic characteristics and the isolate having pink colony color, 3-5 septa forming conidia on potato dextrose agar, perform the most pathogenic ability to Mareko Fana Variety. This pathogen has an over wintering stage called chlamydospore which can exist in the soil for more than ten years without the host. Hot pepper fusarium wilt can be managed by host resistance, biological agent, botanicals and fungicide. In Ethiopia, pepper screening for resistant source, in vitro evaluation of bioagents and fungicides were done. In this review attempt has been made to summarize relevant scientific studies on this economically important crop, hot pepper fusarium wilt and associated factors in Ethiopia as well as its different disease management options, challenges and future prospects.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Meloidogyne artiellia, the Cereal and Legume Root-Knot Nematode, and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris Race 5 in Chickpea

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1513-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
David Gomar-Tinoco ◽  
Mauro Di Vito ◽  
Rafael M. Jiménez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Fungal Inoculum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Root Tissues

In the Mediterranean Basin, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne artiellia coinfect chickpea. The influence of root infection (after inoculation with 20 nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles per gram of soil) by two M. artiellia populations, from Italy and Syria, on the reaction of chickpea lines and cultivars with partial resistance to Fusarium wilt (CA 252.10.1.OM, CA 255.2.5.0, CPS 1, and PV 61) and with complete resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 (CA 334.20.4, CA 336.14.3.0, ICC 14216 K, and UC 27) was investigated under controlled conditions. In genotypes with partial resistance, infection by M. artiellia significantly increased the severity of Fusarium wilt, irrespective of the fungal inoculum density (3,000 or 30,000 chlamydospores per gram of soil), except in cultivar CPS 1 at the lower fungal inoculum density. In genotypes with complete resistance to Fusarium wilt, infection by M. artiellia overcame the resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 in CA 334.20.4 and CA 336.14.3.0 but not in ICC 14216 K, irrespective of the fungal inoculum density, and overcame the resistance in UC 27 only at the higher inoculum density. Infection by the nematode significantly increased the number of propagules of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 in root tissues of genotypes with complete resistance to Fusarium wilt, compared with roots that were not inoculated with the nematode, irrespective of the fungal inoculum density, except in ICC 14216 K, in which this effect occurred only at the higher inoculum density. Reproduction of an M. artiellia population from Syria in the absence of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5 was significantly higher than that of a population from Italy in all tested chick-pea genotypes except ICC 14216 K. However, there was no significant difference between the reproduction rates of the two nematode populations in plants infected with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 5, irrespective of the fungal inoculum density and the reaction of the genotypes to the fungus.

scholarly journals Cucurbit Rootstocks Resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum Remain Resistant When Coinfected by Meloidogyne incognita in the Field

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
W. Patrick Wechter ◽  
William B. Rutter ◽  
Paula A. Agudelo
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Triploid Watermelon ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Interspecific hybrid squash (Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata) rootstocks used to graft watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) are resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, the fungus that causes Fusarium wilt of watermelon, but they are susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita, the southern root knot nematode. A new citron (Citrullus amarus) rootstock cultivar Carolina Strongback is resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and M. incognita. The objective of this study was to determine if an interaction between M. incognita and F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 occurred on grafted or nongrafted triploid watermelon susceptible to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2. In 2016 and 2018, plants of nongrafted cultivar Fascination and Fascination grafted onto Carolina Strongback and interspecific hybrid squash cultivar Carnivor were inoculated or not inoculated with M. incognita before transplanting into field plots infested or not infested with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2. Incidence of Fusarium wilt and area under the disease progress curve did not differ when hosts were inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum alone or F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum and M. incognita together. Fusarium wilt was greater on nongrafted watermelon (78% mean incidence) than on both grafted rootstocks and lower on Carnivor (1% incidence) than on Carolina Strongback (12% incidence; P ≤ 0.01). Plants not inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum did not wilt. At the end of the season, Carnivor had a greater percentage of the root system galled than the other two hosts, whereas galling did not differ on Fascination and Carolina Strongback. F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum reduced marketable weight of nongrafted Fascination with and without coinoculation with M. incognita. M. incognita reduced marketable weight of Fascination grafted onto Carnivor compared with noninoculated, nongrafted Fascination. In conclusion, cucurbit rootstocks that are susceptible and resistant to M. incognita retain resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. niveum when they are coinfected with M. incognita.

scholarly journals A Fusarium Wilt Resistance Gene in Gossypium barbadense and Its Effect on Root-Knot Nematode-Wilt Disease Complex

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 727-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wang ◽  
P. A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Minor Genes ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Allele Dosage ◽  
Race 1

Fusarium wilt, caused by the soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 1, is a vascular disease in cotton (Gossypium spp.), and is a component of a disease complex with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita). Genetic analysis of two interspecific crosses (G. barbadense Pima S-7 × G. hirsutum Acala NemX and Pima S-7 × Acala SJ-2) showed that one major gene (designated Fov1) with allele dosage effect conferred resistance to F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum race 1 in Pima S-7. Two amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were linked to Fov1 in Pima S-7, with genetic distance from the gene of 9.3 and 14.6 centimorgans. Less severe wilt symptoms in Acala NemX than Acala SJ-2 indicated that Acala NemX possesses one or more minor genes contributing to delay of wilt symptoms. Highly resistant plants in F2 and F3 (Pima S-7 × NemX) families indicated transgressive segregation effects of minor genes in Acala NemX combined with Fov1 from Pima S-7. The effects of wilt and nematode resistance on the nematode-wilt disease complex were assayed with two inoculation methods. In the presence of both pathogens, wilt damage measured as shoot and root weight reductions was greatest on wilt- and nematode-susceptible Acala SJ-2 and least in root-knot nematode-resistant and wilt-susceptible Acala NemX. Intermediate damage occurred in wilt-resistant and root-knot nematode-susceptible Pima S-7. The results indicated that nematode resistance was more effective than wilt resistance in suppressing wilt symptoms when either resistance was present alone. Nematode resistance combined with intermediate wilt resistance, as in the F1 (Pima S-7 × NemX), was highly effective in protecting plants from root-knot nematodes and race 1 of Fusarium wilt as a disease complex.

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